Logical Skills 1 - Sem 2

Dear Students,

We are excited to embark on this journey of enhancing your analytical and numerical skills
together. This module is designed to equip you with the tools and strategies to tackle complex
problems with precision and efficiency.

Throughout this module, you will be exposed to a diverse range of numerical concepts and
problem-solving techniques that is a cornerstone of success in various fields, from business and
finance to engineering and data science. By developing a strong foundation in this area, you will
be able to make informed decisions, analyze data effectively, and excel in your chosen career
path.

The modules that we will cover in this course are outlined as follows:

Module Topics

1 Data arrangements, Directions and cubes, Blood relations, Syllogism, Attention to

detail and Image interpretation

2 Clocks and calendars, Rebus, Data interpretation, Data sufficiency, Coded

Inequalities, Venn diagrams

3 Coding and decoding, Odd man out, Analogy and Visual reasoning, Dices,
Counting of Geometrical Figures, Alpha Numeric Series, LA-6 (Revision), LA-5

Please note that, our training process includes periodic assessments (Internal and External
Assessments), that will be crucial parts of your learning journey. We encourage you to approach
these assessments with enthusiasm and a positive mindset.

In addition, the assessment rubrics given below will be integral to your overall grading:
 Category Number of Marks Pattern Syllabus
Instances
Internal 3 * 10 30 Number of Questions – 30 Module 1- Assessment 1
Assessment
Duration - 45 mins Module 2- Assessment 2

Module 3- Assessment 3
Attendance 1 5 75% -
Coursera 1 5 - -
Certificate
Class notes 1 5 - -
Group 1 5 - -
activity
External 1 50 Number of Questions – 50 All modules
Assessment
Duration - 75 mins
Total 100 -

We encourage you to actively participate, ask questions, and collaborate with your peers to
maximize your learning experience.

In case of any doubts or clarifications, please approach our expert trainers at room number
CLC06 (Library Block -Reading Hall), write to us at [email protected].
We are thrilled to have you with us and look forward to seeing you thrive in these training
sessions. Let’s embark on this journey together, and make the most of every opportunity to grow
and excel.

Happy Learning with FACE Prep!

 Module 1

1. Data arrangements

2. Directions and Cubes

3. Blood relations

4. Syllogism

5. Attention to detail and Image Interpretation

 DATA ARRANGEMENTS

Concept certain condition, we have to place the

people based on the condition. But in multi-
Concept 1: Linear Arrangement dimensional arrangements, names along
Linear arrangement is to arrange the given with some attributes such as color of their
data in a linear order. E.g.: - The order in dresses, their native places will be given
which the athletes finish a 100 m dash, the along with certain condition, we have to
order in which five students are to be seated arrange according to the given conditions.
in a bench. The arrangement can be done
based on the direct (independent) clues and
indirect (dependent) clues. The indirect PRACTICE QUESTIONS
clues will always depend on the direct clues.
1. Read the following information and
We have to be careful when we have a
answer the questions below:
statement like, “A is to the right of B”. Do
not assume that A is to the immediate right Six swimmers A, B, C, D, E and F
of B. It can be to the second right or to the compete in a race. The outcome is as
third right of B and so on. follows:

Concept 2: Circular Arrangement - Exactly 2 swimmers finish ahead of B.

Circular arrangements are simpler than - Only two swimmers separate E and D.
Linear Arrangements. The major reason is
- A is behind D and E.
that, in linear arrangements, we cannot fix
variables directly. But since there is no - B is ahead of E, with one swimmer in-
starting or ending point in Circular between.
arrangement, we can fix the direct data
- F is ahead of D.
anywhere, from which the indirect clue can
be fixed easily. The shape not necessarily be A) Who stood fifth in the race?
circle but of any shape which has the same a) A
starting and ending point. b) B
c) C
Concept 3: Multidimensional
d) D
Arrangements
e) E
In linear and circular arrangement, we just Answer: E
place the object in given order, but in this
case, we have to arrange the object as well Solution: The first statement in this question
as we have to match it with other attributes is a direct clue that helps us find the position
given. Say for e.g. In linear arrangements, 5 of B.
people name will be given along with __ __ B __ __ __
 1 2 3 4 5 6 b) Shikha
c) Manju
Then we take the fourth statement and fix
d) Rita
the position of E behind B with one
swimmer in between. We can also find the Answer: Rita
position of D with the help of the second
Solution: Consider the directions first and
statement.
then the direct clue
__ D B __ E __
Left ___ Manju ___ Reena
A is behind D and E, so A is in the last place right
(third statement).
Once we consider direct clue, next consider
__ D B __ E A indirect clues with respect to the direct
clues.
The last statement tells that F is in the first
position. Manju Rita Reena
F D B __ E A Only left clue is shikha is to the left of
Reena.
The remaining position is occupied by C.
The final Arrangement is Manju Rita Reena Shika
F D B C E A So based on the final arrangement answer is
Rita.
B) How many swimmers separate A and
F? 3. There are five different houses, P to T
a) 1 in a row. P is to the right of Q. T is to
b) 2 the left of R and right of P. Q is to the
c) 3 right of S. Which house is in the
d) 4 middle?
e) Cannot be determined a) P
b) R
Answer: 4
c) S
Solution: F D B C E A. d) T

According to the final arrangement totally 4 Answer: P

swimmers are between A and F.
Solution: Houses are in a row P Q R S T. All
2. Four girls are sitting on a bench to be are direct clues. So, considering any one
photographed. Shikha is to the left of
P is to the right of Q - Q P
Reena. Manju is to the right of Reena.
Rita is between Reena and Manju. Q is to the right of S - S Q P
Who would be second from the left in
T is to the left of R and right of P - S Q P T
the photograph?
R
a) Reena
4. The questions are based on the
following information
There are six dishes P through U,
among which two are starters, two are
main course dishes and two are
desserts. They are arranged in a
circular order.
- P is adjacent to U A) Which dish is opposite to T?
- R is not adjacent to either Q or T. a) P
- S is a main course and is adjacent b) Q
to the desserts. c) R
- Both the starters are adjacent to d) S
each other. Answer: P
- P is opposite a dessert which is Solution: T is opposite to P
not Q.
B) Which of the following is a correct
The question is based on circular combination?
arrangement. First find out the arrangement. a) Q dessert
6 dishes [P, Q, R, S, T, U], 2- Starters, 2- b) U main course
Main course, 2-desserts. Let us assume that c) Q starter
P and U be starters, since it is given that d) U starter
both the starters are adjacent to each other.
And R and T may be desserts. Answer: U starter
5. Each of the four persons A, B, C and D wear a different coloured shirt - red, pink, blue
and white. A has a red shirt and D does not have a pink shirt. C wears a white shirt.
Match the shirt colours with the right persons

Names Red Pink Blue White

A ☑

Answer:

Name Color

A Red

B Pink

C White

D blue

Solution:
Step 1: D does not have pink shirt so just put cross for pink

Names Red Pink Blue White

A ✓

D x
Step 2: ‘A has red shirt’ is one of direct clues so just tick red for person A and cross for rest of the
colors and rest of the persons.

Names Red Pink Blue White

A ✓ x x x

B x

C x

D x x

Step 3: C wears white shirt

Names Red Pink Blue White

A ✓ x x x

B x x

C x x x ✓

D x x x

Step 4: Now it is clearly visible that B should have pink color and if B has Pink color, D should
have blue color dress.

Names Red Pink Blue White

A ✓ x x x

B x ✓ x x

C x x x ✓

D x x ✓ x
 6. Four girls are sitting on a bench to T is to the left of R and right of P -
be photographed. Shikha is to the SQPTR
left of Reena. Manju is to the right of
8. A, B, C, D, E and F are seated in a circle
Reena. Rita is between Reena and
facing the centre. A and C are seated
Manju. Who would be second from
adjacent to each other and E and B are
the left in the photograph?
also adjacent to each other. B is to the
immediate left of F. There are 2 persons
a) Reena
between D and E. A is not seated
b) Shikha
adjacent to E. Who is to the immediate
c) Manju
left of E?
d) Rita
a) C
Answer: Rita b) B
c) F
Solution: Consider the directions first and
d) Cannot be determined
then the direct clue
Answer: C
Left ___ Manju ___ Reena right
Solution:
Once we consider direct clue, next
consider indirect clues with respect to the
direct clues.

Manju Rita Reena

Only left clue is shikha is to the left of

Reena.

Manju Rita Reena Shika

So, from the second Rita is sitting on a

bench. 9. Five girls are sitting in a row; Rashi is
not adjacent to Sulekha or Abha.
7. There are five different houses, P to T in Anuradha is not adjacent to Sulekha.
a row. P is to the right of Q. T is to the Rashi is adjacent to Monika. Monika is
left of R and right of P. Q is to the right in the middle of the row. Who is
of S. Which house is in the middle?
adjacent to Anuradha?
a) P a) Rashi
b) R b) Sulekha
c) S c) Abha
d) T d) Cannot be determined
Answer: P Answer: Anuradha
Solution: P is to the right of Q - QP Solution: Monika in middle
Q is to the right of S - S Q P ____ ____ Monika ____ _____
 Rashi is adjacent to Monika. She can be on Solution:
either side. Chimney(
Houses Roof(G,R,Y)
W,R,B)
Rashi Monika
Green/Yello
A White
Monika Rashi w
B Red Black
Rashi is not adjacent to sulekha or abha
Green/Yello
C White
Sulekha abha Monika rashi w

Also given anuradha is not adjacent to D Yellow/Red Red/Black

sulekha. So, the arrangement can be
White/Red/
E Green
Sulekha abha monika rashi anuradha Black

So, Rashi will always be adjacent to

11. An algorithm follows a six-step process
anuradha.
za, zb, zc, zd, ze and zf. It is governed by
the following:
- zd should follow ze.
10. Five houses lettered A, B, C, D and E are
- The first may be za, zd or zf.
built in a row. The houses are lined up in
- zb and zc have to be performed after
the order A, B, C, D and E. Each of the
zd.
five houses has a coloured chimney. The
- zc must be immediately after zb.
roof andchimney of each house must be
If za is the first set, zd can be?
painted as follows.
- The roof must be painted green, red or
a) 3 rd
yellow.
b) 4 th
- The chimney must be painted white, black
c) 5 th
or red.
d) More than one of the above
- No house may have the same colour
chimney as the colour of its roof. Answer: More than one of the above
- No house may use any of the same colours
Solution:
that the every next house uses.
- House E has a green roof. Possibility 1 Possibility 2
- House B has a red roof and a black chimney
Za Za
th
Which of the following is true? 4 Position Zf 3rd
Ze
a) Atleast two houses have black chimney.
b) Atleast two houses have red roofs Ze Zd
c) Atleast two houses have white chimneys.
Zd Zb
d) Atleast two houses have green roofs.
Zb Zc
Answer: Atleast two houses have white
Zc Zf
chimneys. Because A and C have white
chimneys.
12. Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting 14. M, N, O, P, Q, R and S are sitting in a row
around a hexagonal table, each at one facing north. R is to the immediate right
corner and are facing the centre of the of Q. Q is 4th to the right of S. O is the
hexagon. A is second to the left of F. B is neighbor of N and P. The person who is
neighbor of C and D. E is second to the third to the left of P is at one of ends. Who
left of D. Who is sitting opposite to A? is /are to the left of O?
a) C a) Only N
b) B b) S, N and P
c) E c) S and N
d) D d) P, Q, R and M

Answer: D Answer: S and N

Solution: Solution: S N O P Q R
M

15. Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting

in two rows, three in each. E is not at the
end of any row. D is second to the left of
F. C the neighbor of E, is sitting
diagonally opposite to D. B is the
neighbor of F.

