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This research investigates the effectiveness of crushed coconut shells as a replacement for coarse aggregates in lightweight concrete, aiming to promote sustainable construction practices. The study evaluates the quality and mechanical properties of concrete made with coconut shells, finding that while compressive strength is lower than conventional concrete, it offers environmental benefits and potential for certain applications. Further research is recommended to enhance mix design and assess long-term durability.

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19 views38 pages

Defense

This research investigates the effectiveness of crushed coconut shells as a replacement for coarse aggregates in lightweight concrete, aiming to promote sustainable construction practices. The study evaluates the quality and mechanical properties of concrete made with coconut shells, finding that while compressive strength is lower than conventional concrete, it offers environmental benefits and potential for certain applications. Further research is recommended to enhance mix design and assess long-term durability.

Uploaded by

A L I
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Effectiveness of Crushed Coconut Shell

as Coarse Aggregate Replacement for


Lightweight Concrete

Abuyo, Rica Jean B.


Bernal, Jicelle P.
Gozon, Ruel J.
Migano, Mary-Ann M.

DCVET 3-1 | April 2023


Content of this Research
Introduction
Objectives
Statement of the Problem
Scope and Delimitation
Conceptual Framework
Methodology
Design Method
Experimental Process
Materials used
Mix Design
Research Locale
Experimental Lab Procedure
Results and Analysis
Conclusion
Introduction to the study
Concrete is the premier civil engineering material. Concrete mixing is an artificial
product that involves consuming cement, aggregates, water & admixtures. Aggregated
materials such as sand, crushed stone, or gravel form a significant part of all the
ingredients.

Traditionally aggregates have been readily available at economical prices and qualities
to suit all purposes. However, the continued extraction of aggregates from natural
resources has been questioned because of the depletion of primary aggregates and
greater environmental protection awareness.
Introduction to the study

According to the Statista Research Department statistics, the consumption of primary


aggregate was 13.55 million cubic meters in the Philippines in 2014 and reached
approximately 29.2 million cubic meters by 2018. The volume of sand and gravel
produced in the country has increased over the last five years. The use of natural
aggregates at such a rate leads to an inquiry about conserving natural aggregates
sources.
Objectives
To make concrete sustainable and
environmentally friendly construction
material.

Use suitable replacement material to


substitute natural aggregate in concrete
production.

Coconut shell, a hard and not quickly


degraded material, can be crushed to the size
of sand and be a potential material to
substitute coarse aggregate.
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the quality level of the crushed coconut shell as an alternative
aggregate in terms of:
Color
Texture
Density

2. What is the level of effectiveness of the crushed coconut shell as an alternative


aggregate in concrete mix in terms of:
Mechanical properties
Workmanship
Durability
Environmental aspects
Statement of the Problem
3. In terms of compressive strength and density of concrete, can coconut shells be
utilized as an alternative coarse aggregate in concrete?
Scope and Delimitation
Focuses on creating lightweight Concrete using the
Crushed Coconut Shells.

Follows the specification requirements under ASTM


C330 (Standard Specification for Lightweight
Aggregates for Structural Concrete)

This research did not consider where the


Crushed Coconut Shell was harvested.
Scope and Delimitation
It is only limited to handmade crafts without using
machines.

The researchers will then focus on evaluating the quality of


concrete in terms of Color, Density and Texture, together
with the assessment of concrete mix in terms of Mechanical
properties, Workmanship, Durability, and Environmental
aspects.
Conceptual Framework
Design Method
Quantitative Method
Experimental Research was used to investigate
the use of Crushed Coconut Shell as an
aggregate
There will be having series of laboratory testing
through American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) Standard for Test Methods.
Experimental process
Materials Used
Portland Cement (Type I)
Fine Aggregates (Bistay Sand)
Crushed Coconut Shells (sized 3/4” or 19.00mm)
Potable water

