UNIT - 2: OPERATING WEB

1. Web-based Application is an application that can be accessed via a web browser over a network
connection.
2. Online Reservation System is a system that allows users to book or cancel tickets through the
Internet.
3. E-Governance -The use of electronic information and communication technology (ICT) tools by
the government to provide services to citizens.
4. Online Shopping is an e-commerce application where customers purchase goods over the Internet.
5. Online Course is a structured learning experience delivered through the Internet that allows
students to learn at their own pace.
6. Online Tutorial is a guided lesson available over the Internet to teach specific topics through
videos, slides, or interactive content.
7. Webinar is a real-time lecture or seminar conducted over the Internet, allowing participants to ask
questions and receive answers.
8. Video/slide tutorials where the video or slides of lectures are available. The learner can visit the site
and view the tutorials
9. Online Test is a digital assessment tool that enables students to evaluate their knowledge in a
particular subject.
10. National e-Governance Plan (NeGP)
A government initiative aimed at improving public services through the use of information and
communication technology.
11. National e-Governance Division (NeGD) An organization responsible for implementing e-
governance projects and policies in India.
12. Mission Mode Projects Specific e-governance projects focused on key services such as taxation,
land records, and transport.
13. A project is a task that is undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
14. A web application is a program that is stored on a remote server.( Ex:quiz, a game, or a bill
calculator.)

Points to remember:

 india.gov.in National Portal of India, which provides a single window access to information and
services being provided by the various Indian Government entities.
 goidirectory.nic.in (Government of India Web Directory) is a one point source to access all Indian
Government websites at all levels and from all sectors.
 Online Educational Sites -http://www.khanacademy.org/,w3schools.com. etc.

Advantages of Online Reservation System:

Advantages for consumers Advantages for
Providers
Convenient Requires Less Staffing
Price Comparison No Spatial Restrictions
Security: Global Access
Confirmation of Reservation
Making Choices
Time Saving
Discount Scheme
Precautions while Performing Online Transactions
1. Make a password complex, like mix case, use numbers and special characters.
2. Be cautious not to leave passwords around and do not share them with friends.
3. Never use names of near and dear ones as passwords.

key characteristics of a project

 A project has a beginning and an end.
 A project has a specific time frame.
 A project is complete when its end objectives are achieved.

Phases in a Web Application Project:

During the development process, one needs to follow the following four main phases of development:
1) Requirements Definition Phase
2) Design Phase
3) Implementation Phase
4) Testing Phase

Phase Key components Description

Feasibility  Technical Feasibility: Check if the project is
technically possible.
 Economic Feasibility: Assess cost-effectiveness and
1.Requirement profitability.
Definition Phase  Decision: Proceed if feasible, otherwise halt.
Scope  List and describe required features
 Establish goals for the application.
Identify limitations and constraints.
Web Application Structure of the website, including pages and their
Map interconnections.

2. Design Phase Database Design Identify required tables and attributes (columns, data
types).
Define relationships between tables
Page Structure Define the structure of pages (header, content, sidebar,
etc.).
Backend Database Create database and tables using SQL.
Establish necessary relationships and attributes.
3. Implementation Frontend Build the user interface based on the design.
Phase Development Implement forms with appropriate input controls (radio
buttons, checkboxes, etc.).
Data Connectivity Establish communication between frontend and backend
Application Testing - Test both frontend and backend with various data sets.
- Identify and fix bugs.
4. Testing Phase Validation - Validate fixes by testing modified code.
- After final validation, the application is ready for release.
 Acronyms
Acronyms Expansion
ICT Information and Communication Technology

