ACTIVITY # 2: SOLUTIONS

Solve the following problems. Show clean and complete details of your work for
each number.

1. A pipe used to fill a tank can fill the tank alone in 8 hours. A drain pipe can empty the
tank in 12 hours. If the tank is being filled for 6 hours while the drain pipe is accidentally left
open, how long would it take to fill the tank if after 6 hours the drain pipe is closed?
A. 8 hours C. 10 hours
B. 9 hours D. 12 hours

Solution:

Let: x = the time for the pipe to fill the tank after the drain is closed

Rate Time Part of work

Pipe 1/8 6+x ( 1/8 )( 6 + x )
Drain 1/12 6 ( 1/12 )6

Equation:
6x 6
 1
8 12
Multiply by 12( 8 ) 12( 6 + x ) – 8( 6 ) = 96
72 + 12x – 48 = 6
12x = 72
x=6

Therefore the total time is 6 + x = 12 hours.

2. Thirty men can do a job in 80 days. Twenty men started the job. After 30 days, 10 men
were added. On the 56th day 20 new additional workers were hired. In how many days
was the project has finished?
A. 100 C. 76
B. 98 D. 68

Solution:

Equate total man – days.

30( 80 ) = 20( 30 ) + 30( 25 ) + 50x

x = 21
Total number of days = 30 + 25 + 21
Total number of days = 76

3. Three men can assemble 3 kiddie chairs in 5 days. How many kiddie chairs can 5 men
assemble in 6 days?
A. 5 C. 8
B. 6 D. 12

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 Solution:
35  56 

3 x
x=6

4. Admission tickets to a theatre were P 60 for adults and P 25 for children. The total
amount collected was P 14,000 and the total attendance was 280 persons. How many
adults attended that day?
A. 80 C. 180
B. 120 D. 200

Solution:

Let: x = the number of adults attended

280 – x = the number of children attended

Equation: 60x + 25( 280 – x ) = 14,000

60x + 7,000 – 25x = 14,000
35x = 7,000
x = 200

5. A man invests P 4,000 at one interest rate and invests P 5,000 at a rate 1% greater
than the first. Find the rate of the interest of the first investment if the total income annually
is P 156.
A. 2.16 % C. 1.44 %
B. 1.18 % D. 2.26%

Solution:

Let: x = the rate of interest of the first investment

x + 0.01 = the rate of interest of the second investment

Equation: 4,000( x ) + 5,000( x + 0.01 ) = 156

4,000x + 5,000x + 50 = 156
9,000x = 106
x = 0.0118 or 1.18%

6. Find x so that x – 2, 2x + 2, 9x + 3 form an arithmetic progression. What is the common

difference?
A. 5/2 C. 10/3
B. 8/3 D. 9/2

Solution:

Common difference = succeeding term – preceding term

( 2x + 2 ) – ( x – 2 ) = ( 9x + 3 ) – ( 2x + 2 )
x = 0.50

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 d = ( 2x + 2 ) – ( x – 2 )
d = ( 2( 0.5 ) + 2 ) – ( 0.50 – 2 )
d = 9/2

7. Find the common ratio if ( 7a – 1 ), ( 3a + 1 ), 5 forms a geometric progression.

A. 1/2 C. 1/4
B. 1/3 D. 1/5

Solution:
7a – 1, 3a + 1, 5 ------------ G.P.

3a  1 5

7a  1 3a  1
9a2 + 6a + 1 = 35a – 5
9a2 – 29a + 6 = 0
( 9a – 2 )( a – 3 ) = 0
2
a= and a=3
9
5
If a = 2/9, the numbers are: 5/9, 5/3, 5 ----- the common ratio, r = = 3.
5/3
5
If a = 3, the numbers are: 20, 10, 5 --------- the common ratio, r = = 1/2.
10

Therefore r = 1/2.