Which of the following are in one of the two

13. Five girls are sitting on a bench to be rows?
photographed. S is to the left of R and to a) FBC
the right of B. M is to the right of R. Q is b) EB
between R and M. Who is sitting c) DBF
immediate right to Q? d) AEF
a) B
b) R Answer: DBF
c) M Solution:
d) S

Answer: M

Solution: B S R Q M
 DIRECTIONS AND CUBES

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
CONCEPT OF DIRECTIONS
• The most common directions we know are 1. If you start running from a point
North towards north and after covering 4 km,
East you turn to your left and run 5 km and
West then again turn left and run another 6
South km and before finishing you take a left
turn and run for 1 km.
• And few derived directions are How far are you from the starting point?
North - East a) 1√5 km
North - West b) 2√5 km
South – East c) 3√5 km
South – West d) 4√5 km
Answer: 2√5 km
Note: North is always positioned to the left of Solution: Shortest Distance = √2 2+42 =
East. √16+4 = √20 = √4*5 or 2√5

2. If you start running from a point

CONCEPT OF CUBES towards north and after covering 4 km,
Are Cube and cuboid one and same? you turn to your left and run 5 km and
No, because a square when projected to 3D is a then again turn left and run another 6
cube and a rectangle when projected to 3D is a km and before finishing you take a left
cuboid turn and run for 1 km. In which
So, a cube will have all sides to be equal and a direction will you be at the end (with
cuboid need not have it. reference to the starting point)?
A cube will have all sides to be equal and a cuboid a) East
need not have it. b) West
A cube will have c) North
6 faces 3 visible d) South
3 hidden Answer: East
8 corners 4 top corner
4 bottom corner 3. If you start running from a point
towards north and after covering 4 km,
you turn to your left and run 5 km and
12 edges
then again turn left and run another 6
km and before finishing you take a left
turn and run for 1 km. After taking the
second turn, in which direction will you
be running?
 a) East 6. A solid cube of side 8 cm has been
b) West painted red, blue and black on pairs of
c) North opposite faces. It is then cut into cubical
d) South blocks of side 2 cm each. How many
Answer: South cubes have only one face painted?
a) 8
4. If you start running from a point b) 16
towards north and after covering 4 km, c) 24
you turn to your left and run 5 km and d) 28
then again turn left and run another 6 Answer: 24
km and before finishing you take a left Solution: Cubes having only one face
turn and run for 1 km. A child is looking painted i.e 1 Face painted – 6 (n-2)^2 . 1
for his father. He went 90 m east before face – 6 (4-2)^2 =6*4 = 24
turning right. He then went 20 m before
turning to the right again to look at his 7. A solid cube of side 8 cm has been
uncle’s place 30 m from that point. His painted red, blue and black on pairs of
father was not there. From there he went opposite faces. It is then cut into cubical
100 m north, before meeting his father blocks of side 2 cm each. How many
in a street. How far was the father cubes have only two faces painted?
from the starting point? a) 8
a) 80 b) 16
b) 100 c) 20
c) 140 d) 24
d) 260 Answer: 24
Answer: 100 Solution: . Cubes have only two faces
Solution: √602 +80 2 = √3600+6400 = painted 2 face painted – 12 (n-2) 2 face
√10000 = 100m painted –12 (4-2) = 12*2= 24

5. A solid cube of side 8 cm has been 8. A solid cube of side 8 cm has been
painted red, blue and black on pairs of painted red, blue and black on pairs of
opposite faces. It is then cut into cubical opposite faces. It is then cut into cubical
blocks of side 2 cm each. How many blocks of side 2 cm each. How many
cubes have no face painted? cubes have three faces painted?
a) 1 a) 0
b) 4 b) 4
c) 8 c) 6
d) 27 d) 8
Answer: 8 Answer: 8
Solution: 0 face (n-2)^3 Number of rows = Solution: Cubes have 3 faces painted
4 Generally every cube will have only 8 corners
0 face – (4-2)^3 =2^3 = 8 cubes with 3 face painted.
9. A solid cube of side 8 cm has been Solution : Similarly at opposite face will
painted red, blue and black on pairs of have 4 cubes so, totally 8
opposite faces. It is then cut into cubical
blocks of side 2 cm each. How many 12. A cube has the following figures drawn
cubes have three faces painted with on five of its faces: circle, cross, triangle,
three different colours? square and ellipse. The top surface is
a) 0 blank. The ellipse is between the cross
b) 4 and the triangle and the square is on the
c) 8 triangle’s right. The ellipse and the
d) 12 square are opposite to each other.
Answer: 8 A) Where is the circle?
Solution: Being cubes are painted with a) Left of the triangle
same color at opposite faces definitely the b) On top
corner cubes only have 3 different color c) Bottom face
d) Opposite the triangle
10. A solid cube of side 8 cm has been Answer : Bottom face
painted red, blue and black on pairs of Solution : Circle is in the bottom face
opposite faces. It is then cut into cubical
blocks of side 2 cm each. How many 13. Sparsh and Rabee both start from a
cubes have two faces painted red and point towards North. Sparsh turns left
black and all the other faces unpainted? after walking 10 km. Rabee turns right
a) 4 after walking the same distance. Sparsh
b) 8 waits for some time and then walks
c) 16 another 5 km, whereas Rabee walks
d) 32 slowly for 5 km after turning right. They
Answer: 8 both turn to the South and walk 15 km
Solution: Edges connecting cubes with Red forward. How far is Sparsh from Rabee?
and Black will only have 2 face painted a) 15
with red and black remaining are unpainted b) 10
Totally 8 cubes c) 8
d) 12
11. A solid cube of side 8 cm has been Answer : 10
painted red, blue and black on pairs of Solution : Sparsh is 10km away from
opposite faces. It is then cut into cubical Rabee
blocks of side 2 cm each.How many
cubes have one face painted red and all 14. The door of Adi’s house facesthe East.
the other faces unpainted? From the backside of his house, he walks
a) 4 50 m towards west, then turns right and
b) 8 walks 50 m. Finally, he turns left and
c) 12 stops walking after 25 m. Now in which
d) 16 direction is he from the starting point?
Answer : 8 a) South – East
 b) North – East c) 6
c) South – West d) 14
d) North – West Answer : 3
Answer : North – West
Solution : He is in the north west direction ****************************
from the starting direction.

15. Ganesh travels 7 km north, then turns

right and walks 3 km. He again turns to
his right and moves 7 km forward. How
many km, is Ganesh away from the
place of his starting the journey?
a) 7
b) 3
BLOOD RELATIONS
Concept
Blood relations are one of the most often asked logical reasoning topics. A set of clues are given to determine
the blood relationship between individuals in questions. It is similar to data arrangement, once the given set
of data is represented in an organized manner, these questions can be cracked in almost no time. We can use
symbols that help us in representing the given relationships(clues) so as to solve the problems easily.

FEMALE SIBLING

COUPLE
MALE

NEXT GENERATION

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. The questions are based on the following statements.

- Rajinder and Surinder are the sons of Mrs. and Mr. Maudgil.
- Seeta is the sister of Surinder.
- Renu, Raja and Sunil are children of Mrs. and Mr. Bhaskar.
- Sunil and Seeta are married and Ashok and Sanjay are their children.
- Geeta and Rakesh are children of Mrs. and Mr. Jain.
- Geeta is married to Surinder and has three children named Rita,
Sonu and Raju.

First draw the family chart.

A) How is Rajinder related to Raju? a) His nephew’s
a) Brother b) His son’s
b) Uncle c) His father’s
d) His Uncle’s
c) Brother – in – law
d) Maternal Uncle Answer : His son’s
Answer: Uncle
Solution: Raju’s father’s brother is 5. Pointing to a photograph of a boy Suresh
Rajinder said, “He is the son of the only son of my
mother.” How is that boy related to
B) How is Rajinder related to Ashok? Suresh?
a) Brother in law a) Brother
b) Father – in – law b) Nephew
c) Cousin c) Son
d) Uncle d) Cannot be determined
Answer : Uncle
Answer : Son
Solution : Ashok’s mother’s brother is
Rajinder 6. If A + B means A is the mother of B; A - B
means A is the brother B; A % B means A
2. On seeing a photograph of a boy, a man is the father of B and A × B means A is the
said, “He is the son of the only son of my
sister of B, which of the following shows
mother.” How is the man related to that
boy? that P is the maternal uncle of Q?
a) Brother a) Q – N + M * P
b) Uncle b) P + S * N – Q
c) Cousin c) P – M + N * Q
d) Father d) Q – S % P
Answer : Father Answer : P – M + N * Q
3. Rama told Lakshmana, ‘Yesterday, I met
the only brother of the daughter of my Solution : P – M → P is the brother of M.
grandmother.’ Whom did Rama meet? This implies, P is the maternal uncle of Q.
a) Uncle
b) Father 7. If A is the brother of B; B is the sister of C;
c) Father – in – law and C is the father of D, how D is related
d) Either A or B to A?
a) Brother
Answer : Either A or B
b) Sister
Solution : Because the only brother c) Nephew
mentioned can be either Rama’s father or his d) Cannot be determined
uncle.
Answer : Cannot be determined
4. Pointing to a photo, Mr. Bean said: I have
no brother or sister but that fellow’s Solution :
father is my father’s son. Whose photo, is
it?
 - L is the grandmother of Q.
A B

A B C

A C
B

Since the gender of D is unknown, we cannot

find how is D related to A.

8. Introducing a boy, a girl said, “He is the

son of the daughter of the father of my A) How is P related to Q?
uncle.” How is the boy related to the girl? a) Cousin sister
a) Brother b) Brother
b) Nephew c) Sister
c) Uncle d) Either B or C
d) Son – in – law
Answer : Either B or C
Answer : Options are wrong

Solution : My uncle’s father is my Solution : Since gender of P is unknown, P

grandfather. My grandfather’s daughter is can be either brother or sister of Q.
my mother. My mother’s son is my brother.
B) Which of the following is profession of
[Note: my grandfather’s daughter can also M?
be my aunt. And my aunt’s son will be a) Professor
cousin, but there is no such option] b) Businessman
c) Chartered accountant
9. There is a family of 6 members: L, M, N, d) Medical representative
O, P and Q. Their professions are
professor, businessman, chartered Answer : Businessman
accountant, bank manager, engineer and
medical representative. C) Which of the following is the profession
- There are two married couples in the of L?
family. a) Professor
- O, the bank manager, is married to the b) Businessman
lady professor. c) Chartered accountant
- Q, the medical representative, is the son d) Medical representative
of M and the brother of P.
Answer : Professor
- N, the chartered accountant, is the
daughter-in-law of L. D) Which one of the following is one of the
- The businessman is married to the couples?
chartered accountant.
 a) QO Solution : O is Q’s mother N’s father. i.e.
b) OM grandfather
c) PL
d) None of the above 10. Pointing to a photograph. Bajpai said,
“He is the son of the only daughter of the
Answer : None of the above father of my brother.” How Bajpai is
related to the man in the photograph?
Solution : Because the two couples in a) Nephew
family are OL and MN b) Brother
c) Father
E) How is O related to Q?
d) Maternal Uncle
a) Father
b) Grandfather Answer : Maternal Uncle
c) Uncle
d) Brother Solution : My brother’s father is my father.
My father’s only daughter’s son will be my
Answer : Grandfather nephew. So, I’m his Maternal Uncle.
 One of the very simplest methods is tick and cross
SYLLOGISM method.