LAN Local Area Network

NICNET National Informatics Centre Network

DISNIC District Information System of the National Informatics Centre

NeGP National e-Governance Plan

DEITY Department of Electronics and Information Technology

DAR&PG Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances

NeGD National e-Governance Division

IRCTC Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation

MoCIT Ministry of Communications and Information Technology

RTI Right to Information

 QUESTION BANK
1. Which of the following is not a part of Implementation Phase ?
(A)Back-end database (B) Front-end (C) Data connectivity (D) None of these
2. A/An _________ is a task that is undertaken to create a unique product, service or
result.
Ans: Project
3. In this phase we identify the problem statement for which the “web application” is
to be developed.
(a) Requirement Definition Phase (b) Design Phase
(c) Implementation Phase (d) Test Phase
4. ___________ are real-time lectures, where users participate in the lecture, may ask
questions and get their queries answered.
Ans: Webinars
5. Which of the following is an example of e-governance?
a) Online shopping b) Filing income tax returns online
c) Watching a movie online d) Playing an online game
6. A webinar is an example of:
a) Pre-recorded video b) Online text-based discussion
c) Live interactive session d) None of these
7. Differentiate between a webinar and a video tutorial.
Ans: A webinar is a live interactive session where participants can ask questions
and engage in discussions, whereas a video tutorial is a pre-recorded video that
provides instructional content.
8. Mention two advantages of using online reservation systems.
Ans: 1.Saves time and effort for users.
2. Provides real-time availability and booking confirmation.
9. Define digital payment systems and mention two advantages for businesses.
Ans: Digital payment systems allow electronic transactions without physical cash.
Two advantages for businesses are:
1. Faster and more secure transactions.
2. Reduces cash handling costs and fraud risks.
10.What are the different payment methods while buying online?
Ans: Cash On Delivery, Net banking, Credit / Debit Card, PayPal, e-Gift Voucher,
Wire Transfer, Google Pay, UPI, Paytm, NEFT, RTGS.
11.Which of the following is not a key characteristic of a project?
(a) A project has a beginning and an end
(b) A project has a specific time frame
(c) A project has no boundaries
(d) The objective of the project is specific and identifiable
12.An application that can be accessed via a web browser, over a network connection
is called a __________ application.
Ans : Web-Based
13.Name any one e-governance website of India.
Ans: india.gov.in, cbase.nic.in, godirectory.nic.in, nceg.gov.in,
incometaxindiaefiling.gov.in, indiapost.gov.in, passportindia.gov.in, epfindia.gov.in,
upsc.gov.in
14.Give examples of any two online educational websites.
Ans: khanacademy.org, eagetutor.com, udacity.org, edx.org, w3schools.com,
GCFLearnFree.org, Coursera.org, ncert.nic.in, byjus.com or any other.
15.Create backend database, frontend, and the connectivity between them comes
under which phase?
(a) Requirement Definition (b) Design (c) Implementation (d) Testing
16.How does e-governance benefit its citizens?
Ans:
1. E-governance benefits its citizens by providing them with quality information
and better services.
2. It enables citizens to access information directly without paying any money to a
middleman or a tout.
3. It provides online services.
17.Write the name of different phases of making a web application.
Ans: The different phases of making a web application are:
1. Requirements Definition Phase
2. Design Phase
3. Implementation Phase
4. Testing Phase
18.What is web application ? Explain.
Ans: A web application is a program that is stored on a remote server, is online, and
is delivered over the Internet through a web browser interface.
Web applications can serve various purposes, such as:
Interactive platforms like quizzes, games, or calculators
Transactional systems like online shopping or bill payment portals
They provide 24/7 availability and allow users to access services from anywhere
with an internet connection.
19.Write down five key characteristics of project.
Ans:
 A Project Has a Defined Beginning and End.
 A Project Requires Finite Resources.
 A Project Has a Specific Time Frame.
 A Project Is Complete When Objectives Are Achieved.
 A Project Requires Project Management.
20.NeGD stands for ________.
Ans : National e-Governance Division
21.In which phase of web based application development, will the feasibility of the
project be checked ?
Ans : Requirement Definition Phase
22.Name any two educational websites.
Ans : Khan Academy
Udacity
23.In a web application development process, data connectivity between front-end
interface and back-end database happens in the ________phase.
Ans : Implementation Phase
24.Name any two ICT tools that can be used for e-Governance.
Ans :  Internet
 Local Area Network (LAN)
25.Give any one benefit of online shopping to the consumer.
Ans : Convenience: Consumers can shop from anywhere at any time without
visiting a physical store
26.Complete the sentence:
The web-based online applications can be broadly categorized into_____.
Ans : Applications that require financial online transactions and applications that
provide information and allow interaction via filling forms, posting query, viewing
information, sending email or chatting.
