Goals to Unlock

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Manifest ability to illustrate the basics of computer networks and internet use.
o Illustrate the elements of a computer network,
o Identify the hardware needed for computer communication,
o Identify the different methods of computer communication,
o Illustrate the different services used on the internet,
o Apply proper internet ethics,
o Demonstrate skills in doing online literature searching, and
o Use proper methods of citing information on the internet.
• Demonstrate skills in making entertaining and informative web pages using HTML.
o Identify the different parts of browsers,
o Identify different types of web pages,
o Use simple text editor to create web page by means of HTML tags,
o Edit text editor,
o Format HTML files,
o Add text animations in web page,
o Insert picture in web page,
o Create hyperlinks, and
o Insert elements in a web page.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• LESSON 1: Basics of the Computer Networks
• LESSON 2: Web Pages and Its Uses

Tip of the Pen

DIRECTIONS: Reflect on this question. Use a minimum of three (3) sentences and a maximum
of five (5) sentences.
1. In this modern and technological era, we use computers and the internet in our daily lives.
How important are computers and the internet to you?
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 Basics of the
Computer Networks
The modern data network has become a critical asset for many industries. Most basic
data networks are designed to connect users and enable them to access various resources,
like the Internet and other computers connected to the network. Networks are comprised of
four basic elements: hardware, software, client devices, and the connection medium. All data
networks are comprised of these elements and cannot function without them.

Unboxing Knowledge

ACTIVITY 1: Word Hunt!

DIRECTIONS: Search at least ten (10) words that you could find in the puzzle which are related
to Computer Networks. Write them in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.

H P O P R O T O C O L S M F
A K G O O L A W A G N O O W
R A I T U A G A D T A N D S
D A T A T S O F T W A R E J
W L G N E T W O R K S M K
A E H L R R A L E C X E S A
R C B E S F W E R T D C S
E A L S W A D E S I G N A L
C O M M A N D S A S A I R H
E F H U Y U S W P D S H D K
M M L H J C K K A E S H S L
E T H E R N E T Y O E J I U
O L R E P E A T E R S D K I
L S E C I V E D F R Y E S T

1. __________________________________ 6. __________________________________
2. __________________________________ 7. __________________________________
3. __________________________________ 8. __________________________________
4. __________________________________ 9. __________________________________
5. __________________________________ 10. _________________________________
 Point It Out