Concept We should know some more basics in the

The term “syllogism” is formed by two words syllogism.
synchronized logic. Tick (Distributed)
For eg: Cross (Not distributed)
Statement I: I love my uncle All the syllogism problems, premises as well as
Statement II: My uncle loves his daughter. conclusion will fall in one of the four statements:-
Conclusion: I love his daughter • All As are Bs
i.e, we are synchronizing the two statements by the
• Some As are Bs
common term. Given two statements are called as
• Some As are not Bs
premises. For given premises, we need to obtain a
• No As are Bs
conclusion. Syllogism can be solved by different
Here,
ways like
All A’s are B’s and No A’s are B’s are called as
•Verbal
Universal statements.
•Venn diagram Similarly Some A’s are B’s and Some A’s are not
•Tick and cross B’s are particular statements as we are discussing
If a person is really good in verbal it is simple to particular part alone.
solve any problem in syllogism in a best case. But
in worst case it is too difficult. Basically the rule name itself shows tick and cross.
Venn diagram is one of the first methods to solve i.e., we are going to indicate all the statements
syllogism. But the problem is need to draw many with tick and cross.
is need to draw many diagrams and it will each
much time.

• All As are Bs • Some As are not Bs

• Some As are Bs • No As are Bs

Some As are Bs.

All As are Bs. For e.g.: A = 1,B 2,
= B= 1, 4,
For e.g.: A = 1, 2, B = 1, 2, 3, 5
3
- It hides number. It can be any 3,
numbers. - It hides number. It can be any numbers.

I can say that All A’s are B’s i.e., all the terms in Some As are Bs
the A are distributed in the B. We know that “,” is a common value. So we can
say Some A’s are B’s (or) Some B’s are A’s as we
All As are Bs. don’t know the entire value of A as well as B.
We know all the values of A, but need not know
the values of B. Some As are not Bs.
For e.g.: A = 1, 2, B = 1,4, 5
3,
 be at variance from commonly known facts and
Some As are not Bs. then decide which of the given conclusions
As we know all the values of B, it can be said as logically follows from the two given statements.
completely distributed. Read both the statements and mark the answer
To conclude that Some A’s are not B’s, let us take as below:
any element in A, for concluding we need to check a) If only conclusion I follows
till the last element of B. So, Some As are not Bs. b) If only conclusion II follows
c) If both I and II follows
No As are Bs. d) If neither I nor II follows
For e.g.: A = 1, 4, 5 B = 2, 3, 6

No As are Bs 1. Statements
We know both the values of A and B. ie, both are I: All cars are bikes.
completely distributed. II: All bikes are trains.
Values of A and B are entirely different ie, there is Conclusions
common values. We can say it as I: No train is a car.
No A’s are B’s. II: No bike is a car.

To solve Syllogisms, we should know some rules Answer : If neither I nor II follows
such as
1. There should be exactly three terms. Solution :
2. If both the premises are negative then no
conclusion is possible. All cars are bikes
3. If both the premises are particular, then no
conclusion is the answer. All bikes are trains
4. If one of the premises is negative then the Middle term is distributed once so we will get
conclusion is also negative. conclusion. The conclusion will be All cars are
5. If one of the premises is particular then trains.
conclusion is also particular.
6. The middle term should be distributed at least 2. Statements
once to get a conclusion. I: No chocolate is a toffee.
7. The term which is not distributed in premises, I: All sweets are toffees.
cannot be distributed in conclusion. Conclusions
I: No chocolate is a sweet.
II: Some chocolates are sweets.

Answer : Only conclusion I follows

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Solution :
In each question below there are given two
statements followed by two conclusions
No chocolate is a toffee
numbered I and II. You have to take the two
given statements to be true even if they seem to
All sweets are toffees c) C only
Middle term is distributed once so we will get the d) D only
conclusion.
Conclusion: No chocolate is a sweet Answer : C only
Solution : One particular premise => particular
Choose the alternative in which the third conclusion, middle term men has been distributed
statement can be logically deduced using both once.
the preceding two.
3. (A) All sincere people are good-natured.
1. (A) Some painters are artists. Some (B) Some good-natured people are not
artists are crazy. Some painters are sincere.
crazy. (C) Some sincere people are good-
(B) Some heroes are villains. All villains natured.
are bad. Some heroes are bad. (D) All sincere people are fat.
(C) Some men are humans. Some (E) All fat people are good-natured.
humans are bad. Some men are bad. (F) Some good-natured people are
(D) Some teachers are didactic. All sincere
didactic persons are boring. Some a) ACD
boring persons are not teachers. b) FAC
a) B and C c) BCF
b) C and D d) DEA
c) B and D
d) B only Answer : DEA
Answer : B only Solution : All sincere people are fat, All fat people
Solution : One Particular premise =>Particular are good natured, All sincere people are good
conclusion; Middle terms villain has been natured.
distributed once so the rules are satisfied and the
conclusion is correct. 4. (A) Some lazy people are not labourers.
(B) No one who is lazy is a labourer.
2. (A) All young scientists are open - (C) All labourers are hard working.
minded. No open - minded men are (D) Some labourers are not lazy.
superstitious. No young people are (E) No one who is hard working is lazy.
superstitious. (F) Some lazy persons are labourers.
(B) Some soldiers are famous. Some a) CEB
soldiers are intelligent. Some soldiers b) DFC
are either intelligent or famous. c) BCA
(C) All men are married. Some men are d) ACB
educated. Some educated are married.
(D) Many books are rocks. Some rocks Answer : CEB
are clips. Some clips are rocks. Solution : In the statements we have to look for the
a) A only option where the third statement can be logically
b) B only deduced from the first and the second.
Which of the given options provides the best C. All horses are white. White things
logical conclusion for the given statements? shine. Some shining things are not
horses.
1. Statements D. All children are vulnerable. All those
I: No war is fair. who are vulnerable need care. Some
II: Some love is fair. children need care.
Conclusion a) B only
A) No war is expensive b) C only
B) Some war is expensive c) C and D
C) All love is war D) B and D
D) Some love is not war
Answer : Some cowards are not Indians

Answer : Some love is not war Solution :

Solution : In the first premise both war and fair are
distributed so both ticks, in the second premise
No Indians weep
love and fair are both not distributed. Conclusion
should be particular and should be negative too.
Some who weep are cowards
2. Statements Middle term weep distributed once, so the
I: Some blogs are books. conclusion should be Some cowards are not
II: Some blogs are not mails. Indians.
Conclusion
A) Some books are mails 2. A. All boys are honest. Manish is honest.
B) Some books are not mails Manish is a boy.
C) All mails are books B. Lawyers marry only fair girls.
D) None of the above Shobha is very fair. Shobha was not
Answer : None of the above married to a lawyer.
C. Sohan is a sportsman. All sportsmen
Solution : No conclusion is possible since we are are healthy. All healthy persons are
having 2 particular statements. sportsmen.
Each question has a set of four deductions. D. All hill stations have a sunset point. M
Each deduction has three statements. Choose is a hill station. M has a sunset point.
the alternative where the third statement can be a) A only
logically deduced using both the preceding two, b) B only
but not just one of them. c) C only
d) D only
1. Deductions
A. Some sports men smoke. Those who Answer : D only
smoke are punished. Some who are Solution :
punished are not sportsmen.
B. No Indians weep. Somewho weep are
cowards. Some cowards are not Indian. All Hill stations have a sunset point,
 C. Some men are animals. Some animals
M is a hill station are gentle. Some men are gentle.
Middle term distributed once, so the conclusion D. Some teachers are strict. All strict
should be M has a sunset point. persons are disciplinarians. Some
3. A. All students in my class are disciplinarians are not teachers
intelligent. Rohit is not intelligent. Rohit a) B and C
is not a student of my class. b) C and D
B. All plants are trees. No tree is green. c) B and D
Those plants that are not trees are green. d) B only
C. Some sticks are bolts. Kites are sticks.
Answer : B only
Some kites are bolts.
D. No magazine is a cap. All caps are Solution :
cameras. Some cameras are not
magazines.
a) A and D Some actors are singers
b) B and C
c) C only
All Singers are good
d) D only
Middle term distributed once, so the conclusion
Answer : A and D should be Some actors are good.
Solution :
Each of the following questions has a main
statement followed by four statements. Choose
the pair from the given options where the third
All Students in my class are intelligent
statement can be logically concluded from the
previous two, including the main statement.
Rohit is not intelligent
Middle term distributed once, so the conclusion
1. All rivers are seas.
should be
A. Some streams are rivers.
Rohit is not a student of my class
B. Some streams are boats.
D) C. Some boats are rivers.
No magazine is a cap D. Some streams are seas.
a) AD
All caps are cameras b) DA
Middle term distributed once, so the conclusion c) AB
should be d) BC
Some cameras are not magazines. Answer : AD
Solution :
4. A. Some cricketers are artists. Some
artists are good. Some cricketers are All rivers are seas
good.
B. Some actors are singers. All singers Some streams are rivers
are good. Some actors are good.
Middle term distributed once, so the conclusion d) DB
should be Some streams are seas. Answer : DB
Solution :
2. Some dragons can fly.
A. Some dragons are reptiles. Some dragons can fly
B. Some reptiles can fly.
C. All reptiles can fly. All dragons are reptiles
D. All dragons are reptiles. Middle term distributed once, so the conclusion
a) AB should be
b) BA Some reptiles can fly.
c) CA
ATTENTION TO DETAIL & IMAGE INTERPRETATION

Concept of Attention to detail 1. Recognize and find out the errors and oversights
Attention to detail in reasoning is the skill to in the given work or communications.
complete any task with full of attention and 2. To monitor verbal and written instructions given
accuracy. Attention to detail evaluates student’s in the question to resolve problems.
ability to find out refined information or 3. Answer to different and difficult state of affairs.
differences quickly out of text strings. In the 4. Organization and prioritization of data.
questions, you will be given texts with two or
more series and you need to rapidly identify In the problems you will observe alphanumeric
whether they are fully matching or not. These information, picking out specific words, data, and
strings can contain a person’s name or companies numbers from a complex arrangement or questions
name, addresses, numbers, etc. related to the personality or traits of an individual.
All you need to do is to observe the whole pattern
or questions based on analytical abilities or belief
Formulas for Attention to Details:
systems and answer quickly. The topic is very
Further attention to Details problems are aimed to
crucial in any examination because understanding
assess a candidate’s ability to quickly and
this will help the students to prevent mistakes and
efficiently:
select the right options.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following options matches Answer : 5478956714098

the string given here?
3. Which of the following dates is in the
AP$%^&1#3
format "dd/mm/yy"?
a) AP$%^1#2
a) 30/02/13
b) AP%$^1#2
b) 12/15/12
c) AP%$^1#2
c) 31/09/13
d) AP$%^&1#3
d) None of the options
Answer : AP$%^&1#3
Answer : None of the options
2. Which of the following options matches
4. Your answer for each question below
the number given here?
would be:
5478956714098
A. If ALL THREE items given in the
a) 4478956714098
question are exactly ALIKE.
b) 5478656714098
B. If only the FIRST and SECOND
c) 5478955714098
items are exactly ALIKE.
d) 5478956714098

C. If only the FIRST and THIRD items

are exactly ALIKE. ABCD1232YTR3869
D. If none of the above. ABCD1232YTR3689
 ABCD1232YTR3869 a) 6.8
a) A b) 72
b) B c) 39.2
c) C d) 8.6
d) D
Answer : 8.6
Answer : C
Solution : BODMAS RULE
5. If “/” stands for “+”, “*” stands for “/”,
“+” stands for “-” and “-” stands for
“*”, then calculate 8*5+2/9-1.
6. What should the last watch show? d) Monday

a) 5.10
b) 5.32
c) 5.13
d) 5.19

Answer : 5.19

Solution : 42 minutes difference between each

watch

7. 1, 11, 21, 1211, 1231, 131221, 132231...

