Part One MCQS

1- What mode does the CPU operate in when it has the highest level of privileges?
A) User Mode
B) Kernel Mode
C) Safe Mode
D) Boot Mode

2- What is the primary purpose of an operating system?

A) To provide a user interface

B) To manage hardware resources
C) To run application software
D) All of the above

3- Which of the following describes a process?

A) A program in execution
B) A stored program
C) An operating system component
D) A type of memory

4- Which scheduling algorithm allocates CPU time based on priority levels?

A) Round Robin
B) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
C) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
D) Priority Scheduling

5- Which of the following is NOT a type of system call?

A) File management
B) Process control
C) Device management
D) User input
6- Who designed the Linux operating system kernel?
A) Steve Jobs
B) Linus Torvalds
C) Bill Gates
D) Richard Stallman
7- Swapping is primarily used to:
A) Increase processing speed
B) Improve file system performance
C) Move processes between main memory and disk
D) Store temporary files
8- Which of the following describes kernel-level threads?
A) Managed by user libraries only
B) managed directly by the operating system
C) Cannot take advantage of multiple processors
D) Require manual context switching
9- What is the main purpose of memory management in an operating system?
A) To execute processes
B) To manage the allocation and deallocation of memory
C) To provide user interfaces
D) To handle input/output operations

10 - Which model of multithreading allows multiple threads to run concurrently on a single

processor?

A. One-to-one model
B. Many-to-one model
C. Many-to-many model
D. One-to-many model

11- In a many-to-many multithreading model, how many kernel threads are there in
relation to user threads?

A. One kernel thread per user thread

B. Multiple user threads mapped to one kernel thread
C. Multiple kernel threads mapped to multiple user threads
D. One user thread per kernel thread

12 - Which service is responsible for managing the resources of the computer?

A. Process scheduling
B. Memory management
C. File management
D. Device management

13- Which of the following is NOT a core service of an operating system?

A. File system management

B. Device communication
C. Software application execution
D. Process control

14- Which of the following is an example of a user operating system interface?

A. Windows Command Prompt

 B. Windows Explorer
C. Linux Terminal
D. All of the above

15-Which interface allows users to interact with the OS using visual icons and
windows?

A. CLI
B. GUI
C. Shell
D. Kernel

16 -What is the role of a system call in an operating system?

A. It provides a way for user programs to interact with the operating system.
B. It enhances hardware performance.
C. It speeds up memory access.
D. It manages file storage.

17 -Which of the following is an example of a system call?

A. read()
B. malloc()
C. printf()
D. scanf()

18-Which of the following is NOT a type of system call?

A. Process control
B. File management
C. Memory allocation
D. Database querying

19-Which system call type is responsible for creating and managing processes?

A. Process control
B. File management
C. Device management
D. Communication management

20-Which type of system call deals with managing input/output operations?

A. File management
B. Device management
 C. Process control
D. Memory management

21- Which of the following is an example of a system program?

A. Text editor
B. Compiler
C. Operating system shell
D. All of the above

22-Which of the following is a factor in operating system design?

A. Performance
B. Scalability
C. Security
D. All of the above

23- Which of the following is NOT a step in operating system implementation?

A. Writing device drivers

B. Designing the file system
C. Testing the operating system on a single device
D. Developing system hardware

24-Operating system generation refers to:

A. Creating new system calls

B. Installing the OS on hardware
C. Customizing the operating system to the specific hardware of a system
D. Building new system programs

25-Which of the following is a key task in operating system generation?

A. Installing necessary device drivers

B. Building new hardware
C. Writing application programs
D. None of the above

26-Which of the following is the first step in the system boot process?

A. Loading the kernel into memory

B. Initializing the hardware
 C. Starting user-level processes
D. Running system programs

27-During the boot process, the BIOS is responsible for:

A. Loading the operating system kernel

B. Performing system checks and initializing hardware
C. Running user applications
D. Shutting down the system

28- Which of the following is true about a process?