BASIC ELEMENTS OF A COMPUTER NETWORK

Basic Elements of a Computer Network include hardware, software, client devices, and
connection medium. The interrelationship of these basic elements constitutes the infrastructure
of the network. A network infrastructure is the topology in which the nodes of a local area
network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) are connected to each other. These
connections involve equipment like routers, switches, bridges and hubs using cables (copper,
fiber, and so on) or wireless technologies (Wi-Fi).
1. Hardware
The backbone of any network is the hardware that runs it. Network hardware includes
network cards, routers or network switches, modems and Ethernet repeaters. Without this
hardware, computers have no means of accessing a network. Network cards give computers
direct access to network media and enable them to connect to other equipment, including
routers, switches, modems and repeaters. Routers or switches allow a single network
connection from a modem to be divided between several computers. Repeaters refresh the
network signal between Ethernet cable segments, allowing Category 5 cables to reach
beyond their 300-foot maximum length without signal loss.
Hardware Components
A. Servers
Servers are high-configuration computers that manage the resources of the network.
The network operating system is typically installed in the server and so they give user accesses
to the network resources. Servers can be of various kinds: file servers, database servers, print
servers etc.
B. Clients
Clients are computers that request and receive service from the servers to access and
use the network resources.
C. Peers
Peers are computers that provide as well as receive services from other peers in a
workgroup network.
D. Transmission Media
Transmission media are the channels through which data is transferred from one device
to another in a network. Transmission media may be guided media like coaxial cable, fibre
optic cables etc; or maybe unguided media like microwaves, infra-red waves etc.
E. Connecting Devices
Connecting devices act as middleware between networks or computers, by binding
the network media together. Some of the common connecting devices are:
a. Routers d. Repeaters
b. Bridges e. Gateways
c. Hubs f. Switches
2. Software
In order for the hardware to interact with the network, it needs software to issue
commands. The primary form of networking software is protocols -- software that instructs
network devices on how to connect to the network and how to interact with one another.
Other examples of networking software include connection monitoring software, networking
clients and other tools designed to further facilitate your computer's ability to connect to the
network.
Software Components
A. Networking Operating System
Network Operating Systems is typically installed in the server and facilitate workstations
in a network to share files, database, applications, printers etc.
B. Protocol Suite
A protocol is a rule or guideline followed by each computer for data communication.
Protocol suite is a set of related protocols that are laid down for computer networks. The two
popular protocol suites are −
a. OSI Model (Open System Interconnections)
b. TCP / IP Model
3. Client Devices
Client devices are the computers and mobile devices connected to the network. Client
devices are vital components of a network, as without clients requiring access the network is
essentially pointless. In order to classify as a client device, a computer or mobile device must
be able to connect to the network and utilize it. Depending on the network, client devices
may also require specialized software to establish a connection.
4. Connection Media
Without connections, a network cannot function. The medium used to connect the
nodes of a network varies with the type of network. Wired networks will often use network
cables like Category 5 Ethernet cables, while wireless networks make direct connections
between devices using radio signals as the medium.
COMMUNICATION AND TRANSMISSION MODES IN COMPUTER NETWORKS
Transmission mode means transferring of data between two devices. It is also known as
communication mode. Buses and networks are designed to allow communication to occur
between individual devices that are interconnected.
1. Simplex Mode
In Simplex mode, the communication is unidirectional, as on a one-way street. Only one
of the two devices on a link can transmit, the other can only receive. The simplex mode can
use the entire capacity of the channel to send data in one direction.
Example: Keyboard and traditional monitors. The keyboard can only introduce input,
the monitor can only give the output.

2. Half-Duplex Mode
In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same
time. When one device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice versa. The half-duplex
mode is used in cases where there is no need for communication in both direction at the same
time. The entire capacity of the channel can be utilized for each direction.
Example: Walkie- talkie in which message is sent one at a time and messages are sent
in both the directions.

3. Full-Duplex Mode
In full-duplex mode, both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously. In full duplex
mode, signals going in one direction share the capacity of the link with signals going in other
direction, this sharing can occur in two ways:
Either the link must contain two physically separate transmission paths, one for sending
and other for receiving or the capacity is divided between signals travelling in both directions.
 Full-duplex mode is used when communication in both direction is required all the time.
The capacity of the channel, however must be divided between the two directions.
Example: Telephone Network in which there is communication between two persons by
a telephone line, through which both can talk and listen at the same time.

INTERNET SERVICES
Internet Services allows us to access huge amount of information such as text, graphics,
sound and software over the internet.
1. Communication Services
There are various Communication Services available that offer exchange of information
with individuals or groups. The following table gives a brief introduction to these services:
A. Electronic Mail
It is used to send electronic message over the internet.
B. Telnet
It is used to log on to a remote computer that is attached to internet.
C. Newsgroup
It offers a forum for people to discuss topics of common interests.
D. Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
It allows the people from all over the world to communicate in real time.
E. Mailing Lists
It is used to organize group of internet users to share common information through e-
mail.
F. Internet Telephony (VoIP)
It allows the internet users to talk across internet to any PC equipped to receive the call.
G. Instant Messaging
Offers real time chat between individuals and group of people. (e.g. Yahoo messenger,
MSN messenger, and Facebook messenger)
2. Information Retrieval Services
There exist several Information retrieval services offering easy access to information present on
the internet. The following table gives a brief introduction to these services:

A. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

It enable the users to transfer files.
B. Archie
Its updated database of public FTP sites and their content, helps to search a file by its
name.
C. Gopher
It is used to search, retrieve, and display documents on remote sites.
D. Very Easy Rodent Oriented Netwide Index to Computer Achieved (VERONICA)
VERONICA is gopher based resource. It allows access to the information resource stored
on gopher’s servers.