The next number in the series? Answer : A few days ago
a) 132231
b) 132223 10. Where did Alex go?
c) 232221 a) Sleeping
d) 132221 b) Running
c) Trekking
Answer : 232221 d) Catching butterflies
8. Analyze the given picture and answer Answer : Catching butterflies
the questions. How many people are
staying at this campsite? 11. Ms. Shalini possesses a master’s degree
from a wellknown university with 55%
a) 3 marks, has a height of 5.6 ft. and has
b) 6 been a ramp model on part-time basis
c) 5 from the past 5 years. She also knows 7
d) 4 languages and has done 30 TV
Commercials. She should be:
Answer : 4 a) Selected
9. When did they arrive? b) Referred to the selection board
a) Today members
b) A few days ago c) Rejected
c) Cannot be determined d) Data Insufficient
Answer : Data Insufficient b) 10*5/6+20-5 = -92
c) 50+5-10*2/15 = 40
12. Ms.Lekha is from a reputed college and
d) 14*2+50-10/4 = 75.5
has completed her B.Tech with 80%. She
knows 3 local languages and has 4 years’ Answer : 14*2+50-10/4 = 75.5
experience in the modelling field. She is
5.7 ft. tall. She should be:
a) Selected Concept of Image Interpretation
b) Referred to the selection board members
c) Rejected The ability to see, organize and interpret one’s
d) Data Insufficient environment. In our example, your eyes ‘tookin’
Answer : Data Insufficient the lines as well as the points on the ends of the
line. This phenomenon is called as “Visual
13. Your answer for each question below Perception”.
would be: A, if ALL THREE items given A REBUS is a picture representation of a name,
in the question are exactly ALIKE. B, if work, or phrase. Each "rebus" puzzle box below
only the FIRST and SECOND items are portrays a common word or phrase. Can you guess
exactly ALIKE. C, if only the FIRST what it is?
and THIRD items are exactly ALIKE. D,
if only the SECOND and THIRD items 1.
are exactly ALIKE. E, if ALL THREE
items are DIFFERENT.
IIIILLILILKJIKJJIILL,
IIIILLILILKJIIJJIILL,
IIIILLILILKJIKJJIILL
a) A Answer : Karate Kid
b) B Solution : The clue here is movie. Car @ and kidit
c) C is “Karate Kid”.
d) D
Answer : C 2.

14. How did they get there?

a) Walk
b) Bus
c) Cycle Answer : To infinity and beyond
d) Boat
3.
Answer : Boat

15. Out of the four alternatives given in

these questions, which of the following is
True?
a) 8+7-6/15*2 = -26.5
Answer : Personality Solution : Let’s say here it is getting repeated 4
times we have 4 Got 10 Hero’s. So, basically this
Solution : The image is n ice. So, there is a purse in
number has a clue in it this is nothing but
al ity. Hence it is “Personality”
“Forgotten Heroes”.
4.
5.

Answer : Who’s incharge

Answer : Forgotten Heroes Solution : There are 2 who in charge it is “Who’s
incharge”
 MODULE 2
1. Clocks and Calendars
2. Rebus
3. Data Interpretation
4. Data sufficiency
5. Coded Inequalities
6. Venn diagrams
 CLOCKS AND CALENDARS

Concept for Clocks

From the placement papers perspective, we can expect questions based on
• Angle measurement • Gain/Loss per day Angle measurement:
Model 1: For example, if the time is 6:00, we can easily find the angle between the Hour hand and the
Minute hand as 180
But, if the time is given as 4:22 or 7:30, it is difficult to say the angle directly. Let’s first try to understand the
logic. The angle measurement is the difference between the hour hand and the minute hand value.

If the time is 7:30, then angle will be

 = hour hand - minute hand = [7*300 + 30*1/20 ] - [30*60 ] = [2100+150 ] – 1800 = 450 Let’s try to frame
a generalized formula i.e., replace 7h with ‘h’ and 30m with ‘m’.
 = 30h + - 6m = 30h – m [6- ] = 30h - m
To avoid a negative value in the answer, let’s use the difference symbol.

Model 2: How many times do the hour hand and the minute hand coincide in 12 hours?
Ans: We know that, at 12:00 the angle formed will be 0o . i.e, between 11-12-1, it happens only 1 time.
Remaining 10 hours, it happens 10 times.  Totally 11 times

Similarly, if the angle is 180 0

We know that, at 12:00 the angle formed will be 1800 . i.e, between 5-6-7, it happens only 1 time.
Remaining 10 hours, it happens 10 times.  Total 11 times.
Similarly for angles other than 0 and 180, for every 12 hours, angle will be formed 22 times.

Model 3: Regular time interval for coincidence

We know that for every 12 hours, they coincide 11 times. For 1 coincidence, it will take (12/11) * 60 minutes
= 720/11 mins or 65 mins
 Regular time interval for coincidence is 65 mins.
Gain or loss per day: These type of questions are based on clocks moving faster than or slower than the
original clocks. A clock that is moving faster is said to gain time or the other way if the hands of the clock are
moving slower than original clock is said to loss time.
For example : If a clock gains 10mins every hour, then original clock would cover 60minutes, set clock
would cover 70minutes.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. At what time between 5 a.m. and 6 a.m. will b) 365/11 min

the hands of the clock meet each other? c) 90 min
a) 5:30 d) None of these
b) 5:255/11 Answer : 360/11 min
c) 5:425/11 Solution :
d) 5:273/11 Generally in a clock the hour hand and the minute
Answer : 5:273/11 hand coincide for every 65 5/11mins.
Solution : Given that the hands meet each other i.e The hands of the test clock mentioned coincide for
θ =0 ͦduration within 5am to 6am every 64mins
We know that θ= 30h11/2m for Angle For every coincidence it’ll save 1 5/11mins i.e. for
measurement. It can also be represented as θ= every 64 mins, 1 5/11mins are saved,
11/2m ≈ 30h with 5-6 shows H=5hrs. 0 0= 11/2m- Gain per day = 1 5/11 /64 *24 * 60 = 360/11 mins
30 (5) 150 = 11/2 m M = 300/11 or 27 (3/11)
mins Exactly at 5 hrs 27 (3/11) mins clocks be
together. 3. A clock, which gains 5 minutes every 12
hours, is set right at 5 a.m. What will be the
2. If the hands of a clock coincide every 64 real time, when the clock shows 5 p.m. on
minutes, then how much time does the the following 5th day?
watch gain per day? a) 4.55 p.m.
a) 360/11 min b) 4:05 p.m.
 c) 5:05 p.m. c) 1300
d) 5.55 p.m. d) 1350
Answer : 4:05 p.m. Answer : 1300
Solution :
Solution :
(Approximation method )
We know that the angle between hands of the
Today time is given as 5am
clock is obtained by,  = 30H~ (11/2)M
We need to find original time while the set clock
3:40  30(3) ~ (11/2)40 = 90~220 = 1300
shows 5pm on the 5th day
Here they have given that the watch gains 5 mins
for every 12 hours 10 mins for every 24 hours 6. At what time between 6:00 and 7:00 are the
Similarly at 5th day, 5am it’ll gain 50 mins 120 hands of the clock together?
hours a) 6 hours 32 8/11 min
b) 6 hours 33 min
At 5th 5a.m the original clock will shows 4:10am
Similarly at 5pm after 12 hours, it’ll gain 5 more c) 6 hours 34 8/11 min
mins d) 6 hours 32 min
i.e At 5pm shows 4.05Pm Answer : 6 hours 32 8/11 min
Solution :
4. At what time between 5:30 and 6:00 will the The angle when the hands meet each other is 00
hands of the clock be at We know that the angle between the hands of the
right angles? clock is given by  = 30H~ (11/2) M 0 0 = 30(6) ~
a) 43 min past 5 (11/2) M (11/2)M = 1800 M = 3600 /11 = 32 8/11
b) 407/11min past 5 Hands of the clock meet at 6: 32 8/11
c) 437/11min past 5 Alternative Method
d) 45min past 5 We know that the hands of the clock coincide for
Answer : 437/11min past 5 every 65 5/11 minutes For 6 hours the hands of the
clock coincide at 6* 65 5/11  390 30/11 = 6 hours
Solution : 30 30/11 =6 hours 360/11 = 6 hours 32 8/11
The hands of the clock should be at right angle minutes.
(i.e. θ =90 ͦ) between 5:30 to 6.
So hour should be h=5hrs 7. The angle between the hour hand and the
We know that θ = 11/2 m – 30h 90 ͦ= 11/2 m – minute hand of a clock at 8:30 is
30*5 240 = 11/2 m (or) m=480/11 M=43 7/11 a) 800
mins b) 750
Between 5:30 to 6, the clock shows a right angle at c) 600
43 7/11mins past 5 d) 1050
Answer : 750
5. At 3:40, the hour hand and the minute hand Solution : Angle between hands of the clock is  =
of a clock form an angle of 30H~ (11/2)M = 30(8) ~ 11/2 *30 = 240~165 =
a) 1200 750
b) 1250
CONCEPT FOR CALENDARS
The concept of Odd days will be of a great use to solve questions on calendars. We try grouping the total
days into weeks and the remaining days that weren’t grouped are termed as odd days.
The number of Odd days always lies between 0 and 6.
For eg: Today is Monday, what will be the 8th day from today?
Here let us try to solve using the odd days. i.e. 8%7 = 1 So, Monday + 1 day = Tuesday Today is Monday, 8th
day will be Tuesday.
To find corresponding day for given date: Odd days for years Leap year → 366%7 = 2 days Ordinary year →
365%7 = 1 day

Leap year test

For normal values: (year) %4
For century values: (year) %400 [100, 200, 300: aren’t leap years 400: a leap year]
Reason is that we follow Gregarian calendar.

Odd days for Years • May 3 odd days

• 100 years=5 odd days • June 2 odd days
• 200 years=3odd days • July 3 odd days
• 300years=1 odd days • August 3 odd days
• 400 years= 0 odd days • September 2 odd days
Speciality of our calendar is for every 400 years it • October 3 odd days
will repeat • November 2 odd days
•500 years=5 odd days • December 3 odd days
• 600 years=3odd days
• 700years=1 odd days Odd days for week:
• 800 years= 0 odd days • Monday 1 odd day
• Tuesday 2 odd days
Odd days for months: • Wednesday 3 odd days
• January 3 odd days • Thursday 4 odd days
• February 0 (leap) or 1 • Friday 5 odd days
(ordinary) odd days • Saturday 6 odd days
• March 3 odd days • Sunday 7 or 0 odd days
• April 2 odd days
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. The last day of a century cannot be a 01/01/2018 Monday

