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Part II-Functional Analysis 2024: Homework 4, Due May 21

This document outlines Homework 4 for a Functional Analysis course, due on May 21, 2024. It includes various problems related to complex unital Banach algebras, such as proving properties of invertible elements, solving integral equations, and demonstrating the structure of specific Banach spaces. The problems require the application of theorems and concepts from functional analysis, including Neumann's series and Alaoglu's Theorem.

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Angelo Oppio
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7 views2 pages

Part II-Functional Analysis 2024: Homework 4, Due May 21

This document outlines Homework 4 for a Functional Analysis course, due on May 21, 2024. It includes various problems related to complex unital Banach algebras, such as proving properties of invertible elements, solving integral equations, and demonstrating the structure of specific Banach spaces. The problems require the application of theorems and concepts from functional analysis, including Neumann's series and Alaoglu's Theorem.

Uploaded by

Angelo Oppio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part II-Functional Analysis 2024

Homework 4, due May 21.

4.1. Let A be a complex unital Banach algebra and x ∈ A. Prove that if ∥x∥ < 1 then

∥x∥2
∥(e − x)−1 − e − x∥ ≤ .
1 − ∥x∥

4.2. Let G(A) be the set of all invertible elements in a unital Banach A. Show the inverse operation
x → x−1 is a continuous map from G(A) to G(A).

4.3 Solve the following equation, in C([0, 1])


Z 1
f (x) − λ ex−t f (t)dt = g(x), g ∈ C([0, 1])
0

for every λ ∈ C such that |λ| < 1.


Hint: Use Neumann´s series Theorem i).

4.4. Prove that if A is a unital Banach algebra then △A (the set of all non-zero linear multiplicative
′
functionals) is a compact subset of the closure of the unit ball of A for the w∗ topology.
Hint: Use Alaoglu’s Theorem.
′ ′ ′
4.5 Let X and Y be normed linear spaces T ∈ B(X, Y ) and T ∈ B(Y , X ). Show that:
′
cl im(T) = ⊥ (ker T ) where cl im=closure of image.
′
Hint: Use a corollary of Hahn -Banach to prove by contradiction that ⊥ (ker T ) ⊂ cl im(T).

4.6 Let W denote the Banach space of all integrable functions, on the unit circle, that have an
absolutely convergent Fourier series, with the norm
Z 2π
X 1
∥f ∥ = |fˆn |, where fˆn = f (t)e−int dt.
n∈Z
2π 0
Show that W is a unital Banach algebra for the pointwise product.

4.7. Show that the Banach space L1 (R) is a Banach algebra for the convolution product.
2

4.8 Let A be the Banach algebra A = C ([−1, 1]) with ∥ · ∥∞ , and C2 with norm ∥ · ∥∞ and
multiplication componentwise.
(a) Prove that J = {f ∈ A : f (0) = f (1) = 0} is a closed ideal of A.
(b) Show A/J is isomorphic to C2 and compute σ(f + J ) for every (f + J ) ∈ A/J .

4.9 Let A be a complex unital Banach algebra. Prove that σ(xy)\{0} = σ(yx)\{0} for every
x, y ∈ A.

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