3. Web Services
Web services allow exchange of information between applications on the web. Using
web services, applications can easily interact with each other. The web services are offered
using concept of utility computing.

4. World Wide Web (WWW)

WWW is also known as W3. It offers a way to access documents spread over the several
servers over the internet. These documents may contain texts, graphics, audio, video,
hyperlinks. The hyperlinks allow the users to navigate between the documents.

Tell Me More

ACTIVITY 2: Send me an E-mail

DIRECTIONS: Compose an email about the transformation of technology through the years
using Gmail, Yahoo or any other emailing services. Use 2 to 3 paragraphs with at least 5
sentences per paragraph. In the “subject” section, write “COMSCI1 (Year and Section). Send
it to this email, [email protected] and take a screenshot of the whole email you
compose and send it via Facebook messenger.
 Web Pages
and Its Uses
When it comes to web browsers, the market has several offerings. A few decades back,
IE (Internet Explorer) was the only option people had. But as different browsers started to
emerge, people quickly adopted them and left IE. In fact, IE was so slow that many people
made memes on it.
Now we do not see many people using IE. Microsoft soon realized that people are
shifting their focus to other browsers, so it came with the new Edge browser. However, Edge
did not gain much popularity either.

Unboxing Knowledge

ACTIVITY 3: Screenshot in 3 2 and 1

DIRECTIONS: Screenshot, screengrab, or capture three (3) learner-friendly websites on the
internet. In five (5) to ten (10) sentences, write and discuss the design, elements, and function
ability of your chosen websites. Also, rank on which of your three chosen websites is the most
user-friendly. Send the screenshots via Facebook messenger.
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 Point It Out

A software application used to access information on the World Wide Web is called a
Web Browser. When a user requests some information, the web browser fetches the data from
a web server and then displays the webpage on the user’s screen.
SOME TYPES OF WEB BROWSERS
1. Google Chrome
Google Chrome is the most popular browser that people use today. The
main reason for this is its speed. It is a fast browser. It opens quickly and loads
multiple tabs and pages in just one click. If you are tired of waiting for your
browser to open after clicking on its icon, you should switch to Chrome.
Another reason for using Chrome is its simplicity. It combines the address bar and Google
search bar in one omnibox and lets the users have an easy experience. Apart from these
advantages, it is also easily customizable and comes with a range of apps and themes. You
can add different extensions to increase productivity.
2. Mozilla Firefox
Firefox was found slower than Chrome and therefore it stayed the
second choice for many people. But that was several versions ago. The new
Firefox is faster and smoother. If you do not like Chrome because it is a Google
based product, you can switch to Firefox.
3. Opera
Opera is another popular name in the browser industry. While it has several
attractive features (such as an inbuilt adblocker), it generally stays behind the
two most popular browsers. But this should not mean you should not try Opera.
Some features of Opera include a news reader that lets you access daily news
direct from the browser. All these features are inbuilt into Opera, unlike Firefox
and Chrome that use third party software for these applications. There is also a
snapshot tool that lets you take a screenshot of any page you’re viewing.
4. Apple Safari
Safari is a simple and clean browser with several features that make it a
popular choice. It offers all the basic functionalities – the ability to open
multiple tabs, easy bookmarking, fast speeds, and a plugin library.
While Safari is mostly used on Mac, it can also be used on a PC. But on
PC, Safari will be like just another browser. However, if you use Mac and
iPhones, you’ll love the cross-platform compatibility that it offers. You’ll be able to integrate
your data across multiple platforms if you use Safari.
TWO TYPES OF WEB PAGES
1. Static Web Pages
Static web pages contain content that do not change or not capable of typing in new
data. They may only change if the actual HTML file is manually edited. They are generally
available to users without restriction. An example is a page that contains school or company
information. The content of the said page will not change every day unless the HTML file is
manually edited by a programmer who maintains it.
To access the page of viewing, a browser running in a client computer makes the request
to the Web server. The computer (or browser)that is making the request is called a client. When
requesting for a static page, the server will respond by transmitting to the client the HTML file
to be displayed in the browser as a Web page.
Blogs, documentation, and website designing are the most regular usage of static
websites. By using generators or scratch the writing of Blogs and documentation becomes
easy.
2. Dynamic Web Pages
A webapp is a collection of dynamic Web pages. These web pages are temporary pages
that are created on-demand. This means that dynamic pages or parts of it do not exist and
are only created when there is a request. Content in dynamic pages may be restricted to
some users and will only be displayed once identification has been established. This is done by
asking users to enter their username and password on the login page. A good example of this
is when you login to your Yahoo e-mail account to check and to send e-mails. Moreover, the
list of e-mail messages changes as it arrives or as the list is deleted or is moved to another
folder.
Requesting for a dynamic page for display in the browser is more complicated compared
to a static page. The URL of a dynamic page is longer and often temporary. This means that
you cannot take note of the URL displayed on the address bar and expect to the same page
to be displayed when you used it.
Dynamic pages have the capability to decide what to display on the browser through the
insertion of scripts. A script is a set of commands that you issue. Scripting is like programming,
but it does not require much from you in terms of training and resources. Using scripts, however,
still requires you to learn its language. Every script has a specific way of issuing commands to
the computer or browser, and each has its own capabilities and limitations.HTML is a scripting
language but is limited to creating HTML elements and does not have the capability to enable
pages to become interactive. Scripts other than HTML allow you to make your page
interactive. This interactivity is what makes pages dynamic.
Examples of Dynamic Websites are writing blogs, e-commerce sites, calendar, to-do
sites and other types of sites which needs updating frequently.
A simple way to find out whether it is a dynamic site or not, if you are interacting with it,
definitely it is a dynamic web page.
CREATING A DYNAMIC WEBSITE USING WIX
Wix is a Cloud-based platform for making websites. And the interesting thing is it gives
the facility to make the website free. It gives us a very unique way of developing a website
with different tools. These tools are very user-friendly. With simple drag and drop, we can
customize our website.
1. On your browser, go to www.wix.com. Click “Get Started”.