a) Monday
b) Tuesday 3. The first Republic Day of India was
c) Wednesday celebrated on 26th January, 1950. It was
d) Friday on a
Answer : Tuesday a) Tuesday
Solution : b) Wednesday
The last day of century cannot be, c) Thursday
We know that specialty of our calendar is for every d) Friday
400 years, it will repeat and be the same Answer : Thursday
First day of the calendar i.e 01/01/0001 -Monday Solution :
01/01/0101- Saturday [since 100y-50 odd days]
[So last day of 100th year will be Friday] 26’th Jan 1950
01/01/0201 – Thursday [for 200y – 3] [Last day of Need to calculate odd days for years, months and
200th year will be Wednesday] Date
Similarly 01/01/0301 – Tuesday [300y – 1 odd Odd days for years
day] [Last day of 300th year will be a Monday] 1950 – Need to calculate odd days up to 1940
01/01/0401 – Monday [Last day of 400th year will 1949 – 1900 + 49
be Sunday] 1900 – 1 odd day [1600+300]
Answer should be Tuesday from option 49 – 12 Leap Years + 37 Ordinary Years
12 (2) + 37 (1) = 57 Odd days
2. Which year will have the same calendar 61/7 = 50 odd days
as that of the year 2007? For years, odd days 1+5= 6
a) 2014 For months, odd days 0 [since before January
b) 2016 there is no month]
c) 2018 For date, odd days 52 + 0 + 6 = 11 Odd days
d) 2019 i.e 11/7 = 4
Answer : 2018 4 Shows corresponding day will be Thursday
Solution : Let us assume that 1/0/2007 as Monday
01/01/2007 Monday 4. Which year will have the same calendar
01/01/2008 Tuesday as that of the year 2005?
01/01/2009 Thursday a) 2010
01/01/2010 Friday b) 2011
01/01/2011 Saturday c) 2012
01/01/2012 Sunday d) 2013
01/01/2013 Tuesday Answer : 2011
01/01/2014 Wednesday Solution :
01/01/2015 Thursday
01/01/2016 Friday Let us take 1st day of 2005 as Monday.
01/01/2017 Sunday Then, same day in 2006 will be Tuesday
2007 Wednesday 0 odd days between the years 2000 to 2079
2008 Thursday Independence day of 2079 will be Tuesday
2009 Saturday
2010 Sunday 7. On what dates of January, 2003, did
2011 Monday Thursdays fall?
2011 has the same calendar as 2005 a) 2, 9,16, 23, 30
b) 3, 10, 17, 24, 31
5. Which among the following is a leap c) 1, 8, 15, 22, 29
year? d) 4, 11, 18, 25
a) 1300 Answer : 2, 9, 16, 23, 30
b) 1350 Solution :
c) 1200
d) 1500 Consider 01.01.0001 as Monday.
Answer : 1200 01.01.0401 Monday
Solution : 01.01.2001 Monday
01.01.2002 Tuesday
Leap year should be exactly divisible by 4 and For 01.01.2003 Wednesday
century years it should be divisible by 400 02.01.2003 Thursday
Among the options 1200 only satisfies the 2ND January is Thursday
condition. Thursday will falls on (2, 2+7, 2+14, 2+21,
2+28) i.e 2, 9, 16, 23, 30
6. If 15th August, 2000 was on Tuesday,
then on which day of the week would the 8. How many odd days are there from
Independence Day be celebrated in the January 29, 1989 to January 18, 1990?
year 2079? a) 2
a) Tuesday b) 3
b) Wednesday c) 4
c) Thursday d) 5
d) Friday Answer : 4
Answer : Tuesday Solution :
Solution :
29th Jan 1989 to 29th Jan 1990, the number of
Given that 15th August 2000 was on Tuesday days will be 365.
In 2079 we have to find the day of same date. But from 29th Jan 1989 to 18th Jan 1990
In 79 years, 79/4 = 19 leap years No. of days = 365 – 11 = 354 % 7 = 4
We have 19 leap years and 60 ordinary years. Number of odd days = 4
Number of odd days (19*2) + (60*1) = 38 +60
= 98%7 = 0
 REBUS
Concept
A rebus is a code or reference where pictures, letters, or symbols represent certain words or phrases. During
the Middle Ages, many families used rebuses to symbolize their family names or crest. In the modern age,
rebuses are typically used as challenging riddles or puzzles. Rebus (pronounced ree-buhs) is derived from the
Latin phrase nōn verbīs sed rebus, meaning “not by words but by things.” Perhaps the simplest and most
common rebus in use today is “IOU” for “I owe you.”

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. VIT_MIN
Find the answer
Answer : VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
Solution : In the word vitamin A is missing.

2. Blame
2. Blame
3. Blame
Find the answer.
Answer : NO ONE TO BLAME
Solultion : Number one is missing

3. ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTVWXYZ
Find the answer.
Answer : MISSING YOU
Solution : In the alphabet series U is missing.

4. O _ E R _ T _ O _
Find the answer.
Answer : PAINLESS OPERATION
Solution : In this word PAIN is missing so it is considered as Painless operation.

5. Analyse the picture and find the answer.

Answer : PARADISE
Solution : Pair of dice so it is paradise

6. Try stand
2
Find the answer
Answer : TRY TO UNDERSTAND
Solution : 2 is under the word try stand so the answer is try to understand.
7. Analyse the picture and find out the answer.
Answer : ARCTIC CIRCLE
Solution : Arc + Tick + Circle

8. Analyse the picture and find out the answer.

Answer : TOP SECRET
Solution : The arrow mark denotes the top secret.

9. eCONO MY
Find the answer.
Answer : ECONOMY GROWTH
Solution : The size of each and every letter in economy increased.

10. Mary + Mary

Find the answer.
Answer : SUMMARY
Solution : There are two words of mary and there is a symbol +.

11. Analyse the picture and find out the answer.

Find the answer.
Answer : BLANKET
Solution : There is a blank space and filled with ET.

12. √−𝟏 23 ∑ 𝝅
Find the answer for this equation.
Answer : I ATE SOME PIE AND IT WAS DELICIOUS

13. |lee| 0
Find the answer.
Answer : ABSOLUTELY NOT

14. HOROBOD
Find the answer.
Answer : ROBINHOOD

15. VA DERS
Find the answer.
Answer : SPACE INVADERS.
 DATA INTERPRETATION

Concept Say for example: Consider the following

Data Interpretation pie charts representing a composition of
milk solution.
Data Interpretation is nothing but basically
interpreting the given data.
water
Data means set of information
pure milk
To explain Interpretation, let’s consider an
example,
From the above pie chart we can conclude
Dog example
that 1/4th of the solution is water and the
I) “when your pet dog sees you it wags its tail” rest of 3/4th of the solution is pure milk.
Two important things to be noted in this
You understand “dog knows you”.
pie chart
ii) ”When a stranger comes to your house, the dog If values are in % sum of values should
barks” where it is evident that the dog does not equal to 100%
know the person. Water is 25%
Milk is 75%
So in both the cases you understand what dog
Water + Milk = 100%
wants to convey by just seeing its behaviour. This
If the values are given in degree, then the sum of
is basically interpretation.
all values should equal to 360, (because the angle
Examples of DI
around the centre-point is 360).
→Graphs of Labs (Chemistry labs and physics
So,
labs)
→Bar chart and graphs in a match (Match Water is 90
progress depicted by a graph) Pure Milk is 270
→Tables of Railway chart. So in 100 Litres of milk solution,
Concept 2: Data Interpretation – Pie Chart We know that,
Data Interpretation is analysing the given Out of 360, 90 is water
data and arrive at particular conclusion. i.e (90/360)*100 gives the amount of water,
Data can be represented in many ways. Say tables Out of 360, 270 is milk,
pie-chart, bar-graph. Now let’s discuss about pie- i.e; (270/360)*100 gives the amount of milk.
chart. If the total quantity of mixture is 100L.
Water is (90/360)*100 = 25L
Pie Chart Milk is (270/360)*100 = 75L
Pie Chart representation is mostly used to
represent break-up or the composition of a group.
 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Data Interpretation Tables Answer : 1993 – 94

Directions for questions 1 to 3: Study the Solution :
following graph carefully Year 1992-93 can be ignored as target production
and answer the questions given below. is higher than actual production. So that will not
Line graph: Target and actual production of bolts be higher.
(in ‘000s) in a factory 1991-92 =200/150 = 1.33
1993-94 =175/125 =1.4
1994-95 =75/200 =1.34
So highest was in 1993-94

3. The ratio of the sum of targeted production for

the years 1992 - 93, 1995 - 96 and 1996 - 97 to
the sum of the actual production for these
years is:
a) 1: 8
1. What is the percentage change in the b) 1.3 : 1
targeted production from 1994 - 95 to c) 2 : 1
1995 - 96? d) 2 : 5
a) 25.36% Answer : 1.3 : 1
b) 36.89% Solution :
c) 15.4% Sum of target production =300+250+225 =775
d) 59.9% Sum of Actual production =225+200+125 =550
Answer : 25.36% Ratio of Target to actual production=775/550 =1.4
Solution : Answer = 1.4
Target production in 1994-95 = 200(Approx.)
Target production in 1995-96 = 250(Approx.) Directions for questions 4 to 7: The following
Percentage change in the targeted production pie chart shows the expenditure incurred on the
= [(Final value-initial value)/initial value] manufacturing of a calculator under various
*100 heads. Study the following pie chart carefully and
= [(250- answer the questions given below.
200)/200]*100 = 25%(Approx.)
From options answer is 25.36%

2. In which of the following years was the

percentage of actual production with respect to
the target production the highest?
a) 1991 – 92
b) 1992 – 93
c) 1993 – 94
d) 1994 – 95
 4. The marked price of a calculator is 24% Shortcut
more than its cost price. If the 22.5% = 58.5
marked price of a calculator is Rs. 186, then We need to find MP which is 130%.
what is the cost of R & D 22.5% * 6 = 135% = 58.5*6 = 351
used in a single unit of calculator? So, 130% should be less than 351. The only
a) Rs. 37.20 option less than 351 is 338
b) Rs. 30
c) Rs. 42.60 6. If the profit is 20% and the selling price of a
d) Rs. 46.50 calculator is Rs. 192, then how much money
has been spent on it as miscellaneous charges?
Answer : Rs. 30
a) Rs. 33.60
Solution : b) Rs. 40.32
c) Rs. 28
Marked price is 24% more than CP
d) Rs. 84
W.K.T M.P = C.P*(124/100) =186
Answer : Rs. 28
C.P = 150
Solution :
Question is cost of R and D
Conventional Method
W.K.T R&D contributes 20%
SP => 192
100% of price=> 150
P% =>20%
20% of price => 30 (10% is 15, 20% is 30)
CP =>?
SP = CP*[(100+P)/100]
5. If the machinery charges of a single unit is Rs.
192 = CP*(120/100)
58.50 and the marked price is 30% more than
CP = Rs.160
the cost price, then what is the marked price of
Miscellaneous charges are 17.5% of CP
the calculator?
Also 17.5% of 160 =>
a) Rs. 338
17.5=10+7.5
b) Rs. 376
10% of 160 = 16
c) Rs. 352
7.5% of 160 = 12
d) Rs. 384
17.5% of 160 = 28
Answer : Rs. 338
So amount spent on miscellaneous charges is Rs.
Solution:
28.
Conventional method
Shortcut
W.K.T machinery charges contributes 22.5%
SP = 120% of CP = 192
So 22.5% of price =>58.5
We need to find miscellaneous charges which is
Then what is 100%?
17.5%
58.5/22.5 gives 1 %
120/6 = 20% = 192/6 = 32.
So, 58.5/22.5 *100 gives 100%
The only option which is less than 32 is 28.
Which is equal to 260
So CP is 260
7. What is the cost price of a calculator on which
MP is 30% more than CP
the cost of R & D and machinery charges
10% of 260 =26
amount to Rs. 127.50?
30% of 260 = 78
a) Rs. 255
So MP= 260+78 = 338
 b) Rs. 54.18
c) Rs. 382.50 Class EHS DPS SVV
d) Rs. 300 /School -500 -750 -470
Answer : Rs. 300
Solution : I 30%
Conventional Method 50%(375) 30%(141)
(150)
R and D Contributes => 20%
Machinery Contributes = 22.5% II 50%
20%(150) 20% (84)
= 42.5% (250)
So 42.5% of CP = 127.5
100% of CP = 127.50/42.5*100 III 20%
30%(225) 50% (235)
= 300 (100)
CP of calculator = 300
Shortcut 8. The total number of students passing in
42.5% = 127.5 division III from the three given schools is
1%=3 a) 560
100% = 300. b) 575
c) 520
Directions for questions 8 to 10: The following d) 540
triangular diagram shows the percentage of Answer : 560
students who passed in 12th class in I division, Solution : Total number of students passing in
II division or III division. The students belong division 3 from all three schools = 100+225+235
to 3 schools EHS (Emerson Heights School), = 560.
DPS (Daily Public School) and SVV (Sahitya 9. The total number of students passing in
Vidya Vihar). The number of students in EHS, division II forms what percentage of the total
DPS and SVV are 500, 750 and 470 students in standard XII in the three schools?
respectively. Refer the diagram to answer the a) 34%
following questions. b) 38%
c) 28.7%
d) 31.2%

