AcríviTY

Aim : Tofind the time when the area of a rectangle of given dimensions become maximum, if
the length is decreasing and the breadth is increasing at given rates.
Previous Knowledge Required:
1. Knowledge of the concept of rate of change.
2. Knowledge of the concept of optimisation of a function.
Materials Required :Coloured /White sheet of paper, pair of scissors, fevistik geometry box,
sketch perns etc.
Preparation/ Presentation for the Activity:
1. Cut off a rectangular white sheet of dimensions 20cm by 12 cm.
2. Let the length of the rectangular sheet be decreasing at the rate of 1 cm/ sec and breadth is
increasing at the rate of 2 cm/sec.

12 cm

20 cm

3. Cut few other rectangles of dimensions as per given rates, i.e., 19 cm by 14 cm, 18 cm by
16 cm, 17 cm by 18 cm, 16 cm by 20 cm, 15 cm by 22 cm, 14 cm by 24 cm, 13 cm by 26 cm,
12 cm by 28 cm, 11 cm by 30 cm, 10 cm by 32 cm and paste these rectangles on another
coloured sheet of paper.

18 cm
14 cm 16 cm

19 cm 18 cm 17 cm

(i) (iv)
(i)

Candid Laboratory Manual in Mathematics-12 39

16 cm 15 cm 14 cm 13om
(o) (i) (pii)

28 cm 30om 32 om

12 cm 11 cm 10 om
(ix) (3) (zi)
4. Area of given rectangle (i) = 20 x 12 = 240 cm?
Area of rectangle (iî) after 1 sec = 19x14 = 266 cm?
Area of rectangle (ii) after 2 sec = 18 x 16 = 288 cm?
Area of rectangle (io) after 3 sec = 17x 18 = 306 cm²
Area of rectangle () after 4 sec = 16 x 20 = 320 cm²
Area of rectangle (vi) after 5 sec = 15 x 22 = 330 cm?
Area of rectangle (viî) after6 sec = 14 x 24 =336 cm?
Area of rectangle (viii) after 7 sec = 13 x 26 = 338 cm²
Area of rectangle (i) after 8 sec = 12x28 = 336 cm²
Area of rectangle (x) after 9 sec = 11 x 30 = 330 cm²
Area of rectangle (xi) after 10 sec = 10 x 32 = 320 cm
So, area of the rectangle is maximum after 7 sec.
Observations :
Clearly, area of the rectangle is increasing simultaneously with time
and it is
7 seçond. After that again the area of the rectarngle is
decreasing maximum afte
40

Candid Laboratory Manual in

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Aim 1. 2. 1. 2.
 3. Fix a vertical bamb00 stick through O,representing the z-axis. Now, fix few nails of length
1cm, 2 cm, 3cm, 4cm, etc. at different points on the graph sheet say at P(-2, -3), Q(-2, 2).
R(4, 1) and S|3, - 5). Upper tips of these nails represent the points in the space as A, B, C,
D.
4Coordinates of the points A, B,C, Dare A(-2, -3, 1), B(-2, 2, 2), C(4, 1,3) and D(3,-5, 4).
5. By using a ruler, measure the distance between A and B. AB = 5.1 cm.
6. By using distance formula,we obtain
|AB| = V-2+2) +(-3-2)° +(1-2)°
=/26 =5.099 cm
Thus, the distance between A and B i.e., AB, obtained by actual measurement is equal to
the distance obtained by using distance formula. Similarly, it can be verified for the other
pairs of points.

NOTE The concept of positionvectors may also be explained by using this property. This activity
is very useful in visualising the position of different points in space.
 AcTÍVÍTY
skew lines and verify it analytically.
shortest distance between two
Aim: Tomeasure the
Required :
Previous Knowledge
lines, co-planar lines.
LKnowledge of the concept of skew
shortest distance between two lines.
2 Knowledge of the concept of
of dimensions 2 cm by 2 cm by
Materials Required :
graph papers, wooden blocks
Piece of plywood/drawing board,
cm, fevistik, threads, geometry box etc.
2cm and 2cm by 2 cm by 4
Activity :
Preparation/ Presentation for the again paste a graph paper on it.
fix a white sheet of paper and
1. Take a drawing board, and OB, representing x-axis and y-axis, graduation
2. Draw two perpendicular lines say OA
the lines OAand OB (see figure).

10

2 2

4 5 6 7 8 10 A X
2

61
Candid Laboratory Manual in Mathematics-12
 . NOTE: 6. 5. 4. 3.
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 AcriyiTY
lin: To explain the computation of conditional probability of a given event A, when event B
as already occurred, through an example of throwinga paír of dice.
Previous Knowledge Required :
1. Knowledge of the concept probability, same space etc.
2Knowledge of the concept of conditional probability.
Materials Required :
Pár of dice, drawing board, white sheet of paper, coloured sheets of paper, pair of scissors,
sketch pens, fevistik, geometry box, graph paper etc.
Preparation / Presentation for the Activity :
1Take a drawing board, fix a white sheet of paper on it and finally paste a graph (square
sheet) sheet having 36 unit squares of size 1 cm each. Write pair of numbers as shown in
figure.
2Here, we have 36 possible outcomes. Thus, it represernt the sample space of the experiment.
3. Suppose, we have to find the
conditional probability of an event A 1,1 1,2 13 1,5 1,6
when B has already occurred. Where
Ais the event : a number 4 appears on
both the dice and B is the event : 4 has
appeared on at least one of the dice. 2,1 2.2 2,3 2.4 2.5 2.6
3. Total number of possible outcomes in
tavour of Ais (4, 4), i.e., 1 in number.
lotal number of possible
lavour of Bare (1,4), (2, 4),outcomes
in 3,1 3,2 3,3 3 3,5 3,6
(3, 4), (4, 4),
5,4), (5, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5), (4,
6) ie, 11 in
number. 4,3 4, 2 4.3 4 45 4,6
lotal number of outcomes in favour of
AnBis (4, 4), i.e., 1 number.
11 1
P(B) = 36P(AnB) = 36 51 5,2 5,3 5.4 5,5 5,6

P(A/B) = P(AnB)
P(B) 63 6,4
You events.
more may repeat this activity by taking
6,1 6,2 6,5 6.6

NOTE This activity is helpful in understanding the concept of condi tional probability, which is
Very helpful in Baye's Theorem.
Candid
Laboratory Manual in Mathematics-12