A. A process is a program that is ready to execute.

B. A process is a running program and its associated data.
C. A process exists only during execution.
D. A process is independent of the CPU.

29-Which of the following is a primary goal of process scheduling?

A. Maximize CPU utilization

B. Minimize system errors
C. Maximize the number of processes in the ready queue
D. Prevent deadlock

30- In which process scheduling algorithm is the process that has the longest remaining
burst time chosen to run next?

A. Round Robin
B. Shortest Job Next (SJN)
C. First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
D. Priority Scheduling

31-Which of the following scheduling algorithms is best suited for time-sharing systems?

A. Shortest Job First (SJF)

B. Round Robin (RR)
C. First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
D. Priority Scheduling
32-Which process scheduling technique tries to minimize waiting time and improve CPU
efficiency?

A. Shortest Job First (SJF)

B. Round Robin
C. First-Come First-Served
D. Priority Scheduling

33- Which of the following is an operation performed on processes?

A. Fork
B. Exec
C. Wait
D. All of the above

34-The fork() system call:

A. Creates a new process

B. Terminates a process
C. Waits for a child process to finish
D. Loads a program into memory

35-The exec() system call:

A. Terminates the parent process

B. Replaces the current process with a new program
C. Creates a new child process
D. Waits for a child process to terminate

36-Which of the following is true about the wait() system call?

A. It suspends the parent process until a child process terminates

B. It terminates the child process immediately
C. It loads a new program into memory
D. It initializes a new process

37-Shared memory in IPC allows:

A. Processes to share a common address space

B. Processes to communicate via message queues
C. A process to directly write to a file system
D. None of the above
38-Which of the following is an example of an IPC system?

A. Windows Messages
B. POSIX Message Queues
C. Windows Named Pipes
D. All of the above

39-In UNIX-like systems, which IPC mechanism is used to allow communication between
processes on the same machine?

A. Message Passing
B. Shared Memory
C. Named Pipes
D. Signals

40-Which of the following IPC systems is specifically designed for communication across a
network?

A. Shared Memory
B. Sockets
C. Semaphores
D. Message Queues

41-Which IPC method is based on reading and writing data in memory that is shared
between multiple processes?

A. Message Passing
B. Shared Memory
C. Semaphores
D. File System

42- Which of the following best defines a process in an operating system?

A. A set of instructions to be executed

B. A running instance of a program
C. A part of memory
D. A type of scheduling algorithm

43-Which of the following is NOT a commonly used scheduling criterion in CPU

scheduling?

A. CPU utilization
B. Turnaround time
C. Memory usage
D. Throughput
44-Which of the following is the primary goal of CPU scheduling in operating systems?

A. a) Maximize CPU utilization

B. b) Minimize disk access
C. c) Ensure fairness among processes
D. d) Maximize throughput and minimize waiting time

45-Which of the following best describes swapping in memory management?

A. Moving processes between main memory and secondary storage

B. Allocating contiguous blocks of memory to processes
C. Managing the page table
D. Fragmenting memory to improve performance

46-In paging, memory is divided into fixed-sized blocks called:

A. Segments
B. Pages
C. Partitions
D. Frames

47-Why is kernel memory allocation critical in an operating system?

A. a) It ensures the operating system's core functions are not interrupted by process
execution
B. b) It prevents user processes from accessing the kernel memory
C. c) It reduces system performance by isolating kernel processes
D. d) It allows user processes to allocate kernel resources directly

48- What is a file in the context of an operating system?

A. A collection of data stored in memory

B. A set of instructions executed by the CPU
C. A collection of related data or information stored on a storage device
D. A piece of hardware used for storage

49-What is the purpose of a directory structure in an operating system?

A. To organize files for efficient access and management

B. To store files in a sequential order
C. To speed up file access times
D. To manage hardware components
50-What is the primary goal of file protection in an operating system?