Answer : 28.7%

Solution :

Total number of students in 2nd Division =

250+150+84
= 484
Total number of students in all three schools =
500+750+470 = 1720
Required percentage → (484/1720)*100 =
4840/172=28 (approx)
Therefore the answer is c) 28.7%
 Shortcut Answer : 30 : 47
We know that 484/1720 is just greater than 1/4, Solution :
the only option which is just greater than 25% is
Number of students passing in 2nd division from
28.7%.
DPS → 150
Number of students passing in 3rd division from
10. The ratio of total number of students passing in
SVV → 235
division II from DPS to the total number of
Therefore the required ratio = 150 : 235
students passing in division III from SVV is
= 30 : 47
a) 24 : 32
b) 27 : 34
c) 30 : 47
d) 32 : 40

Solution :

Recruitment A B C Total
E T E T E T E T
Manager 10 4 15 6 5 5 30 15
Employees 20 4 10 6 0 5 30 15
Total 30 8 25 12 5 10 60 30
11. How many managers were recruited? 14. If the total number of managers at the beginning
a) 10 of 1994 was 65, then what was the percentage
b) 15 increase in it at the end of 1994?
c) 30 a) 21%
d) 35 b) 23%
Answer : 15 c) 6%
Solution : d) 8%
Recruitment = No of employed - No of
Answer : 23%
terminations
Solution :
The number of managers employed = 30
At the beginning of the year there were 65
No of managers Terminated = 15
managers and at the end of the year 15 more
No of managers recruited = 30 - 15 = 15
managers were recruitment so now there are
65+15 = 80 managers at the end of the year1994
12. How many employees were terminated in type
So the percentage increase in the number of
A companies?
managers is calculated as:
a) 2
Percentage Increase = [(Final Value-Initial
b) 3
value)/Initial value]*100 = [(80-65)/65]*100
c) 4
d) 5
= (15/65)*100 = 23%
Answer : 4
Solution : In type A companies as observed from
15. In which of the following categories did the
the table, 4 employees were terminated.
maximum Net Recruitment take place?
13. What was the overall increase in recruitment in a) A, Employee
type A companies? b) B, Manager
a) 30 c) A, Manager
b) 19 d) C, Employee
c) 20 Answer : A, Employee
d) 22 Solution : Maximum net Recruitment is found out
using the maximum value of the difference
Answer : 22
between Employment and termination.
Solution : When asked for the overall increase in
So, calculating the same for option(a)->A,
recruitment in type A, we have to find the
Employee
difference between the total number of people
Net Recruitment = 20-4 = 16, which is the
employed in type A and the total number
maximum.
terminated from type A which is 30-8 = 22.
 DATA SUFFICIENCY

Concept we combine both the statements we will know

Data Sufficiency the value of A.
Data sufficiency is the concept of * Find A
identifying whether the data is sufficient or not to i) A+10=5
answer the question. A data sufficiency will have a ii) A+15=10
question followed by two statements. We have to We will be able to find the answer if we consider
find the correct statement/statements required to both the statements individually.
answer the given question. * Find A
Strategy to solve DS: i) A+X =10
Read the first statements alone and try answering iii) X+Z=10
the question. There are three unknown variables in two
Else, read the second statement and check if that equations, so even if we combine these two
alone can answer the question. equations, we will not arrive at a conclusion.
If neither of the two statements alone is sufficient
to answer the question, combine both the
statements and see if the question can be PRACTICE QUESTIONS
answered.
An approximate answer is sufficient. Do not waste For the following questions, mark your answer
time in trying to find the exact answer. as
Do not get misguided by the figure given in the a) If statement (i) alone is sufficient to answer the
question. The figure may or may not be accurate. question.
For eg:a triangle given, may look isosceles, but b) If statement (ii) alone is sufficient to answer the
the data provided may be otherwise. question.
Example: c) If both statements together are sufficient to
*Find A answer the question.
i) A=5 d) If either of the statements alone issufficient to
ii) B=7 answer the question.
The answer can be found out using the first e) If the question cannot be answered using both
statement alone. the statements.
*Find A
i) B=7 1. What is the distance from City A to City C?
ii) A=5 I. City A is 90 km from City B
The answer can be found out using the second II. City B is 30 km from City C
statement alone.
* Find A Answer : If the question cannot be answered using
i) A+B = 5 both the statements.
ii) B=2 Solution :
When we consider the first statement alone, the
value of B is unknown so we cannot find the value The first statement talks about city A and B, but
of A. We know B=2 in the second statement when not about city C.
The second statement talks about city B and city in Maysville high School as it offers Chinese, but
C, but not about city A. he might also study in some other school that
Combining both the statements, we know cities offers Chinese. The answer choice is (e).
can be anywhere.
Eg: C 4. Among five friends A, B, C, D and E who is
the tallest?
A C B I. D is taller than A and C
C II. B is shorter than E but taller than D

In this diagram, city C can be at any place, so the Answer : both statements together are sufficient to
answer is not clear even if the statements are answer the question.
combined. So, answer choice is (e) Solution :
Statement (i) tells us the relationship among D,A
2. Is the smallest of five consecutive integers and C only.
even? Statement (ii) brings the rest of the characters into
I. The product of the five integers is 0 the picture.
II. The arithmetic mean of the five Combining both the statements, we know that the
integers is 0 tallest person is E. The answer is (c).

Answer : statement (ii) alone is sufficient to 5. A piece of string 6 feet long is cut into three
answer the question. smaller pieces. How long is the longest of the
Solution : three pieces?
Using the first statement alone, the integers can be I. Two pieces are of the same length
“0,1,2,3,4”, “-2,-1,0,1,2”, “-1,0,1,2,3”. II. One piece is 3 feet 2 inches long
Using the second statement alone, we know that
the integers can only be -2,-1, 0, 1, 2 as the Answer : statement (ii) alone is sufficient to
arithmetic mean must be zero. The answer choice answer the question.
is (b). Solution :
Using the first statement, we know that two pieces
3. John studies Chinese in a school. Which are of the same length. If two pieces are 1 foot
school does he attend? each, then the third piece will be 4 feet and it will
I. All students in Jefferson High School be the longest, but if they are 2 feet each, the third
take French piece will also be 2feet. So here we cannot arrive
II. Maysville High School offers only at a conclusion.
Chinese With the help of the second statement alone we
know that one piece is 3 feet 2 inches long, so the
Answer : The question cannot be answered using other two pieces put together must be 2 feet
both the statements. 10inches.So it is obvious that statement two gives
Solution : us the length of the longest piece and so the
Using statement (i),we know that john does not go answer is (b).
to Jefferson High School as the students take
French. Statement (ii)tells us that John may study
II . Mark your answer as: V+K+A = 32
(a) If the question can be answered by using A=V+K
statement I alone but not On solving these equations, we will get the age of
using II alone (or) by using statement II alone Raju.
but not using I alone. Therefore the option (c)
(b) If the question can be answered using
statement I alone as well as 8. Is Sreedhar eligible for an entry pass to the
using statement II alone. company premises?
(c) If both I and II together are together I. The company does not allow strangers
sufficient, but neither of the statements alone is to enter the company
sufficient to determine the answer to the II. All employees are eligible to get a
question. pass
(d) If statements I and II together are not Answer : statements I and II together are not
sufficient to determine the answer to the sufficient to determine the answer to the question.
question. Solution : From the two statements given we don’t
know whether Sreedhar is an employee or a
stranger to ensure he is eligible for the pass.
6. Can a democratic system operate without Answer is option (d).
effective opposition?
9. In an election, three candidates A, B and C
I. The opposition is indispensable
were contesting. How many
II. A good statesman always learns more
votes did each receive?
from his opponents than from his
I. A received 1006 votes more than B and
fervent supporters.
1213 more votes than C.
Answer : statements I and II together are not
II. Total votes cast were 15,414
sufficient to determine the answer to the question.
Solution : The two statements given don’t mention Answer : both I and II together are together
anything about effective opposition. sufficient, but neither of the statements alone is
Therefore answer is option (d) sufficient to determine the answer to the question.
Solution :
7. What is Raju’s age?
From statement 1, A = 1006 + B
I. Raju, Vimala and Kishore are all of
A = 1213+C
the same age
From statement 2, A+B+C = 15,414
II. Total age of Vimala, Kishore and
On solving these equations, we will get the
Abishek is 32 and Abishek is as old as
solution.
Vimala and Kishore together
Answer is option (c).
Answer : Both I and II together are together
sufficient, but neither of the statements alone is
10. How many rolls of wallpaper are necessary
sufficient to determine the answer to the question.
to cover the walls of a room whose floor and
Solution : Statement 1 or 2 alone is not sufficient
ceiling are rectangles 12 feet wide and 15
to answer the question.
feet long?
Combining both the statements we will get
I. A roll of paper covers 20 sq feet
R=V=K;
II. There are no windows in the walls
Answer : statements I and II together are not 13. How many girls passed the entrance exam
sufficient to determine the answer to the question. this year?
Solution : Since only the ceiling and floor I. Last year 560 girls passed
measurement is given. We can’t estimate the wall II. This yearthere was a 10% decrease
papers required to cover the walls since over last year in the number of failures
dimensions of wall is not given. So answer is Answer : both I and II together are not sufficient,
option (d). but neither of the statements alone is not sufficient
to determine the answer to the question
11. If z and w are real numbers, is z less than
Solution :
w?
I. z2 = 25 With the first statement, we only know the number
II. w = 9 of girls who passed.
With the help of the second statement, we know
Answer : Both I and II together are together
the percentage decrease of the number of students
sufficient, but neither of the statements alone is
who failed. We still do not know the total number
sufficient to determine the answer to the question.
of students who appeared for the examination and
Solution :
the number of girls who failed. The data given is
Statement 1 tells that z can be -5 or +5.We cannot
insufficient to answer the question. The answer
answer the question with this statement alone, so
choice is (e).
we go to statement ii.
Statement (ii) only gives us the value of w, so we
14. A man 6 feet tall is standing near a lamp
combine both the statements.-5<9 Or 5<9.
post. What is the length of the shadow cast
In both the cases, 2 is less than w. So the answer is
by the man?
(c).
I. The lamp post is 18 feet highII. II.The
man is 12 feet from the lamp post
12. Is x a prime number, given that x is a
Answer : both I and II together are together
positive integer?
sufficient, but neither of the statements alone is
I. x4 > 3000
sufficient to determine the answer to the question
II. x4 < 10000
Solution : Let the shadow be x. The triangles are
Answer : both I and II together are together
similar. So,
sufficient, but neither of the statements alone is
x/6 = (12+x)/18
sufficient to determine the answer to the question
18x = 72 +6x
x = 6.
Solution : Using the first statement, we know x is
The length of the shadow is 6. The
8,9,10.....
correct answer is (c).
Using statement 2 alone, we know x is
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.
15. K is an integer. Is K is divisible by 12?
Both the statements independently are not
I. K is divisible by 4
sufficient to answer the question. Combining the
II. K is divisible by 3
statements, we have 8, 9 in common. These two
Answer : both I and II together are together
numbers are not prime. So it’s evident that x is not
sufficient, but neither of the statements alone is
a prime number and the answer is option (c).
sufficient to determine the answer to the question
Solution :
The divisibility of an integer by 12 can happen if But knowing both the conditions which says that
the integer is divisible both by 3 and 4.The I the integer is divisible by both 4 and 3, so the
condition says that the integer is divisible by 4. By integer is divisible by 12.
this we cannot answer if the integer is divisible by Since both the conditions were required to answer
12 or not? the question the answer is (c)
The (i) condition says that the integer is divisible
by 3.Only by this condition alone we cannot
answer if the integer is divisible by 12 or not?
 CODED INEQUALITIES