2. Sign up using your email, Facebook, or Google account. Then, click “Get Started” again to
proceed with the tutorial or click “skip” to skip the tutorial.
3. Click “Get My Site” to select the style and pages you want, and the site generate a unique
site for you in minutes.

4. Decide on what kind of website you want to make then click “Next”. Also, click “Next” in
the next step where you are asked to import content. Then, review your details by clicking the
next button again. Lastly, pick a theme for your website and click “continue”.
5. Choose a template for your homepage design. Then, add necessary pages suitable to your
site. You can add many other pages by clicking “+ Add Page”. Lastly, click ‘Edit Site”.

6. Customize your site. Change the photo to your own photos, change the details and text.
Add text related to your site. Make sure to personalize your own site. After all these processes,
click “PUBLISH” and your site is now ready to go.
7. Choose a domain to publish your site on. Use a free wix.com domain. Remember the whole
website name you created, example: https://alexisquizon0325.wixsite.com/alexisoboutique
Then, click “Publish and Continue”.

Tell Me More

ACTIVITY 4: Visit my Own Website!

DIRECTIONS: Using www.wix.com, create your own website. You can make a website for online
shop, blog, services, education, and others. Use the steps mentioned in the discussion above.
Customize and personalized all the elements in your websites. Use your own photos and edit
all the text on the template. Send the link for your newly created Wix.com website (e,g.
https://alexisquizon0325.wixsite.com/alexisoboutique) via Facebook messenger.
 Show and Tell

ACTIVITY 5: REFLECT
DIRECTIONS: Reflect to the following questions. Use a minimum of three (5) sentences and a
maximum of five (10) sentences.
1. How can we use the computer, the internet, and the social media in combatting the spread
of misinformation or “fake news’?
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2. How can you say that a website is properly created? What design elements and information
it must contain?
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 References

Websites
• https://smallbusiness.chron.com/four-fundamental-elements-network-65817.html

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/Computer-Network-Components/

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_services.htm

• https://kingpinbrowser.com/blog/web-browser-types/

• https://sites.google.com/site/librarysites2012/2-types-of-web-pages

• https://www.wix.com/