8. Rolls of carpet are stack in layers so that the top layer has 3 rolls and each lower layer
has one roll than the layer above it. If there are 21rolls at the bottom, how many rolls of
carpet are there in all?
A. 228 C. 232
B. 218 D. 215

Solution:
a1 = 3
a2 = 4
a3 = 5 S=
n
 a1  an 
2

S=
19
 3  21 
2
S = 228
an = 21

an = a1 + ( n – 1 )d
21 = 3 + ( n – 1 )( 1 )
n = 19

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 9. Julie Anne plans to save a part of her salary for Christmas vacation. She saved P 1,000
in January, P 1,200 in February, P 1,440 in March, and so on increasing by 20% in each
succeeding month. How much money will she have in December after she has the 12 th
savings?
A. P 32,720 C. P 28,660
B. P 24,490 D. P 39,580

Solution:

1,000, 1,200, 1,440, . . . ----- G.P. with a1 = 1,000, r = 1.2, and n = 12.

S=

a1 1  r n 
1 r

S=

1,000 1   1.2 
12

1  1.2
S = P 39,580

10. If 1/3 of air in a tank is removed in each stroke of an air pump, find the amount of air
removed in the tank after the 5th stroke.
A. 92.18% C. 79.54%
B. 65.82% D. 86.83%

Solution:

Let: V = amount of air present in the tank at the start.

1st stroke: removed = 1/3V remaining: 2/3V

2nd stroke: removed = ( 1/3 )( 2/3V ) = 2/9V remaining: ( 2/3 – 2/9 )V = 4/9V
3rd stroke: removed = ( 1/3 )( 4/9V ) = 4/27V remaining: ( 4/9 – 4/27 )V = 8/27V

The air removed form a G.P. with a1 = 1/3, and r = 2/3. Find the sum when n = 5.

S=

a1 1  r n 
1 r
1   2 
5

1   
3  3  

S=
2
1
3
S = 0.8683 or 86.83%

11. Find the middle term in the expansion of ( x2 + 2y )6.

A. 120x4y2 C. 150x6y3
B. 180x8y2 D. 160x6y3

Solution:

When expanded, there are 7 terms, therefore the middle term is the 4th term.

U = x2 V = 2y n=6 r=4

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 rth term = nCr – 1 Un – r + 1 Vr – 1
4th term = 6C3 ( x2 )6 – 4 + 1 ( 2y )3
4th term = 160x6y3

12. A company owns stock in HBF selling at P 54 per share, GCG selling at P 65, and BTB
selling at P 105 per share. The company owns equal shares of HBF and GCG and five
times as many shares of BTB. If this portfolio is worth P 450,800, how many shares of BTB
does the company owns?
A. 4,200 C. 3,500
B. 2,800 D. 5,000

Solution:

Let: x = no. of shares of HBF

y = no. of shares of GCG
z = no. of shares of BTB

54x + 65y + 105z = 450,800 ------------- ( 1 )

x = y or x – y = 0 ---------------------- ( 2 )
z = 5x or - 5x + z = 0 ---------------------- ( 3 )

By Calculator: x = 700, y = 700, z = 3,500

Therefor the company owns 3,500 shares of BTB.

13. Find the sum of the infinite series 36, 18, 9 . . . .

A. 102 C. 84
B. 72 D. 120

Solution:
a1
S=
1 r
36
S=
1
1
2
S = 72

14. Working together Manny and Kelly can design a web site in 6 hours. Working alone
however, Manny would design the web site in 2 hour less time than Kelly. How long would
it take Kelly alone to design the web site?
A. 10.3 hrs C. 13.1 hrs
B. 11.7 hrs D. 12.2 hrs

Solution:

Let: x = the time of Kelly to design the web site

x – 2 = the time for Manny to design the web site

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 1 1 1
 
x x2 6
x = 13.1 hrs

15. A square has a side of 20 cm. A second square is drawn by connecting the midpoints
of the sides of the first square. A third square is drawn by connecting the midpoints of the
sides of the second square, and so on. If this process continues indefinitely, find the sum
of the areas of all the squares, including the first.
A. 600 cm2 C. 800 cm2
B. 1,200 cm2 D. 1,000 cm2

Solution:
20

10 2
10

10 20

10 2

A1 = ( 20 )2 = 400, 
A2 = 10 2  2
= 200, A3 = ( 10 )2 = 100

The areas form an IGP with a1 = 400, and r = 1/2.