Concept 2. Statements:
Coded inequality involves statements where T>Z≥W, B>Q>W>O < M
symbols represent different relational operators. Conclusions:
These symbols need to be decoded to understand I. T>O
the relationship between variables. II. B>O

Answer : E
Common Symbols
In coded inequality questions, symbols are used to Solution : Both conclusions I and II
represent traditional mathematical operators. Here follow.Conclusions:I. T > O (True)
are some typical symbols and their meanings: (T>Z≥W>O)II. B > O (True) (B>Q>W>O
3. Statements:
>: Greater than Q > A ≥ K ≤ J; N ≥ R ≥ B = Q < P
<: Less than Conclusion:
≥: Greater than or equal to I. B>K
≤: Less than or equal to II. A>R
=: Equal to
Answer : A

4. Statements:
PRACTICE QUESTIONS M > K ≥ O = E; A = B ≤ F ≥ K
Conclusion:
1. Directions (1-6): In these questions, the I. F > E
relationship between different elements is II. F ≥ E
shown in the statements. These statements Answer : B
are followed by two conclusions.
Mark the answer as: 5. Statement:
a) If only conclusion I follows. M < P < Q < R < S; M < B < N < D < E = F <
b) If only conclusion II follows. G
c) If either conclusion I or II follows. Conclusion:
d) If neither conclusion I nor II follows. I. F > Q
e) If both conclusions I and II follows. II. S < G
Answer : D
1. Statements: 6. Statements:
Q≤B<M, Z>Q, S>B≤T, R > H = I > J ≥ K, X > Z < J ≥ C > E < D
Conclusions: Conclusions:
I. Q ≤ T II. M > S I. H>E
Answer : A II. Z>I
1) Only I is true
Solution : Only conclusion I follows. Conclusions: 2) Only II is true
I. Q ≤ T (True) (Q≤B≤T) II. M > 3) Either I or II is true
S (False) (M>B<S)
 4) Both I and II are true a) Y@K
5) Neither I nor II is true b) W$N
c) W@Y
Answer : 1
d) W@V
Direction (7-10): Study the following Answer : A
information to answer the given questions
10. Statements: C # P, P * L, L @ E, E $ M
P$Q means P is not smaller than Q means P is
Conclusions:
neither smaller than nor equal to Q
a) M # P
P#Q means P is neither greater than nor equal to Q
b) M @ L
P&Q means P is neither greater than nor smaller
c) P # E
than Q
d) L # C
P*Q means P is not greater than Q
Answer : A
Choose correct option for each question –

A. None is true Direction (11-14): Study the following

information to answer the given questions
B. Only I is true
P$Q means P is not smaller than Q means P is
C. Only II is true neither smaller than nor equal to Q
P#Q means P is neither greater than nor equal to Q
D. Only III is true
P&Q means P is neither greater than nor smaller
E. Only IV is true than Q
P*Q means P is not greater than Q
Choose correct option for each question –
7. Statements: A $ M, P @ L, K # P, A $ L A. None is true
B. Only I is true
Conclusions:
C. Only II is true
a) K # L
D. Only III is true
b) A @ P
E. Only IV is true
c) L*A
d) M # P
1. Statements: A $ M, P @ L, K # P, A $ L
Answer : D
Conclusions,
a) K # L
8. Statements: W*N, K * V, Y @ V, W @ K
b) A @ P
Conclusions:
c) L*A
a) Y @ K
d) M # P
b) W $ N
Answer : D
c) W @ Y
d) W @ V
2. Statements: W*N, K * V, Y @ V, W @ K
Answer : B
Conclusions:
a) Y @ K
9. Statements: W*N, K * V, Y @ V, W @ K
b) W $ N
Conclusions:
c) W @ Y
d) W @ V Answer : A
Answer : D
4. Statements: C # P, P * L, L @ E, E $ M
Conclusions:
3. Statements: T * Y, S # M, Y $ S, M @ K
a) M # P
Conclusions:
b) M @ L
a) K # S
c) P # E
b) Y @ M
d) L # C
c) T # M
Answer : A
d) Y @ K
VENN DIAGRAMS
Concept
It is a topic that is very familiar to us in
our school days. So, with the basic
knowledge on Venn diagram, try solving
the following sample.
Out of 100 students in a class, 50 play Therefore 90 students play cricket, hockey
cricket and 60 play hockey. How many or both. But when we add cricket and
students play both cricket and hockey? hockey, we get 50+60=110, where we
Representation of a Venn diagram should get only 90.

On combining both cricket and hockey,

Ans: Data Insufficient

Here we do not know how many students
do not play any of these games. In
question it should have been given as “all
the students play at least one of these
games “where we will consider that who
do not play any of these games as 0.

Now let’s give additional data to students We observe that the intersection part is
as, those who do not play any of these added twice, that is why we have more
games is 10. Hence the Venn diagram will than 90. Hence the difference in the values
look like, (110 – 90 =20) will give the intersection
part.
Therefore number of students who choose
both cricket and hockey = 20
So far we have seen an example for a two
variable (cricket and hockey) Venn
diagram.
Venn diagram can be used for solving PRACTICE QUESTIONS
three variables (cricket, hockey and
football) also. At a management institute (where
students can choose more than one
Three - Variable subject), out of 300 students, 55 did not
choose any of marketing, finance or
systems, 110 chose marketing, 130 chose
finance and 140 chose systems. 45
students chose marketing and finance,
50 chose marketing and systems and 60
chose finance and systems.

X=Participate in Group 1 only

Y=Participate in Group 2 only
Z=Participate in Group 3 only
a, d=Participate in Group 1 and 2
b, d=Participate in Group 1 and 3
c, d=Participate in Group 2 and 3
d=Participate in all the three groups

Four –Variable
1. The number of students who choose
all three subjects is
a) 20
b) 36
c) 50
d) 55
Answer : 20
Solution : F and S and M =300-55 –
(110+130+140-45-50-60)=20

2. The number of students who choose

exactly one subject is
a) 180
b) 65
c) 20
d) 130
Answer : 20
Solution : 300-{55+20+95}=20
3. The number of students who choose Solution :
at least two subjects is No of persons using 3 laptops =20
a) 100 200=160+100+90 – x + 20
b) 115 x=170
c) 56 3 laptops=20
d) 70 2 laptops exactly= 170 – 3(20) =110
Answer : 115 1 laptop exactly= 200 - (20+110) =70
Solution : At least 2 subjects : 155-
2(20)=115 6. If 40 use only SONY, then how many
use TOSHIBA and HP only?
4. The number of students who choose a) 15
finance and systems only is b) 30
a) 32 c) 18
b) 40 d) 10
c) 37 Answer : 10
d) 45 Solution :
Answer : 40 Sony only=160 – (40+20)=100
Solution : Finance and systems only : 60- Toshiba and Hp users= 110-100=10
20=40
7. If 60 uses TOSHIBA and SONY
A survey was conducted among 200 only, then how many use only HP?
users of laptops of different companies. a) 30
It was found that 160 use laptops of b) 50
SONY, 100 use laptops of HP and 90 use c) 25
laptops of TOSHIBA. 20 use laptops of d) 22
all the three companies and each one Answer : 30
uses laptops of at least one of the three Solution : 100-20-(110-60)=30
companies
8. What is the minimum possible
number of users, who use only
SONY?
a) 30
b) 50
c) 45
d) 25
Answer : 30
Solution : Min possible no of users who
5. How many use laptops of only one use sony =160-(110+20)=30
company?
a) 70 Out of 200 people who attended a
b) 80 wedding, 120 wore silk saree, 100 wore
c) 95 diamond earrings, 80 people wore gold
d) 105 necklace and 10 had none of these three.
Answer : 70
100 people had exactly one of the three 11. If 15 people who wore only silk
items. saree, had gold necklace also and 5
people who had only diamond
earring gold necklace wore silk saree
also, then how many people had at
least two of the three?
a) 135
b) 105
c) 78
d) 119
Answer : 105
9. How many people had exactly two of
Solution :
the three items?
We have x+y+z+d = 90
a) 70
The question is to find atleast two of the
b) 80
three. Now 15 people who wore only silk
c) 110
saree also have gold necklace. So we
d) 85
need to add this.
Answer : 70
But 5 people having only diamond
Solution :
earring and gold necklace wearing silk
Total =200-10=190
saree also need not be added since they
190-100=90 At least Two
are already accounted in x+y+z+d.
120+100+80 -190=110 is using at least 2
So 90 + 15 = 105
items or exactly 3 items.
No of persons using exactly 3 items=110-
12. If 30 people had only diamond
90=20
earring, then how many people had
No of persons using exactly two items=90-
at least one of gold necklace and silk
20=70
saree but not diamond earring?
a) 105
10. If 20 people had only silk saree and
b) 87
diamond earring, then how many
c) 98
people had only gold necklace?
d) 90
a) 12
Answer : No option
b) 18
Solution :
c) 20
Only diamond earring = b = 30
d) 10
We already have d = 20
Answer : 10
Atleast one of the gold necklace and silk
Solution :
saree but no diamond earring = y
Only silk saree and diamond ring = x =
We know people who have diamond =
20
b+x+z+d = 100
We know, x+y+z = 70 => y+z = 50
X+z = 50
Also, people with gold = c+y+z+d = 80
X+y+z = 70
So, only gold = c = 80-50-20 = 10
So, y = 20
Atleast one of the gold necklace and
silk saree but no diamond earring = 20
 But there is no such option.
Had the question been, “Atleast one of
gold necklace or silk saree but not
diamond earring”, we shall take a+c+y.

13. What is the maximum possible

number of people who had only silk
saree?
a) 90
b) 87 14. How many employees are members
c) 118 of sports club only?
d) 120 a) 110
Answer : 90 b) 120
Solution : c) 130
Max possible number wearing a silk d) 140
saree (a) Answer : 120
This can be done by minimizing the Solution :
value of x+y+d. Anyway, we can’t Sports + Movie =55
minimize the value of d because its value Only sports and movie = 55-25=30
is 20. So, we will minimize the value of Sports and Literary =45
x+y. Put x+y = 0. But this can’t be Only sports and literary=45-25=20
possible, because this makes z value as Movie + Literary = 40
70 (x+y+z = 70). From the figure Only movie and Literary =40-25 =15
c+y+d+z = 80. Sports and Club only=195 –
Therefore, the min value of x+y = 10. (30+20+25)=120
Now, a+x+y+d = 120. Put the values of d
and min value of x+y. We will get the How many employees are members of
maximum value of a. movie club or literary society?
Ie, a = 120-10-20 = 90 a) 400
b) 250
Among the 450 employees of a college, c) 130
195 are members of sports club. 175 d) 230
are members of movie club and 185 Answer : No such option
are members of literary society. 55 are Solution :
members of sports club and movie Movie club or literary club will include
club. 40 are members of movie club whole of both these two clubs.
and literary society. 45 are the ie. 175 + 185 – (25 + 15) = 320
members of sports club and literary But no such option is there.
society. 25 employees are members of
all the three.
 MODULE 3

1. Coding & decoding odd man out

2. Analogy and visual reasoning
3. Dices
4. Counting of geometrical figures
5. Alpha numeric series
6. LA – 6
7. LA - 5
 CODING AND DECODING, ODD MAN OUT

