APPRRECIATION

Eveything in life is art.

 WHAT IS ART: INTRODUCTION

INTRO TO AND ASSUMPTIONS

ART APPRECIATION: CREATIVITY,
ART APP IMAGINATION, AND EXPRESSION
FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
LESSON 1:
WHAT IS ART?
INTRODUCTION
AND
ASSUMPTIONS
WHAT IS ART?
"The word “art” comes from
ancient latin, ars which
means a “craft or
specialized form of skill,
like carpentry or smithying
surgery”.

Art is something that is

perennially around us.

IN YOUR OWN WORDS, COME

UP WITH A DEFINITION OF
THE WORD "ART".
 ART IN THE HUMAN
EVERYDAY LIFE NEED FOR ART

People naturally seek

Art is woven into daily
artistic experiences,
life through fashion,
driven by a desire for
music, architecture, and
beauty and deeper
performances, often
aesthetic engagement.
without conscious
Limited exposure to
recognition. Our choices
certain forms of art
and preferences reflect
sparks curiosity and
artistic values.
exploration.

ART AND HISTORICAL

HUMANITIES SIGNIFICANCE
The humanities trace human
OF ART
creativity from survival Art has always been a
skills to artistic medium for cultural and
mastery. Art, from its emotional expression.
Latin root ars (skill), Prehistoric cave
evolved into a distinct paintings, like those in
form of expression, with Altamira, Spain, show
fine and functional arts early artistic thought
distinguished by the 18th beyond mere survival.
century.
ASSUMPTIONS
OF ART
Art is timeless, not because of age but due
to its ability to capture human emotions and
ideas. Classics like the Iliad, Mahabharata,
Florante at Laura, and Ibong Adarna
transcend generations, proving art’s
universal power to connect humanity across
cultures and eras.

Art is universal.

Art is not nature.

Art involves experiences.

ASSUMPTIONS OF
ART CONT’D.
Art Art exists in every country and
in every generation. It is not
is
limited to one culture, time,
universal. or place. People often think
that only old works of art are
important, but this is not
true. A piece of art is
valuable not because it is old,
but because it has meaning and
continues to be appreciated.
ASSUMPTIONS OF
ART CONT’D.
Art Art is created by humans, while
nature exists on its own. Even
is
though artists take inspiration
not nature from nature, their work is not
an exact copy but an
interpretation of what they see
and feel. Art expresses
emotions, ideas, and
creativity, making it different
from nature itself.
ASSUMPTIONS OF
ART CONT’D.
Art Art is best understood through
experience. It is not just
involves
about knowing something, but
experience. about feeling and doing. People
appreciate art more when they
experience it firsthand. This
is why artists, dancers, and
musicians spend years
practicing their craft—because
true understanding comes from
experience.
 LESSON 2:
ART APPRECIATION:
CREATIVITY,
IMAGINATION, AND
EXPRESSION
LESSON 2:
ART APPRECIATION:
CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION,
AND EXPRESSION
Art appreciation involves creativity,
imagination, and expression, allowing
individuals to connect with and
interpret artworks in personal ways. It
emphasizes that art is not just about
replicating nature but about unique
artistic vision and emotional depth.
Developing an appreciation for art
requires observation, analysis, and
experience to distinguish fine art from
ordinary visuals.
ART APPRECIATION
AS A WAY OF LIFE
Art is more than a passive experience—it
requires deep understanding and
refinement. According to Jean-Paul
Sartre, artists perceive the world
uniquely, but their vision is not always
immediately recognized by viewers. Many
artworks remain unnoticed due to the lack
of perception and appreciation,
highlighting the importance of time and
experience in truly valuing art.
 Developing art appreciation and aesthetic judgment
helps individuals distinguish between authentic
Remember! and derivative works. Exposure to museums,
exhibitions, and performances enhances one's
ability to evaluate and engage with art more
meaningfully.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY
IN ART MAKING
Creativity is essential in art-making,
requiring originality and problem-solving. A
true artist creates rather than imitates,
ensuring uniqueness in their work. However,
in today's world, accidental similarities
and unintentional plagiarism pose
challenges, as seen in the "It’s More Fun in
the Philippines" campaign, which resembled a
1951 Swiss slogan.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY
IN ART MAKING CONT’D.
Creativity
- Essential for producing unique and original works.
- Distinguishes personal expression from imitation.

