SCIMATHUS

MATHEMATICS
Module 4:
FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

4.2 Hyperbola and Exponential functions

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 Hyperbola /Hiperbool
𝑎
𝑦= +𝑞
𝑥+𝑝
Equation of the vertical asymptote: 𝑥 = −𝑝
Vergelyking van die vertikale asimptoot: 𝑥 = −𝑝
Equation of the horizontal asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞
Coordinates of the intersection point of asymptotes: (−𝑝 ; 𝑞)

Equation of axes of symmetry:

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑝) + 𝑞 and 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 𝑝) + 𝑞
OR
Use coordinates of the intersection point of asymptotes: (−𝑝 ; 𝑞) and substitute in:
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 and 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑐
OR
𝒂+𝒅
𝒚=
𝒙+𝒑
Equation of the vertical asymptote: 𝑥 = −𝑝
YOU MUST rewrite the above equation in the form to read off the equation of the horizontal
asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞
𝑎
𝑦= +𝑞
𝑥+𝑝
Sketching of hyperbola:
−1
1. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+2 + 3
−1
(a) Can + 3 be equal 3?
𝑥+2
(b) Find the 𝑥- and 𝑦-intercepts of 𝑓(𝑥) and sketch the graph of 𝑓(𝑥).

3
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
+5
Write the domain and range of the function.

3
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥−5
−3
Write the domain and range of the function.

−1
4. 𝑦 = −4
𝑥−2
Write the domain and range of the function.

5. 𝑦 = 5(𝑥 − 2)−1 + 4
Write the domain and range of the function.

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 𝒂+𝒅 𝒂
WRITE 𝒚 = IN THE FORM 𝒚 = +𝒒
𝒙+𝒑 𝒙+𝒑

Example:
−3 𝒂+𝒅
Write 𝑦 = 𝑥−2 + 5 in the form 𝒚 = 𝒙+𝒑

𝒂
Write the following in the form 𝒚 = +𝒒
𝒙+𝒑

𝑥−5
(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥+1
2𝑥+4
(b) 𝑦=
𝑥+3
−5𝑥+2
(c) 𝑦= 𝑥−3
−3𝑥
(d) 𝑦 = 𝑥+1

Exercise 2
For the following graphs:
(a) Calculate the equations of both axis of symmetry, the 𝑥- and 𝑦-intercepts as well as the
asymptotes.
(b) Draw the graph using all the above information.
(c) Determine the range and domain of each graph.
−4
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2
1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = −8
𝑥
−2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2
2
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = +2
𝑥+1
−4
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3
𝑥+1
3
6. 𝑓(𝑥) = +1
6−𝑥
8
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = +4
𝑥−8

2𝑥+4
8. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1

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 Determine the equation of the hyperbola.
𝒂
Equation of both asymptotes are given and another point to determine 𝒂 in 𝒚 = 𝒙+𝒑
+ 𝒒.

1) 2)

(a) Determine the equation of 𝑓. (a) Determine the equation of 𝑓.

(b) What is the domain & the range of 𝑓(𝑥)?
(c) For which 𝑥-value(s) is: (b) What is the domain & the range of 𝑓(𝑥)?
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 (c) For which 𝑥-value(s) is:
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 (i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0
(d) Determine the equations of the axes of (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0
symmetry.
(d) Determine the equations of the axes of
symmetry.

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3) 4)

(a) Determine the equation of 𝑓.

(b) What is the domain & the range of 𝑓(𝑥)? Given 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+𝑑
.
(c) For which 𝑥-value(s) is: 𝑥−𝑡
(a) Determine the values of 𝑑 and 𝑡.
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
(b)Find the equation of 𝑓(𝑥) in the form 𝑦 =
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 𝑎
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 𝑥+𝑝
+𝑞

(d) Determine the equations of the axes of

symmetry.

5. Gegee: 5. Given:
𝑥+ℎ
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+𝑑

(a) Bepaal die waardes van 𝑑 & ℎ (a) Determine the values of 𝑑 & ℎ (d)
(c) (b) Bewys dat 𝑓(𝑥) as die volgende geskryf kan (b) Show that 𝑓(𝑥) can be written as:
word. 2
𝑓(𝑥) = +1
𝑥+1

6. Gegee: 6. Given:

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 𝑏𝑥 + 8
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−𝑡

(a) Bepaal die waardes van 𝑏 & 𝑡. (a) Determine the values of 𝑏 & 𝑡.
(b) Bewys dat 𝑓(𝑥) as die volgende geskryf kan (b) Show that 𝑓(𝑥) can be written as:
word.

4
𝑓(𝑥) = +2
𝑥+2

VIA AFRIKA GRADE 11 (p.102):

Exercise 9: no.2 & 3

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EXPLANATION:
Reflecting a point on the hyperbola in the
(a) axes of symmetry and
(b) the intersection point of the asymptotes:

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ACTIVITY:
1. Find the coordinates:
(a) A & B if reflected in the axes of symmetry (𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟏 and 𝒚 = − 𝒙 + 𝟑) of 𝒇(𝒙) and
(b) A and C if reflected the intersection points of the axes of symmetry

2. Find the coordinates of A, B, C and D if

(a) A & B if reflected in reflected in the axes of symmetry of 𝒇(𝒙).
(b) C and D if reflected the intersection points of the axes of symmetry

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 Exponential function / Eksponensieële funksie
Sketching graphs of the form 𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃𝒙+𝒑 + 𝒒, 𝒃 ≠ 𝟏, 𝒃 > 𝟎
Asymptote: 𝑦 = 𝑞
1. Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥+1
(a) Can 2𝑥+1 be equal to 0?
(b) Find the 𝑥- and 𝑦-intercepts of 𝑔(𝑥) and sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥).

1 𝑥
2. Given 𝑔(𝑥) = (2)
1 𝑥
(a) Can (2) be equal to 0?
(b) Find the 𝑥- and 𝑦-intercepts of 𝑔(𝑥) and sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥).

3. Sketch the graphs of:

(a) 𝑦 = −3. 2𝑥+1 + 12
Write the domain and range of the function.

(b) 𝑦 = 2. 3𝑥+1 + 18
Write the domain and range of the function.

(c) 𝑦 = −2𝑥+1 − 16
Write the domain and range of the function.

Exercise 3
For the following graphs:
(a) Calculate the 𝑥- and 𝑦-intercepts and the asymptote.
(b) Draw the graph using all the above information.

(c) Detemine the domain and range of each graph

1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 3
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4.3𝑥 + 4
1 𝑥
3. 𝑔(𝑥) = (2) − 8

4. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥+1 − 1
5.
1 𝑥
6. 𝑔(𝑥) = (3) + 3

7. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3.3 𝑥 + 9

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Determine the equation of the exponential function in the form:
𝒚 = 𝒂. 𝒃𝒙+𝒑 + 𝒒

Via Afrika Grade 11:

• Example 19 (p.103)
• Example 20 (p.104)
• Exercise 10 (p.105): no. 1, 2, 3 & 4
Xfactor Grade 11:
• Worksheet 6G (p.49): 2.2 & 2.4

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