A. To ensure that files are not deleted

B. To prevent unauthorized access and modifications to files
C. To speed up file access
D. To encrypt files

Part Two true/false

1. File protection mechanisms allow the operating system to control which users or

processes can access specific files. True

2. Encryption is a method used to protect files by converting them into an unreadable

format without the proper key. True

3. The directory structure in an operating system helps manage and organize files

efficiently. True

4. In a flat directory structure, all files are stored in a single directory without any

subdirectories. True

5. Files are used to store both data and programs in an operating system. True

6. A file in an operating system is typically stored in memory and does not need to be

saved to disk. False

7. Efficient memory management is key to maintaining the stability and

responsiveness of a system. True
8. Increasing memory utilization always leads to better system performance. False
9. Kernel memory is allocated from the same pool of memory as user processes. False
10. Memory-mapped files allow a file to be accessed as if it were part of the process's
memory space. True
11. Memory-mapped files are not useful for large files that are read frequently. False
12. Thrashing can be solved by adding more processes to the system. False
13. Frame allocation ensures that each process gets an equal amount of physical
memory. False
14. In frame allocation, physical memory is divided into fixed-size blocks called frames.
True
 15. Demand paging increases memory efficiency by loading pages only when they are
required. True
16. In demand paging, all pages are loaded into memory at the beginning of execution.
False
17. The page table holds the mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses for
processes. True
18. Each process has a single global page table that is shared by all processes. False
19. In a multiple-processor system, processes must always be executed on separate
processors. False
20. The First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) algorithm always results in the shortest
waiting time for processes. False

Part three Direct Questions

1- What are the advantages and disadvantages of the one-to-one multithreading

model?

Advantages include better parallelism and performance, while disadvantages include

higher resource overhead, as each thread needs its own kernel thread.

2- What is the difference between a process and a thread?

A process is an independent program in execution with its own memory space, while a
thread is a unit of execution within a process, sharing resources such as memory and file
descriptors with other threads in the same process.

3- What are the key methods of file sharing, and why are they important?

Key methods of file sharing include file locking, network file systems, and file
permissions. These methods ensure that multiple users or processes can access and
modify files without causing data corruption or conflicts.

4- Why is kernel memory allocated separately from user memory?

Kernel memory is allocated separately to protect the operating system's core functions
and ensure that user processes do not interfere with or corrupt the memory used by the
kernel.

5- What is the role of page replacement algorithms in a system with virtual memory?

Page replacement algorithms manage which pages to swap in and out of memory to
minimize page faults and ensure that the system operates efficiently.
6- What is the purpose of the page table in a paging system?

A page table is used to map virtual addresses to physical addresses, enabling the system
to translate logical page addresses to physical memory locations.

7- What is the main benefit of segmentation in memory management?

The main benefit of segmentation is that it allows for a more logical organization of
memory based on the logical structure of a process, such as separating code, data, and
stack segments.

8- What is a major issue with contiguous memory allocation?

The major issue is external fragmentation, where free memory is scattered in small
chunks, making it difficult to allocate large contiguous blocks.

9- What is the primary disadvantage of the First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)

scheduling algorithm?

The primary disadvantage is that it can lead to long waiting times, especially if a long
process arrives before shorter ones, causing a "convoy effect."

10- What is the primary responsibility of memory management in an operating system?

The primary responsibility is to allocate and deallocate memory space to processes,

ensuring efficient and safe memory usage.

11- What are the key challenges in multicore programming?

Some key challenges include synchronization, load balancing, memory consistency, and
cache coherence issues.

12- What is the purpose of swapping in memory management?

Swapping allows processes to be moved in and out of main memory and secondary
storage to provide the illusion of a larger memory space than is physically available.

13- What criteria should be used to evaluate the effectiveness of a CPU scheduling
algorithm?

Key criteria include CPU utilization, throughput, waiting time, response time, and
fairness.

14- What are the difference between User Mode and a Kernel Mode?
 User Mode is where regular applications run with limited access to system resources, ensuring
safety and stability. Kernel Mode is where the operating system runs, with full access to
hardware and system resources, allowing it to manage the system.

15- Why is kernel memory allocation critical in an operating system?

Because It ensures the operating system's core functions are not interrupted by process
execution.