Challenges of Originality
- Many ideas may seem unique but may not be.
- Example: "It's More Fun in the Philippines" vs.
Switzerland's slogan highlights the need for thorough
research.
- Starting point for artists, writers, and musicians.
- Quote: Albert Einstein - "Imagination is more
important than knowledge."
- Imagination opens up endless possibilities for
innovation.
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY
IN ART MAKING CONT’D.
Interconnection of Art and Imagination
Art Fuels Imagination
- Artistic expression inspires further creativity
(e.g., musicians conceiving tunes).

Art Enhancing Environments

- Art in spaces like coffee shops and libraries
stimulates creativity and joy. Historical Perspective
- Desire for beauty evident in ancient cave paintings
and artifacts.
- Early artworks served both functional and aesthetic
purposes.
ART AS A PRODUCT
OF IMAGINATION
"Imagination is more important than
knowledge. For knowledge is limited to
all we now know and understand, while
imagination embraces the entire world,
and all there ever will be to know and
understand."

- Albert Einstein
 ART AS
EXPRESSION
-Art allows individuals to convey
emotions and thoughts beyond words.
-Expression through art helps release
emotions and create beauty.
-Robin George Collingwood (1938)
emphasized that art expresses emotion,
rather than inducing it.
-Expressing emotions is different from
STARRY NIGHT (1889) – describing them.
VINCENT VAN GOGH Art reflects the inner self rather than a
reflection of what is outside or external
to them
POPULAR ART
EXPRESSIONS
Visual -Visual arts appeal to the
Arts sense of sight and are
mainly visual in nature.
-Artists recreate what they
perceive (Collins & Riley,
1931)
-Mediums of visual arts
includes paintings,
drawings, letterings, THE SCREAM (1893) –
printing, sculptures, EDVARD MUNCH
digital imaging, and more.
POPULAR ART
EXPRESSIONS
Film as -Film is an artistic medium that
Art combines images, sound, and
storytelling.
-Filmmaking focuses on its
aesthetics, cultural, and social
value
-Uses techniques like motion-
picture camera (also known as movie
camera), Computer-Generated Imagery
(CGI), animation, and
cinematography.
THE LIGHTHOUSE (2019) –
-Requires elements such as ROBERT EGGERS
lighting, music, visual effects,
direction, and more.
 POPULAR ART
EXPRESSIONS
Performance
Art
-Performance Art is a live art.
-Uses the human body, movement,
and interaction with the
audience.
-Consists of four elements:
time, place, performer’s body,
and audience relationship.
THE HAIRY APE (1922) –
EUGENE 0’NEILL
 POPULAR ART
EXPRESSIONS
Poetry
-Poetry conveys deep emotions
Performance
using carefully chosen words to
exhibit clarity and beauty.
-It uses a word’s emotional,
musical, and spatial values that
go beyond its literal meaning to
narrate, emphasize, argue, or
convince.
-Combines sound, rhythm, and
meaning to evoke emotions.
Some poets draw inspiration from
other artworks.
ARCHITECTURE
The design and construction of buildings,
utilizing elements like space, form,
line, and proportion to create
aesthetically pleasing and functional
structures that often reflect the culture
and time period they were built in.
DANCE
A form of artistic expression using body
movement, rhythm, and choreography to
convey emotions and stories, often
accompanied by music.
LITERARY ART
Artistic expression through written works
like poetry, novels, short stories, and
plays, utilizing language, imagery, and
narrative structure to evoke emotions and
ideas in the reader.
THEATER
A live performance art form where actors
embody characters and present a story
through dialogue, movement, and stage
design, often incorporating elements of
literature and music.
LESSON 3:
FUNCTIONS AND
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVE ON
ART
 The philosophical concept of telos, or purpose/end, as explained by
Aristotle. It argues that everything has an inherent purpose and moves
towards fulfilling it. This purpose is linked to function, as
fulfilling one's function is necessary to achieve its telos. Applying
this to humans, Aristotle suggests our telos is eudaimonia (often
translated as happiness or flourishing), which is achieved through
fulfilling our function as rational beings. ThIS connects telos and
function to identity, arguing that a thing's purpose and ability to
fulfill it are essential to what it is.
Aristotle
 Essentially, it establishes a framework for understanding existence
based on inherent purpose, function, and the achievement of an ultimate
end. the relationship between function, purpose, and identity, using
the example of a kitchen appliance to illustrate how understanding an
object's functions helps us determine its purpose and ultimately, its
nature. It then extends this concept to art, questioning whether art
must have an end or function. The core inquiry is whether an artwork's
purpose or function is essential to its identity as art, prompting us
to consider if something can be art without a clear purpose.
Aristotle
FUNCTIONS
OF ART
- Refers to the various purpose’s art serves
in society and individual lives.
- Asks what art is meant to achieve or convey.
Three Broad
Examples of
Art Functions:
Functions of
Rizal Art
Monument in Architecture Personal (Self-