The crushed coconut shells used as a replacement for


coarse aggregates were sourced from nearby coconut stores.
Potable water was used for curing and mixing, while the
other raw materials, such as Portland cement and fine
aggregates, were obtained by collecting samples from
quarry sites.
Materials Used
The researchers also prepared the tools and equipment.
This includes the following:
Shovel Tampering Rod
Trowel Steel Brush
Scoop Paint Brush
Basin Oil
Hammer Wrench
Pail Electronic Balance
Cylinder Mold (6” x 12”) Sieves
Weighing scale Metal Plate
Meter Stick Laboratory Oven
Slump Cone Fatigue Tester
Mix Design
The researchers used the American Concrete Institute (ACI) method of concrete mix design to achieve
the required combination of properties for adding coconut shells to lightweight concrete, the coarse-
to-fine aggregate ratio in the mix will be reduced so that the replaced coarse aggregate particles are
fully surrounded by a layer of mortar. This reduces aggregate interlock, bridging, and increases the
passing ability of the experimented concrete.

Mix Design of Materials (ACI method)


Coarse aggregate = Angular shape (Crushed Coconut Shells)
Nominal maximum aggregate size = 3/4" (19.05mm)
Design Strength = 20 MPa
Specified Slump = 3” – 4”
Mix Design
Mix Design
Mix Design
Research Locale

Department of Public Works and Highways -


Bureau of Research and Standards (DPWH-BRS)
Region IV-A Compound, Brgy. Pinyahan,
EDSA, Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila.
Experimental Lab Procedure
Data Analysis
The procedures are to be observed as follows:

1. Quality Investigation
2. Numerical Quantification
3. Statistical Interpretation
4. Answer determination
Results and
Analysis
Laboratory Test no. 1 & 2: Determination of the color and texture of mixed concrete
Laboratory Test no. 3: Determination of the density of mixed concrete
Laboratory Test no. 4: Determination of Mechanical properties of Mixed Concrete
Laboratory Test no. 4: Determination of Mechanical properties of Mixed Concrete
Laboratory Test no. 4: Determination of Mechanical properties of Mixed Concrete
Laboratory Test no. 4: Determination of Mechanical properties of Mixed Concrete
Laboratory Test no. 4: Determination of Mechanical properties of Mixed Concrete
Laboratory Test no. 5: Determination of Workmanship
Laboratory Test no. 6: Determination of Environmental Aspect
Laboratory Test no. 6: Determination of Environmental Aspect
Conclusion
Based on the experimental investigations, the following observations have been made:

The color of the concrete can vary depending on the natural color of the coconut shells and
the other materials used in the mix.

The use of crushed coconut shells as a lightweight aggregate in concrete can result in a
rough and gritty texture, but this can be managed with proper mix design and finishing
techniques.

The concrete with 100% coconut shell replacement had a density of 2194 kg/m3, which
demonstrates its lightweight properties.
Conclusion
Based on the experimental investigations, the following observations have been made:

The compressive strength tests of the experimental concrete showed an average result of
9.05 MPa at 7 days, 5.57 MPa at 14 days, and 3.97 MPa at 28 days. While these values are
lower than conventional concrete, it can still be suitable for certain applications.

Using crushed coconut shells as a replacement for traditional coarse aggregates in concrete
can have environmental benefits, such as reducing waste, lowering the carbon footprint of
concrete, preserving natural resources, and creating new income sources for local
communities.
Therefore, this study suggests that crushed coconut shells have a
potential alternative to traditional coarse aggregates in lightweight
concrete. However, further research is needed to investigate mix
design, higher strength values and long-term durability of concrete.
Effectiveness of Crushed Coconut Shell
as Coarse Aggregate Replacement for
Lightweight Concrete
Abuyo ◆ Bernal ◆ Gozon ◆ Migano

Thank you for your time and attention in listening to our


research. We are open to any questions and clarifications
regarding our study, and we welcome any constructive
feedback that could help improve our work in the future.

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