Part 1

Data and Data Management

Data Management
 1.1. Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom

Data Management
 Data represent facts about the world. But ‘facts’ are
not always simple or straightforward.

Data has been called the “raw material of

information” and information has been called “data
in context”.

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 1.1.

Information has also been defined by information

scientists and professionals in other ways as well, such
as:
- Synonym for data;
- Near synonym for fact;
- Something one did not know before, news;
- Something that changes someone's beliefs or knowledge;
- Something that changes someone’s expectations:
- Something that changes someone's uncertainty about a
particular situation

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 1.1.

When we apply information to achieve our

goals, we turn it into knowledge.

Wisdom is knowledge applied in action

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 1.1.

Example:

50 is numerical data.
50 km/h is the speed limit on the streets of
the city.

For our safety, we should not exceed the

speed limit of 50 km/h on the streets.

We drive at a speed of less than 50 km/h on

the streets.

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1.2 Organization and Data Management

Within an organization, it may be helpful to draw a line

between information and data for purposes of clear
communication about the requirements and expectations
of different uses by different stakeholders.

An asset is an economic resource, that can be owned

or controlled to produce value. Assets can be
converted to money. Data is widely recognized as an
enterprise asset.

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1.2 Organization and Data Management: Data Asset

Physical assets can be pointed to, touched, and moved around.

They can be in only one place at a time.

Data is different.
Data is not tangible.
Yet it is durable;
The value of data often changes as it ages.
Data is easy to copy and transport.
Data is not easy to reproduce if it is lost or destroyed. Because it
is not consumed when used, it can even be stolen without being
gone.
Data is dynamic and can be used for multiple purposes. The
same data can even be used by multiple people at the same time
...

Data Management
 1.2.
1.3 The data life cycle

Collecting

Processing

Storing and
securing

Using

Sharing

Archiving,
Reusing,
Destroying

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1.4 Data management

Data management is the practice of collecting,

organizing, and accessing data to support
productivity, efficiency, and decision-making.

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 1.2.

1.5 Data Management Challenges

• Data Differs from Other Assets

• Data Valuation

• Data Quality

• Data Handling Ethics

• ....

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 1.2.

1.6 Data Management Frameworks

• DMBOK ( Data Management Body of Knowledge)

• Strategic alignment model
• DCAM (Data Management Capability Assessment Model)
• ...

Data Management Association (DAMA),

The first edition (DAMA-DMBOK): 2015

The second edition: 2017

DAMA also provides a professional data management certification for individuals known as a Certified
Data Management Professional (CDMP)

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 1.2.
1.7 Data Management Framework

Dama international – DMBOK2 2017

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1.4 Data management and data governance

Data Governance (DG) is defined as the exercise of authority and control

(planning, monitoring, and enforcement) over the management of data assets.

The purpose of DG is to ensure that data is managed properly according to policies

and best practices (Ladley, 2012).

Controlling and Executing activities

monitoring activities
Data Management
 1.2. Data management and data governance

Data Management
 1.2.
1.5.1 Data Architecture

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1.5.1 Data Architecture

ISO/IEC 42010
Architecture is defined as “the fundamental organization of a system,
embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and the
environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.”

Enterprise Architecture: Providing a visual blueprint of the

organization, and, showing key interrelationships between data, process,
applications, technologies and more.

Data Architecture: Identifying the data needs of the enterprise

(regardless of structure), and designing and maintaining the master
blueprints to meet those needs.

Data Management
 1.2. 1.5.1 Data Architecture

...
Data
Architecture
...

...
...
...

Enterprise Architecture

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 1.2.
1.5.1 Data Architecture: Data lineage

Example

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 1.2.
1.5.1 Data Architecture: Data lineage

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 1.2.
1.5.1 Data Architecture: Data lineage

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 1.2.
1.5.2 Data Modeling and Design

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1.4.2 Data modeling

Data modeling is the process of discovering, analyzing, and scoping data

requirements, and then representing and communicating these data requirements in a
precise form called the data model.

CDM

LDM

PDM
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 1.2.
1.5.2 Data modeling Data Modeling scheme

The six most common schemes used to represent data

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 1.2.
1.5.2 Data modeling

Relational

Dimensional

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 1.2. 1.5.2 Data modeling

Object-Oriented

Object Role Modeling

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 1.2. 1.5.2 Data modeling

Time-Based - Anchor Modeling

NoSQL

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1.5.3 Data Storage and Operations

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1.5.3 Data Storage and Operations

Data Storage and Operations includes the design, implementation,

and support of stored data, to maximize its value throughout its
lifecycle,

Database: Any collection of stored data, regardless of structure or

content. Some large databases refer to instances and schema.

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1.5.3 Data Storage and Operations
Database Architecture Types

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1.5.4 Data Security

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1.5.4 Data Security

Data Security includes the planning, development, and execution of security

policies and procedures to provide proper authentification, authorization, access,
and auditing of data and information assets

STAKEHOLDER GOVERNMENT
Access Authentification
CONCERNS REGULATION

NECESSARY LEGITIMATE
BUSINESS BUSINESS Audit Autorisation
ACCESS NEEDS CONCERNS

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1.5.4 Data Security

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1.5.4 Data Security
Example of requirements: General Data Protection Regulation

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1.5.5 Data Integration and Interoperability

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1.5.5 Data Integration and Interoperability

Data Integration and Interoperability describes processes related to the

movement and consolidation of data within and between data stores, applications
and organizations

Data Integration consolidates data into consistent forms.

Data Interoperability is the ability for multiple systems to communicate

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1.5.5 Data Integration and Interoperability

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1.5.6 Document and Content Management

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1.5.6 Document and Content Management

Document and Content Management entails controlling the capture, storage,

access, and use of data and information stored outside relational databases
(Unstructured data)
Content refers to the data and information inside the file, document, or website.

Document management: storage, inventory, and control of electronic and paper

documents. "documents and records“

Content management: the processes, techniques, and technologies for

organizing, categorizing, and structuring access to information content,
resulting in effective retrieval and reuse.

Standard e.g., ISO 9001:2015, GARP ...

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1.5.6 Document and Content Management

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1.5.7 Reference and Master Data

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1.5.7 Reference and Master Data

Reference and Master Data : Managing shared data to meet

organizational goals, reduce risks associated with data redundancy, ensure
higher quality, and reduce the costs of data integration.

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1.5.7. Reference and Master Data

Reference Data is any data used to characterize or classify other

data, or to relate data to an organization

Reference data

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1.5.7 Reference and Master Data

Master Data is data about the business entities (e.g., employees, customers,
products, financial structures, assets, and locations) that provide context for business
transactions and analysis

Master Data

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 1.2. 1.5.7 Reference and Master Data

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1.5.8 Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

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1.5.8 Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence:

Planning, implementation, and control processes to provide decision support data
and support decision makers in reporting, query, and analysis.

A data warehouse is designed to support business intelligence (BI) activities

by providing a platform for querying, reporting, and data analysis.

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1.5.8. Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

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1.5.8 Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence

The term Business Intelligence (BI) has two meanings.

First, it refers to a type of data analysis aimed at understanding

organizational activities and opportunities. Results of such analysis are
used to improve organizational success.

Secondly, Business Intelligence refers to a set of technologies that support

this kind of data analysis. An evolution of decisions support tools, BI tools
enable querying, data mining, statistical analysis, reporting, scenario
modeling, data visualization, and dashboarding.

Data Management