Rizal Park - Highly functional,

e.g., Taj Mahal as a
expression and
individual
reflection)
Prompts questions mausoleum. Painting
Social (Community
about sentimental, and Literature
engagement and
aesthetic, and - Focus on intrinsic
cultural dialogue)
communicative value. value, e.g., poems
Physical
appreciated for
(Practical utility
beauty.
and functional
design)
 Three Broad Functions of Art

Personal Social Physical

-Highly subjective -Addresses collective -refer to its
and depends on the interests rather than practical, tangible,
artist. personal ones. and utilitarian roles
-May be created for -Common in political in everyday life.
self-expression or art, protest art, and -These functions
entertainment activism often intersect with
-Can be therapeutic, Highlights social aesthetics, but their
helping individuals conditions, raising primary focus is on
process emotions awareness serving a specific
purpose.
MUSIC
Music is an art form and cultural
activity that organizes sound and silence
into structured, expressive compositions.
It is created through elements such as
melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, and
dynamics, often using instruments,
vocals, or electronic means.
SCULPTURE
Sculpture is a three-dimensional art form
created by shaping, carving, modeling,
casting, or assembling materials such as
stone, wood, metal, clay, or other
substances. It involves the manipulation
of form, space, texture, and volume to
produce works that can be functional,
decorative, or purely artistic.
ARCHITECTURE
Architecture is the art and science of
designing and constructing buildings,
structures, and spaces that are
functional, aesthetically pleasing, and
responsive to their environment and
context. It involves the thoughtful
integration of form, function, materials,
technology, and cultural or social
considerations to create spaces that meet
human needs and aspirations.
Question!
DOES ART ALWAYS HAVE TO
BE FUNCTIONAL?
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Philosophical perspectives on art explore
its nature, purpose, and value, offering
diverse interpretations of what art is and
why it matters. These perspectives have
evolved over time and across cultures,
reflecting broader philosophical ideas and
debates. Here are some of the key
philosophical perspectives on art:
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Mimetic Definition: Art is an imitation or
representation of reality.
Perspective Key Thinkers: Plato, Aristotle.
Plato's View: Plato argued that art is
a copy of the physical world, which
itself is a copy of the ideal Forms.
He was skeptical of art, seeing it as
potentially deceptive and morally
corrupting.
Aristotle's View: Aristotle saw art as
a positive imitation (mimesis) of
nature, capable of revealing universal
truths and evoking emotional
catharsis, particularly in tragedy.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Formalist Definition: Art's value lies in its
form—its composition, structure, and
Perspective aesthetic qualities—rather than its
content or context.
Key Thinkers: Immanuel Kant, Clive
Bell, Roger Fry.
Kant's View: Kant emphasized the
importance of disinterested
appreciation, where art is valued for
its beauty and form, independent of
practical or moral concerns.
Bell and Fry: They argued that art's
essence is its "significant form," the
arrangement of lines, shapes, and
colors that evoke aesthetic emotion.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Expressionist Definition: Art is a means of
expressing emotions, ideas, or the
Perspective inner life of the artist.
Key Thinkers: Leo Tolstoy, Benedetto
Croce, R.G. Collingwood.
Tolstoy's View: Tolstoy believed that
art communicates emotions from the
artist to the audience, creating a
shared human connection.
Croce and Collingwood: They emphasized
art as an intuitive expression of the
artist's inner world, distinct from
practical or intellectual activities.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Instrumentalist