27.Name the National Portal of India.
Ans : india.gov.in
28.Internet transactions are susceptible to frauds. The combination of username
and password is the most common method of user identification and
Authentication. List anyone some actions that can be taken to make the
passwords safer.
Ans : Make a password complex, like mix case, use numbers and special
characters.
29.Adrisa wanted to book her flight to attend an international conference on “Women
and AI” . She needs to book her tickets using on online reservation system. Help her
to follow the correct sequence of steps to do the same.
A. Make the payment
B. Open the online reservation website
C. Choose the dates of travel
D. Browse and search for the required information
a) B, D, C, A b) A, B, C, D c) A, D, C, B d) B, A, D, C
30.State True or False
Fixing of all the application bugs and fixing them is part of the Testing Phase of
the project.
Ans : TRUE
31.How does e-governance benefits its citizens?
Ans : E-governance empowers the citizens socially and economically, and
enhances
their lives by providing them with quality information and better services.
32.a) Name any two educational websites that provide online courses for free, in
collaboration with various universities across the globe.
Ans : Coursera.org and edx.org provide high quality online courses for free, in
collaboration with various universities across the globe.
b)What is a project?
Ans : A project is a task that is undertaken to create a unique product, service,
or result.
c) The process of development of web based applications is broadly categorized in
four phases. List down the Phases in a Web Application Project.
Ans : :The process of development of web based applications is broadly
categorized in four phases.
1) Requirements Definition Phase
2) Design Phase
3) Implementation Phase
4) Testing Phase
33.____________ are real time lectures, where users participate in the lecture, may
ask questions and get their queries answered.
Ans : Webinars
34.Name one front end and one Back-end application to create Web Applications.
Ans : : Front end Java NetBeans Back end MySQL
35.What is NeGP?
Ans : National e-Governance Plan
36.Mention any one key characteristic of a project.
Ans : A project has a beginning and an end.
37.State True or False.”The data connectivity is established between the Front-End
interface and Back-End Database in the implementation phase.”
Ans : True
38.This portal is a one point source to access all Indian Government websites at all
levels and from all sectors. Name the portal.
Ans : goidirectory.nic.in
39.What do we mean by scope of a project?
Ans : The focus is on "what" the application must do. Recognizing the limitations
that are placed on the project.
40.DEITY stands for: Department of Electronics and Information Technology.
41.There are four main phases of development a Web Application Project.
Statement 1: The scope of the application is decided in the first phase.
Statement 2: The data connectivity is established between the Front-End interface
and Back-End Database in the implementation phase.
Select the correct option:
a. Only Statement 1 is correct
b. Only Statement 2 is correct
c. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct
d. None of the above statements are correct
42.Read the following statements carefully about E-governance
i. It is the use of electronic tools for governance.
ii. It has decreased the transparency in the system.
iii. E-governance empowers the citizens socially and economically.
iv. It enables citizens to access information after paying money.
Choose the correct option from the following:
a. Both i and ii are correct b. Both ii and iii are correct
c. Both i and iii are correct d. Only iv is correct
43.Rajat is compiling a detailed list with a clear description of application features of
his project and recognizing the limitations that are placed on the project. Out of
the given options choose the phase of the project in which Rajat is currently in:
a. Requirements Definition Phase b. Testing Phase
c. Implementation Phase d. Design Phase
44.__________________is an e-commerce application where the customer can
purchase goods over the Internet.
Ans : : Online Shopping(amazon.com)
45.____________of Web Application development problem statement for which the
web application is to be developed is identified.
Ans : : Requirement
46.Requirement, __________, Implementation and Testing are the phases in Web
Application Development.
Ans : Design
47.Mention any one E-Governance initiative taken by the Central Government of
India.
Ans : : Digi locker
48.Name the Indian Government portal for booking train tickets.
Ans : https://www.irctc.co.in
49.Define Front End, with respect to web based application project.
Ans : Front End of a web-based application is the user interface designed with
input fields, buttons, and interactive elements for user interaction and data
collection
50.In which of the following phase of web based application project, we create
backend database, frontend and the connectivity between them ?
(a) Requirement (b) Design (c) Implementation (d) Test

51.How do online tutorials benefit the students? Give any two benefits.
1. Flexible Learning: Students can learn at their own pace, revisiting the
content as many times as needed.
2. Access to Diverse Resources: Online tutorials offer a variety of learning
materials like videos, quizzes, and notes, enhancing understanding.

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