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5 Block Diagram

The document outlines the concepts of computer organization and architecture, detailing the structure and behavior of computer systems. It identifies three main components of computer hardware: the Input/Output Unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Memory Unit, explaining their functions and interconnections. The CPU is responsible for processing data, while the memory unit stores data and instructions temporarily, with secondary memory providing permanent storage.

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13 views8 pages

5 Block Diagram

The document outlines the concepts of computer organization and architecture, detailing the structure and behavior of computer systems. It identifies three main components of computer hardware: the Input/Output Unit, Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Memory Unit, explaining their functions and interconnections. The CPU is responsible for processing data, while the memory unit stores data and instructions temporarily, with secondary memory providing permanent storage.

Uploaded by

pankaj.sahu.cs24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer System

Organization/Block
Diagram
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

▪ Computer architecture refers to the structure and behavior of the


computer. It includes the specifications of the components, for
example, instruction format, instruction set and techniques for
addressing memory, and how they connect to the other components.
Given the components, computer organization focuses on the
organizational structure. It deals with how the hard-ware
components operate and the way they are connected to form the
computer.
▪ Given the system specifications, computer design focuses on the
hardware to be used and the interconnection of parts. Different kinds
of computer, such as a PC or a mainframe computer may have
different organization; however, basic organization of the computer
remains the same.
Components of Computer Hardware

The computer system hardware consists of three main components:


▪ Input/Output (I/O) Unit,
▪ Central Processing Unit (CPU), and
▪ Memory Unit.

The I/O unit consists of the input unit and the output unit. CPU
performs calculations and processing on the input data, to generate the
output. The memory unit is used to store the data, the instructions and
the output information.
Contd…

Input/Output Unit The user interacts with the computer via the
I/O unit. The Input unit accepts data from the user and the
Output unit provides the processed data i.e. the information to
the user. The Input unit converts the data that it accepts from
the user, into a form that is understandable by the computer.

Similarly, the Output unit provides the output in a form that is


understandable by the user. The input is provided to the
computer using input devices like keyboard, trackball and
mouse. Some of the commonly used output devices are
monitor and printer.
Contd…

Central Processing Unit CPU controls, coordinates and supervises


the operations of the computer. It is responsible for processing of
the input data. CPU consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and
Control Unit (CU).
▪ ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic operations on the input
data.
▪ CU controls the overall operations of the computer i.e. it checks
the sequence of execution of instructions, and, controls and
coordinates the overall functioning of the units of computer.
Additionally, CPU also has a set of registers for temporary storage of
data, instructions, addresses and intermediate results of calculation.
Contd…

Memory Unit Memory unit stores the data, instructions,


intermediate results and output, temporarily, during the
processing of data. This memory is also called the main
memory or primary memory of the computer. The input data
that is to be processed is brought into the main memory
before processing.
Contd…

The instructions required for processing of data and any


intermediate results are also stored in the main memory.
The output is stored in memory before being transferred to
the output device. CPU can work with the information
stored in the main memory. Another kind of storage unit is
also referred to as the secondary memory of the computer.
The data, the programs and the output are stored
permanently in the storage unit of the computer. Magnetic
disks, optical disks and magnetic tapes are examples of
secondary memory.

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