Perspective Definition: Art serves a purpose

beyond itself, such as moral,
political, or social functions.
Key Thinkers: John Dewey, Karl Marx,
Bertolt Brecht.
Dewey's View: Dewey saw art as
integral to human experience,
emphasizing its role in fostering
communication, education, and social
cohesion.
Marxist View: Marxist theorists argue
that art reflects and influences
social and economic conditions, often
serving as a tool for critique or
revolution.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Institutional

Perspective Definition: Art is defined by the

context in which it is presented and
the institutions that validate it
(e.g., galleries, museums, critics).
Key Thinkers: Arthur Danto, George
Dickie.
Danto's View: Danto argued that art is
defined by the "artworld"—the cultural
and institutional framework that gives
it meaning.
Dickie's View: Dickie proposed the
"institutional theory of art," which
states that something becomes art when
it is recognized as such by the
artworld.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Aesthetic

Perspective Definition: Art is valued for its

ability to evoke aesthetic
experiences, such as beauty,
sublimity, or pleasure.
Key Thinkers: Immanuel Kant, Edmund
Burke.
Kant's View: Kant distinguished
between the beautiful (pleasurable and
harmonious) and the sublime (awe-
inspiring and overwhelming) in art.
Burke's View: Burke explored the
emotional impact of art, particularly
the sublime, which evokes feelings of
awe and terror.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Postmodern

Perspective Definition: Art challenges traditional

boundaries, definitions, and
hierarchies, often questioning the
nature of art itself.
Key Thinkers: Jean-François Lyotard,
Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida.
Lyotard's View: Lyotard emphasized the
collapse of grand narratives in art,
celebrating diversity, fragmentation,
and experimentation.
Foucault and Derrida: They explored
how art reflects and challenges power
structures, language, and cultural
norms.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Pragmatic

Perspective Definition: Art's value is determined

by its practical impact on individuals
and society.
Key Thinkers: John Dewey, Richard
Rorty.
Dewey's View: Dewey saw art as a
dynamic process that enriches human
experience and fosters growth and
understanding.
Rorty's View: Rorty emphasized art's
role in expanding empathy and
imagination, contributing to social
progress.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Existentialist

Perspective Definition: Art is a means of

confronting the human condition,
exploring themes like freedom,
meaning, and authenticity.
Key Thinkers: Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert
Camus.
Sartre's View: Sartre saw art as a way
for individuals to assert their
freedom and create meaning in an
otherwise absurd world.
Camus's View: Camus explored art as a
form of rebellion against the
absurdity of existence, offering a
sense of purpose and connection.
PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSPECTIVES ON ART
Phenomenological

Perspective Definition: Art is understood through

the lived experience of the viewer,
emphasizing perception and
interpretation.
Key Thinkers: Maurice Merleau-Ponty,
Martin Heidegger.
Merleau-Ponty's View: He focused on
the embodied experience of art,
emphasizing how perception shapes
meaning.
Heidegger's View: Heidegger saw art as
a way of revealing truth and
uncovering the essence of being.
APPRRECIATION
Eveything in life is art.