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Statistics and Probability Reviewer

The document explains the concepts of discrete and continuous random variables, including their definitions, examples, and properties. It details how to find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a probability distribution, particularly focusing on normal distributions and their characteristics. Additionally, it describes the standard normal curve and the area under the normal curve.

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Mary Argie Briagas
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11 views3 pages

Statistics and Probability Reviewer

The document explains the concepts of discrete and continuous random variables, including their definitions, examples, and properties. It details how to find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a probability distribution, particularly focusing on normal distributions and their characteristics. Additionally, it describes the standard normal curve and the area under the normal curve.

Uploaded by

Mary Argie Briagas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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● Discrete random variable has a

STATISTICS AND countable number of possible


PROBABILITY values
● Continuous random variable
RANDOM VARIABLE a variable who can assume endless number of
possible values are determined by values in one to another interval
chance
- A numerical quantity that is EXAMPLES
derived from the outcomes of a DISCRETE CONTINUOUS
random experiment
Number of pens Amount of sugar
RANDOM EXPERIMENT can be inside the box in the coffee
repeated numerous times under the Number of ripe Length of electric
same conditions and its results must be bananas in the wires
independent to one another basket
Example: tossing a coin in a random
experiment DISCRETE PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION is listing of all possible
OUTCOME the result of the random values of a discrete random variable
experiment along their corresponding probabilities
Example: possible outcome of tossing a and can be presented in tabular,
coin is a head or tail graphical or formula form

SAMPLE SPACE set of possible PROPERTIES OF PROBABILITY


outcomes of a random experiment DISTRIBUTION
Example: sample space of tossing a 1. The probability of each value of a
coin is S= {H,T} discrete random variable is
between 0 and 1 inclusive
STEPS ON FINDING THE VALUE OF 2. The sum of all the probabilities is
A RANDOM VARIABLE ON ANY 1
EVENT OR EXPERIMENT
1. Assign letters that will represent MEAN OF DISCRETE PROBABILITY
each outcome DISTRIBUTION also called the
2. Determine the sample space (the expected value and the weighted
possible outcomes) average of all the values that the
3. Count the number of the random random variable x would assume in the
variable long run

Random variables can be distinguished


as discrete and continuous
Where:
● X= discrete random variable
● x= outcome or value of the
random variable
● P(x)= probability of the outcome x
PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
To compute the mean
1. Distribution curve is bell-shaped
1. Multiply the x values to its
corresponding probability P(x)
2. Add all the products you obtain in
(a) to get the mean 2. The curve is symmetrical about
its center and the mean, median,
FORMULA OF THE VARIANCE and mode coincide at the center

To find the variance of a probability 3. Tails of the curve flatten out


distribution indefinitely along the horizontal
1. Multiplying the square of each axis and always approaching the
outcome by its corresponding axis but never touching it –
probability asymptotic curve to the base line
2. Summing those products
3. Subtracting the square of the
mean

FORMULA OF THE STANDARD 4. The total area under the normal


DEVIATION curve is 100% or 1

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION also known Normal curves have different shapes


as Gaussian distribution where the and can be used to represent variables
values of a random variable are The shape and the position of a normal
distributed symmetrically distribution curve depends on the
- It’s graph named as the normal following:
curve, a bell-shaped curve 1. Mean of the distribution
- Significant distribution for a determines the location of the
continuous random variable center of the graph
- On graph, changing the mean,
means shifting the whole curve
left or right on the x-axis
2. Standard deviation measures the
height and width of the graph
a. Large value of standard
deviation– short and wide
b. Small value of standard
deviation– tall and thin

Two normal distributions with the same


mean values but different standard
deviations

Two normal distributions with the same


standard deviations but with different
means

Two normal distributions with different


means and different standard deviations

STANDARD NORMAL CURVE a


normal probability distribution has mean
of 0 and a standard deviation of 1

AREA UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE


can be found by using the areas under
the standard normal curve table and
these areas are regions under the
normal curve

“The universe will grant your deepest


wishes that you desired” – Lemiel

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