a1
A=
1 r
400
A=
1  1/ 2
A = 800 cm2

16. There are 4 arithmetic means between 8 and 128. Find the 10th term.
A. 200 C. 212
B. 224 D. 232

Solution:
8, ___, ___, ___, ___, 128

an = a1 + ( n – 1 )d
128 = 8 + ( 6 – 1 )d
d = 24

an = a1 + ( n – 1 )d
a10 = 8 + ( 10 – 1 )( 24 )
a10 = 224

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 17. Three brothers Art, Bert, and Charles divided a gift from their father an amount of P
48,000. Bert’s share is twice that of Art. Their shares in the same order form an arithmetic
progression. How much is Charles’ share?
A. P 8,000 C. P 6,000
B. P 24,000 D. P 30,000

Solution:

Let: A = Art’s share

B = Bert’s share
C = Charles’ share

A + B + C = 48,000 -------------------------- ( 1 )
B = 2A ------- 2A – B = 0 --------- ( 2 )
B – A = C – B ------- - A + 2B – C = 0 ---- ( 3 )

By calculator: C = P 30,000

18. The 6th term of a harmonic progression is 12, and the 10th term is 6. Find the 18th term.
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5

Solution:

HP -------- h6 = 12, h10 = 6, find h18.

AP -------- a6 = 1/12, a10 = 1/6, find a18.

Consider the AP.

an = am + ( n – m )d ----- a10 = a6 + ( 10 – 6 )d
1/6 = 1/12 + 4d
d = 1/48

an = am + ( n – m )d ----- a18 = a6 + ( 18 – 6 )d
a18 = 1/12 + 12( 1/48 )
a18 = 1/3

Therefore h18 = 1/a18 = 3.

19. Find the sum of the positive integers divisible by 3 from 52 to 110.
A. 1,236 C. 1,486
B. 1,342 D. 1,539

Solution:

From: 52 to 110 ------- a1 = 54 and an = 108.

an = a1 + ( n – 1 )d
108 = 54 + ( n – 1 )( 3 )
n = 19

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 S
n
 a1  an 
2

S
19
 54  108 
2
S = 1,539

20. A swimming pool has 2 pipes A and B to be used for filling with B bigger than A. The
small pipe A working alone can fill a pool in 90 minutes. At a certain day when the pool is
empty, this pipe A is put into operation to fill the pool. After 60 minutes of operation the
bigger pipe B is opened and the 2 pipes fill the pool completely in 10 minutes more. How
long would it take the bigger pipe B alone to fill the pool?
A. 60 minutes C. 45 minutes
B. 54 minutes D. 72 minutes

Solution:

Let: x = time in minutes for the bigger pipe B to fill the pool alone.

Pipe Rate Time Part of work

A 1/90 70 min 70( 1/90 )
B 1/x 10 min 10( 1/x )

Equation:
1
 70   1  10   1
90 x
10 7
 1
x 9

10 2

x 9
x = 45 minutes

21. The sum of the first “ n “ terms of the series is 3n – 2 – 6. Find the seventh term.
A. 162 C. 512
B. 114 D. 518

Solution:

a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7

The seventh term ( a7 ) is the difference between the sum of the first 7 terms and
the sum of the first 6 terms, hence,

a7 = ( 37 – 2 – 6 ) – ( 36 – 2 – 6 )
a7 = 162

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 22. In the binomial expansion of ( x + y )n, find the 5th term if the coefficient of the 3rd and
the 11th terms are equal to each other.
A. 792x7y5 C. 824x5y5
B. 526x6y6 D. 495x8y4

Solution:

In the arrangement of terms, we have

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 a11 a12 a13

coefficients are equal

Therefore there are 13 terms in the expansion, and the value of n is 12.

rth term = nCr – 1 un – r + 1v r – 1

5th term = 12C4 x12 – 5 + 1y5 – 1
5th term = 495x8y4

23. In the expansion of ( 2x + 3 )8, find the sum of the coefficients of all the terms.
A. 384,064 C. 322,924
B. 328,526 D. 352,406

Solution:
Sc = ( 2( 1 ) + 3 )8 – 38
Sc = 384,064

24. Find the 6th term of the series 2, 5, 10, 17 . . . .

A. 50 C. 51
B. 65 D. 68

Solution:

2 5 10 17 26 37
+3 +5 +7 +9 + 11

25. Find the next term of the series 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ___.

A. 15 C. 21
B. 18 D. 24

Solution:

The numbers are called Fibonacci numbers which are formed by the sum of the 2
preceding terms, that is

an = an – 1 + an – 2
an = 13 + 8
an = 21

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