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2015-February-20-M3L3-Power Point Presentation On Introduction To Numbering

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12 views9 pages

2015-February-20-M3L3-Power Point Presentation On Introduction To Numbering

Uploaded by

verabmauritti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NUMBERING

Guest Speaker: Patrick Masambu

Professor Sofie Maddens


Head of Regulatory & Market Environment
ITU-BDT
Professor Renata Brazil-David
Director of Legal Affairs
ITSO
Numbering
• Defined by ITU-T Rec E.164, the Rec deals with international public
telecommunications numbers and countries are then left to implement
their own numbering plans based on E.164

• Numbering is a critical and essential resource for telecommunications,


administered by regulators or independent authorities and utilized in a
variety of ways. ITU has overall responsibility for maintenance and
publication of these resources

• Typically Numbering plans establish different ranges for fixed and


mobile, providing for unique identification, since each line must have
its own unique number

• It is a finite resource not because of the quantity of numbers, but


rather the cost and scarcity of the equipment to provide services to all
these numbers
Design Considerations
• Allocation criteria of International Numbering Resources(INR) have
evolved overtime, however some issues remain consistent: most INR
are allocated free of charge; some numbers yield a small one time
cost recovery fee; a limited number requires ITU sector or associate
membership

• National numbering are expected to be designed such that : there is


generous provision for future growth; national networks are
accessible to subscribers in other countries by means of international
dialing national number procedures; and that subscribers can be
called by the same national number regardless of origin of the call
Recent Developments
• Convergence of technologies and services has necessitated review
of numbering policies

• The proliferation of VoIP services has impacted on numbering


policies, leading to the adaptation of various allocation methods

• Another development has been the introduction of number


portability, that gives the consumer the ability to maintain the same
number when changing service providers

• E.164 Number Mapping(ENUM): a protocol that defines the mapping


of a telephone number to a Uniform Resource Identifier(URI), it is
enabling the introduction of a full neutral approach to numbering and
simplifies regulation while at the same time addressing complexities
arising from convergence
Telephone Numbers

• The ITU is responsible for allocating CC = Country


country codes and codes for global Code
services, networks, and groups of NSN = National
countries Significant
Number
• National Plans allocate NSN, NDC
NDC = National
and SN Destination Code
• ITU also allocates the counterparts SN = Subscriber
of NSNs for global services, as well Number
as NDCs for global networks and
countries
Composition of Telephone numbers

CC NSN
NDC SN
Numbering for Internet
• The Domain Name System(DNS) translates domain names such
as: www.itu.int into unique IP addresses, which are identifiers
associated with networking equipment for purposes of addressing
these devices worldwide

• Administration and coordination of IP addresses is done by Internet


Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers(ICANN) working
together with regional registries. Furthermore, ICANN and Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) work together to manage top
level domain names(TLD)

• The management of country code Top Level Domains (ccTLD’ s)


on a national level is now primarily a regulation issue, as numbering
policies continue to be influenced by the development of IP
networks
Numbering Versions for Internet: IPv
• Two versions of Internet
Protocol are in use today
• IPv4
• 32 bit scheme that allows for
2^32 addresses (about 4
billion)
• Have almost been depleted!
• IPv6
• Developed by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• 128 bit scheme that greatly
expands address space to
2^128 (340 undecillion)
• Reduces digital divide by
increasing Internet availability
IP Based Networks and Issues: the Case of
IPv6
What are the benefits? Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6
• Expands the number of available
IP addresses
• More efficient routing and packet
processing
• Increased security
Have we switched over to IPv6
yet?
• IPv4 and IPv6 will continue to
coexist for some time http://www.cnet.com/news/moving-to-ipv6-now-for-the-hard-part-faq/

• Already in use in many places


around the world such as the
United States, Australia, and
many European Countries
• Operating systems, routers, and
software are being made
compatible
Monitoring Numbering
In the past, incumbent providers managed national numbering plans,
and merged national interests with their own
Now the following is recommended by regulators
• Effective Competition
• A numbering plan should be designed and managed without bias
towards incumbent providers
• Effective Consumer Protection
• A numbering plan should ensure that customer expectations are
met and that customers are knowledgeable about realistic
service expectations
• Simple Regulation
• A numbering plan should be accomplished in a way that does not
lead to frequent interventions by the regulatory body

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