EXPERIMENT NO 18
DECTECTION OF CATION AND ANION IN THE GIVEN SALT SAMPLE
SAMPLE 10- AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
AIM- to detect the cation and anion in the given salt sample.
INSTRUCTION- i) Make a solution of the sample in a suitable solvent to obtain the
stock solution .
ii)take this stock solution to identify the cation in the sample using NaOH and
NH4OH as reagents and confirm the cation.
iii) applying logical steps of analysis deduce the anion in the given sample.
iv) write your observations and inference with relevant equations.
PROCEDURE
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1) Colour of the sample White Absence of Cu2+ and Fe2+
ions.
2) Texture Crystalline Absence of Oxides and
Carbonates
3) Making of stock solution- Sample dissolves giving a Sample is water soluble .
add water to a small clear solution water is the solvent used
amount of sample taken in to make the stock
test tube solution/OS
4) CATION ANALYSIS Clear solution observed Cation may be K +, Na+ or
a) To the OS add NaOH first NH4+ ions
little then in excess.
b) To the OS add NH4OH Clear solution observed Cation may be K +, Na+ or
first little then in excess. NH4+ ions
c) On conducting Flame test No colour is imparted to Anion may be NH4+ ion
the flame
5) On adding NaOH to the Evolution of a pungent Gas may be Ammonia
sample and heating smelling colourless gas
gently.
6) On testing the gas with Moist red litmus turns Gas is alkaline. May be
moist red and blue litmus. blue. Moist blue litmus no Ammonia
change
7) Confirmatory test for the
gas
i) Introduce filter paper Filter paper turns brown Gas is confirmed to be
dipped in Nesseler’s from white Ammonia
reagent to the gas.
ii) Bring a glass rod Dense white fumes seen Gas is confirmed to be
dipped in Ammonia. Fumes are of
concentrated Ammonium Chloride
Hydrochloric acid Cation in the sample is
near the mouth of NH4+ ion
the test tube.
8) ANION ANALYSIS
a) To the sample add dil.HCl No effervescence seen Anion is not CO32-, SO32-
S2-
Anion may be SO42-, Cl-
or NO3-
b) To the OS addBaCl2 Clear solution seen Anion is not SO42-, may
solution be Cl- or NO3-
c) I) To the OS add AgNO3 Curdy white precipitate Anion may be Chloride ion
solution seen.
ii) to the above add Curdy white precipitate Anion is Chloride ion.
excess NH4OH solution dissolves to from clear Clear solution is due to
solution the dissolution of
insoluble AgCl in NH4OH
to form soluble diammine
Silver Chloride
iii) to the above add White Precipitate Due to the formation of
dil.HNO3 reappears insoluble AgCl. Chloride
anion confirmed
FINAL DEDUCTION-
1) IUPAC NAME OF THE SALT- AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
2) SOLUBILITY – salt is water soluble
3) EQUATION S FOR CATION ANALYSIS
i) NH4Cl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NO REACTION
Little and excess
ii) NH4Cl (aq) + NH4OH (aq) → clear solution
iii) NaOH + NH4Cl → NaCl + NH3 ↑ + H2O
Ammonium Chloride is a salt of volatile alkali, Ammonium Hydroxide.
Non- volatile alkalis like NaOH/ KOH/ Ca(OH)2 displace volatile alkali
from the salt of the volatile alkali
4) ANION ANALYSIS
I) NH4Cl + HCl → no reaction
II) NH4Cl (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → no reaction
III) Step 1- NH4Cl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl↓ + NH4NO3
IV) Step2 - AgCl + 2NH4OH (aq) → [Ag (NH3)2]Cl + 2H2O
Excess
Step 3- [Ag (NH3)2]Cl + 2HNO3→ AgCl ↓ + 2NH4NO3
INSTRUCTION REGARDING DIAGRAMS WILL BE GIVEN IN CLASS.
