Title: data analysis

Course BST-2193 Biostatistics

Name: Prof. Farida Habib

Title: data analysis

Student Names & IDs

202320022 - Fatima Muhammad Ibrahim

202320034 - Hana Sa'Ed Ali Abu Yaqein

202310233 - Hamda Naseeb Abdalla Alblooshi

202220081 - Dhabyah Saleh Mohamed Alhashmi

202310016 - Maawa Muzamil Elgaili Ibrahim

Objective pf the assignment:

1-introduction

2-type of data analysis

3-tools and techniques

4-steps of data analysis

5-applications in nursing

6-conclusion

7- References
Introduction 202310233 - Hamda Naseeb Abdalla Alblooshi

Biostatistical data analysis is an essential field that combines statistical methods with biological
and health sciences to analyse data and facilitate decision-making in medical and public health
research. This discipline emphasizes the use of quantitative techniques to analyse patterns,
associations, and trends in data gathered from biological experiments, clinical trials,
epidemiological research, and health surveys. The primary aim of biostatistical data analysis is to
obtain significant conclusions that can inform healthcare practices, disease prevention, treatment
approaches, and policy development in biostatistics, data analysis aids researchers in
understanding intricate data sets by pinpointing important factors that influence health results.
For example, biostatisticians might evaluate how environmental factors influence disease rates,
the effects of a new drug on patient recovery, or the connection between genetic markers and the
probability of developing health conditions. Through techniques such as regression analysis,
hypothesis testing, survival analysis, and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), biostatisticians
evaluate correlations, estimate risks, and measure the success of interventions, guaranteeing that
results are statistically sound and dependable the topic of data analysis in biostatistics is crucial
in several areas, including clinical research, epidemiology, genetics, and public health. In clinical
trials, biostatistical methods assist in designing studies, interpreting results, and assessing the
effectiveness of a treatment or intervention. In epidemiology, biostatistics enables researchers to
monitor disease trends, recognize risk factors, and assess prevention methods. Biostatistics is
also crucial in evaluating health disparities and guiding evidence-based health policies in
summary, data analysis within biostatistics is crucial for the progress of healthcare and public
health. This area equips researchers and practitioners with tools and techniques to analyse
intricate biological and health data, facilitating informed decisions, better patient care, and
improved public health results for varied populations.
Type of data analysis 202320022 - Fatima Muhammad Ibrahim

1. Descriptive Analysis: Definition: Data summarization and main character assessment of

datasets form the core of descriptive analysis processes. The method shows data in an organized
manner which helps users find essential traits within their information. The analysis includes
application of measures including mean, median, mode, standard deviation together with
graphical presentations through graphs, charts and histograms. When it is used: You should use
descriptive analysis to understand data characteristics when your assessment cannot go beyond
what the primary information shows. Data summary uses descriptive analytics as the main tool
for discovery purposes to reveal key patterns alongside distributions and trends in the
information. Practical Example: A company performing sales analysis over one year uses
descriptive statistics to calculate monthly average sales while identifying minimum and
maximum sales months through line graph visualizations. ---

2. Inferential Analysis: Definition: Inferential analysis allows researchers to predict outcomes

regarding complete populations through analysis of selected sampling data. Statistical tests such
as t-tests and chi-square tests together with regression analysis allow the method to draw
conclusions or make decisions. The analytical technique extends past available data by enabling
general conclusions or hypothesis testing.

How to apply it: When applying inferential analysis you must perform the following steps: A
group of observations should be obtained from the complete population. Population parameter
calculations and hypothesis testing occur through applying statistical approaches. The study's
conclusions about the population emerge from analysing the sample data with knowledge of both
the confidence level and margin of error consideration.

Practical Example: A researcher tests the blood pressure reduction effect of a new drug by
studying a sample population. The study utilizes a patient sample to evaluate statistically if the
drug treatment results reach significance for the broader demographic. The researcher employs a
t-test to determine blood pressure changes in patients from before-medical-treatment to after-
medical-treatment periods. ---

In summary: The first stage of data evaluation through descriptive analysis focuses on
summarizing existing data while gaining understanding. Analysts use inferential analysis to
predict outcomes based on data collected from samples for the purpose of population
generalization.

Approaches & Tools for Analysing 202310016 - Maawa Muzamil Elgaili Ibrahim

Data In nursing and healthcare research, analysis of data is vital for making decisions and using
evidence. The tools and methods impact the analysis reliability and accuracy of data. Numerous
statistical approaches, as well as certain software applications, make work with healthcare data
simpler.

Key Software Tools for Data Analysis

Microsoft Excel Excel is widely used for basic data analysis, offering built-in functions for
descriptive statistics, pivot tables for data organization, and charting tools for visualization. Excel
is not very effective for larger datasets as well as for intricate models of statistical analysis.

SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) SPSS is a household name in healthcare
research for its statistical capabilities. It also takes care of organizing data, its definition of
testing hypotheses, regression and ANOVA, as well as the friendly interface solves the problems
nursing professionals meeting basic statistical knowledge (Pallant, 2020).

R and Python Very sophisticated statistical programming languages used in the performance of
complicated forms of data analysis. R is popular for statistical modelling, while Python is widely
used because of its libraries Pandas and NumPy which are perfect for data manipulation and
predictive analysis on bigger scales.

Common Data Analysis Techniques

Descriptive Statistics
The type of statistics that describe the data are calculated using the following measures: mean,
median, standard deviation, and frequency distribution tables. They are especially useful for
developing an understanding of what is happening in a dataset.

Inferential Statistics Some statistics like regression analysis or hypothesis testing makes it
possible for the researcher to make predictions and evaluate the relationships among variables
(Pallant, 2020).

The choice of the methods and tools to use determines the effectiveness and accuracy of the data
analysis which is essential in ensuring better healthcare outcomes.
 Step of data analysis 202220081 - Dhabyah Saleh Mohamed Alhashmi

1-Set the necessary phase through determination of the target objective alongside the research
questions and selected key performance indicators (KPIs) that will direct analysis.

2-Collection of data depends on relevant sources including databases APIs and surveys under the
condition of accurate and complete data maintenance.

3-Data preparation involves handling missing values by operating on duplicate entries to

normalize inconsistent data sections for reaching acceptable standards of data format.

4-Explore Data implementation requires multivariate statistical analysis as well as graphical plot
visualization and distribution assessment through correlation analysis methods to determine data
patterns.

5-Various data enhancement processes consisting of new variable production together with
variable normalization and feature encoding and information aggregation work for higher
modelling precision.

6-The application of regression models along with t-tests during statistical analysis reveals trends
while creating prediction models.

7-The analyst takes data outputs to create usable information that upholds business goals through
hypothesis verification.

8-Results communication depends on delivering through customized visual presentations that

have been developed specifically for different target groups.

9-The analysis process needs implementation of strategies from insights that result in process
improvements and further analysis suggestions if required.

10-Business strategies receive model updates along with refinements by tracking performance
data that is collected continuously from stakeholders.

The process creates results from data that enables proper decision-making.
Applications in nursing 202320034 - Hana Sa'Ed Ali Abu
Yaqein

Uses of Data Analysis in Nursing Data analysis is essential in contemporary

nursing, assisting healthcare providers in making knowledgeable choices,
elevating patient care, and increasing overall effectiveness in medical
environments. As digital health records become more prevalent and
technology advances, nurses depend on data analysis to evaluate patient
conditions, anticipate possible health risks, and enhance treatment plans.

1: A major use of data analysis in nursing is enhancing patient care. By

examining patient data, nurses can identify trends that suggest possible
complications, like infections or worsening health issues. For instance,
monitoring vital signs, laboratory results, and medication reactions over time
enables nurses to modify treatments as needed. Moreover, predictive
analytics can assist in avoiding hospital readmissions. By examining
historical patient records, hospitals can pinpoint high-risk individuals and
create tailored care plans to minimize complications.

2: Nurses frequently make important choices while under stress. Data

analysis offers them evidence-backed insights to inform their decisions. For
instance, examining extensive datasets of patient results aids in identifying
the most effective treatment methods for illnesses. This approach based on
data reduces mistakes and enhances the overall quality of healthcare. In
emergency departments, real-time data analysis can help prioritize patients,
making sure that those in severe condition get prompt care while also
optimizing resource distribution for others.

3: Mistakes in medication are a significant issue in healthcare. By analyzing

data, hospitals can recognize frequent prescription errors and implement
preventive actions. For instance, electronic health record (EHR) systems
utilize algorithms to identify possible drug interactions or dosing errors prior
to medication administration. This greatly lowers the chances of negative
drug reactions and enhances patient safety.

4: Hospitals and clinics utilize data analysis to effectively manage staff

workload. By analysing patient admission patterns, healthcare institutions
can anticipate busy periods and guarantee they have sufficient nursing staff
available. This helps avoid burnout for medical personnel and guarantees
that patients obtain prompt care. Additionally, data analysis aids in resource
distribution, including assessing the necessary inventory of medical supplies
and equipment. This avoids shortages and minimizes unnecessary costs.

5. Obstacles in Nursing Data Evaluation Although it offers advantages, data

analysis in nursing encounters difficulties. Concerns regarding data privacy,
inadequate training, and irregular data input can influence precision. To
tackle these challenges, hospitals need to implement secure data
management systems and offer training programs for nurses to comprehend
and use data efficiently. Data analysis is revolutionizing nursing by elevating
patient care, increasing decision-making capabilities, reducing medical
errors, and maximizing hospital resources. As technology progresses, its
influence in healthcare will keep growing, enhancing nursing to be more
efficient and reliant on data. Nurses who adopt data analysis can enhance
patient outcomes and support a more efficient healthcare system.
Conclusion 202310233 - Hamda Naseeb Abdalla Alblooshi

In conclusion، data analysis in biostatistics is crucial for interpreting and utilizing health-related
information, empowering researchers and healthcare workers to make educated choices.
Through the application of statistical methods to examine biological, clinical, and
epidemiological information, biostatistics offers essential understanding of disease patterns,
treatment results, and risk determinants. It serves a crucial function in clinical trials, public
health studies, and policy formulation, guaranteeing that interventions and practices are
supported by evidence and are effective. With the continuous growth of health data, the
significance of biostatistical analysis in advancing public health, steering medical research, and
improving patient care will only heighten, reinforcing its vital role in determining the future of
healthcare
References

descriptive analysis : Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2021). Statistics for the behavioral
sciences (11th ed.). Cengage Learning Inferential analysis ; Howell, D. C. (2020). Fundamental
statistics for the behavioral sciences (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS.
Routledge.

McKinney, W. (2012). Python for data analysis: Data wrangling with Pandas, NumPy, and
IPython. O’Reilly Media

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2021). Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge
(5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.