Concept Which means E= 1, N= 2, T=3, R=4, Y=5

The coding questions will provide you and STEADY is coded as “931785” which
with some information that is in code means S=9, T=3, E=1, A=7, D=8, Y=5.
form. This information can be decoded Then, the code for TENANT will be
using the key that is present either within 312723.
the question or within the options.
3. If ‘water’ is called ‘blue’, ‘blue’ is
PRACTICE QUESTIONS called ‘red’, ‘red’ is called ‘white’,
‘white’ is called ‘sky’, ‘sky’ is called
‘rain’, ‘rain’ is called ‘green’ and
1. If the word “CODING” is
‘green’ is called ‘air’, then which of
represented as “DPEJOH”, then the
the following is the colour of milk?
word
a) air
“CURFEW” will be represented as:
b) Green
a) DVSGFX
c) White
b) DVSHFX
d) Sky
c) DGSHFX
d) DTSGFY Answer : Sky
Answer : DVSGFX Solution :
Solution : The color of milk is white. In the question,
Here, the coding logic is (+1). Given, white is coded as sky. So the answer is sky.
C O D I N G +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 D P E J O
4. If the word “TEST” is coded as
H
“UHXA”, then which word will be
Similarly, C U R F E W +1 +1 +1 +1 +1
coded as “NDWR”?
+1 DVSGFX
a) MARD
b) MASK
2. In a certain language, “ENTRY” is
c) MARK
coded as “12345” and “STEADY” is
d) MEKR
coded as “931785”, then find the
code for the word “TENANT”. Answer : MARK
a) 956169
Solution :
b) 196247
c) 352123 In the question, TEST is coded as UHXA.
d) 312723 The coding pattern is +1, +3, +5, +7.
Answer : 312723 TEST
Solution : +1 +3 +5 +7
In the question each letter has been U H XA
assigned a numerical value. ENTRY is Performing the reverse operation
coded as “12345” (decoding), the code for NDWR is
obtained.
So, N D W R
-1 -3 -5 -7 MNOPQR
MAR K MATM O
POWER
5. In a certain code language, “LQN So ‘EASY’ is coded as
PMW QTV” means “Rose is ED
beautiful” and “BJC QTV OSD” AZY
means “Rani likes Rose”. Which SRQP
word in that language means YXCVW
“Rose”? EASY
a) LQN U P Y D is the answer
b) BJC
c) QTV 7. If “ROSE” is coded as “6821”,
d) PMW “CHAIR” is coded as “73456”, what
Answer : QTV will be the code for “SEARCH”?
Solution : a) 246173
“Rose is beautiful” is coded as “LQN b) 214673
PMW QTV”. c) 214763
“Rani likes Rose” is coded as “BJC QTV d) 216473
OSD”. Answer : 214673
In the first 2 sentences, the only common Solution :
word is ‘Rose’ and the only common word ROSE is coded as 6821
in their respective codes is ‘QTV’. CHAIR is coded as 73456
Hence ‘Rose’ is coded as ‘QTV’. SEARCH is coded as ?
Comparing ROSE and CHAIR
6. If the word “POWER” is coded as S EAR C H
“MATMO”, then how is the word 214673
“EASY” coded?
a) UPDY 8. If 1 is coded as X, 2 is coded as M, 3
b) UDYP is coded as D, 4 is coded as H, 5 is
c) DYFT coded as T, 6 is coded as L, 7 is
d) UPYD coded as P, 8 is coded as V, 9 is coded
Answer : UPYD as N, then which one of the following
Solution : is the coded form of 3972465?
a) DNPMHLP
POWER’ coded as ‘MATMO’ b) DNPMHNT
In ‘MATMO’ c) DNPMHLT
Last letter O d) DNPMNLT
In POWER Answer : DNPMHLT
First letter P Solution :
OP 1 coded by X
MNO 2 coded by M
TUVW 3 coded by D
ABCDE 4 coded by H
5 coded by T b) Wednesday
6 coded by L c) Victory
7 coded by P d) Secret
8 coded by V Answer : Attack
9 coded by N Solution :
Coded form of 3972465 DNPMHLT Secret Tenils
Krux Attack
Three enemy messages were intercepted Berox Wednesday
at a communications headquarters and Krux mean Attack
the code was broken, and it was found
out that “Berok tenils krux” means 10. What is the code for secret?
“secret attack Wednesday”, “barom zax a) Pili
tenils” means “secret plans included” b) Tenils
and “Gradnor berok pili elan” means c) Zax
“Wednesday victory is ours”. d) Berok
Answer : Tenils
9. What does krux mean? Solution :
a) Attack Code for secret Tenils

CONCEPT OF ODD MAN OUT

The concept of odd man out 56, 72, 90, 110, 132, 150
involves identifying an element or item So the odd term is 150.
that is different or does not fit within a
given group or pattern. It is based on the 2. Identify the odd term:
idea of finding a dissimilar or unique 125, 126, 124, 127, 123, 129
element among others that share some a) 126
common characteristics. b) 124
c) 123
PRACTICE QUESTIONS d) 129
Answer : 129
Solution :
1. Identify the odd term:
In the given series, odd places decrease by
56, 72, 90, 110, 132, 150
1 and even places increases by 1.
a) 90
So odd man out= 129.
b) 132
c) 150
d) 56
3. Identify the odd term:
Answer : 150
RAT, OUT, BED, LOT, TIN
Solution :
a) LOT
In the given series, difference between the
b) TIN
terms is in A.P.
c) RAT
16 18 20 22 28 It should be 24.
 d) OUT c) 10
Answer : OUT d) 27
Solution : Answer : 10
In the series, RAT , OUT , BED , LOT ,
TIN 7. Identify the odd term in the series:
Each term should have only one vowel. 4, 9, 19, 39, 79, 160, 319
But, OUT has 2 vowels. So the odd term = a) 319
OUT. b) 160
4. Identify the odd term: c) 79
3, 4, 10, 32, 136, 685, 4116 d) 39
a) 10 Answer : 160
b) 32 Solution :
c) 685 The pattern follows like this:
d) 4116 (4*2)+1 = 9.
Answer : 32 (9*2)+1 =19.
Solution : 3 (1*x+1) (2*x+2) (3*x+3) (19*2)+1 =39.
(4*x+4) (5*x+5)… (39*2)+1 =79.
Where x is the previous term (79*2)+1 =159. Here pattern is not
But here instead of 32 it should have been followed. [as per the given series it is 160.]
33. So odd term is 32. (159*2)+1 =319.
Hence the term 160 does not follow the
5. Identify the odd term in the series: pattern here
40960, 10240, 2560, 460, 160, 40, 10
a) 16 8. Identify the odd term in the series:
b) 160 H, K, N, P, T, W
c) 10240 a) K
d) 460 b) N
Answer : 460 c) T
Solution : The pattern follows like this- d) P
409604 = 10240 [“each term is divided by Answer : P
4 to get the next term]. Solution :
10240/4 = 2560 ;2560/ 4 = 640;640/4 =
160;160/4 = 40;40/4 = 10 H, K, N, P, T, W
But in the given series instead of 640, it is The pattern exhibited by the number code
given 460 which is not following the same is :-
pattern. 8, 11, 14, 16, 20, 23.
Odd term is 460. The pattern is 11 – 8 = 3
Ans : option(d) 460 14 – 11 = 3
i.e instead of 16, it should be 17, i.e Q
6. Identify the odd term in the series: www.focusacademy.in Coding &
3, 10, 27, 4, 16, 64, 5, 25, 125 Decoding Instructor Notes Page 12 of 14
a) 3
b) 4 P is the odd one out.
9. Identify the odd term in the series: Hence, instead of 19, it’s 18.
4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 25, 32 So, odd man out is 18.
a) 18
b) 7 10. Identify the odd term in the series:
c) 14 D, E, G, J, L, S
d) 32 a) D
Answer : 18 b) L
Solution : c) G
4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 25, 32 d) S
To find the pattern, check for the Answer : S
difference between the numbers. i.e Solution : The identified pattern here is
5 – 4 =1 D0E1G2J3L4Q
7 – 5 =2 Starting from the first and second term,
10 – 7 =3 there is no alphabet but between second
14 – 10 =4 and third term, there is one alphabet and so
19 – 14 =5 on as shown in the above series.
ANALOGY AND VISUAL REASONING

Concept of Analogy 8 : 81 :: 7 : ?
Analogy reasoning is a cognitive process a) 49
where one understands or solves a problem b) 36
by drawing parallels or comparisons c) 64
between the problem at hand and a similar d) 50
situation or concept. Analogies involves Answer : 64
identifying the underlying relationships Solution :
and mapping them from one domain to The series given is; 8 : 81 :: 7 : ?
another. This method of reasoning can be Second term is obtained by incrementing
used in various fields, such as problem- the first term by 1 and squaring it. So
solving, decision-making, learning, and missing term is (7+1)2= 64.
communication.
4. Complete the following series.
8 : 81 :: 7 : ?
a) 49
PRACTICE QUESTIONS b) 36
c) 64
1. Complete the following series. d) 50
49 : 81 :: 100 : ? Answer : 64
a) 64
b) 144 5. Complete the following series.
c) 169 B : D :: C : ?
d) 121 a) I
Answer : 144 b) K
Solution : c) S
If x^2 is the first term, second tern is d) V
obtained by (x+2)2. Answer : I
49 : 81 :: 100 : ? Solution :
Which is: 72 : 92 :: 102 : 122 The series given is; B : D :: C : ?
So, answer is (10+2)2 = 144. Place value of B= 2, second term is D= 22
2. Complete the following series. =4. Place value of C= 3, so next term is
DDA : ADD :: RRB : ? 32= 9. The answer is 9th letter I.
a) BBR
b) BRR 6. Complete the following series.
c) RRR 6 : 222 :: 7 : ?
d) DDA a) 210
Answer : BRR b) 336
Solution : Second term is the mirror image c) 343
of first term. So answer is BRR. d) 350
Answer : 350
3. Complete the following series. Solution : The second term is obtained by
adding first term to the cube of first term. 33 = 27; next term = 43+1= 64+1=65.
i.e. 222 = 6+ 63. 8: 28: : 27: 65
Therefore, the missing term is 7+73= 350.
9. 5 : 124 :: 7 : ?
7. 42 : 20 :: 64 : ? a) 125
a) 32 b) 248
b) 31 c) 342
c) 33 d) 343
d) 34 Answer : 342
Answer : 31 Solution :
Solution : 5: 124: : 7: ?
The logic here is 42/2= 21 – 1 =20; 64/2= 124=53-1 = 125 – 1
32 – 1= 31 73-1 = 343 – 1 =342
42: 20 : : 64: 31. 5: 124: : 7: 342

8. 8 : 28 :: 27 : ? 10. ACE : FHJ :: OQS : ?

a) 55 a) PRT
b) 63 b) RTU
c) 64 c) TVX
d) 65 d) UWY
Answer : 65 Answer : TVX
Solution : 23 = 8 ; 28=33+1 = 27+1 .

CONCEPT OF VISUAL REASONING

Visual Reasoning, as the name suggests deals with the logical reasoning topics which deals
with the graphical representation of a problem and solving the problem based on the
representation. Visual representations test the candidate’s aptitudes towards creative thinking
and visualization along with object and image recognition and so on. Several important topics
under visual reasoning are image and figure counting, cube and dice, Venn diagram, seating
arrangement, direction and distance and so on.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Each of the following questions consists of five figures marked 1, 2, 3, 4

and 5 called the Problem Figures followed by five other figures marked
a, b, c, d and e called the Answer Figures. Select a figure from amongst
the answer figures which will be in continuation with the problem
figures.
 Answer : E
Solution : Here the horizontal line remains same whereas vertical line changes
perpendicularly. Similar changes in fig 3 & 4. Extending this logic, the continuation
figure for 5 is Figure.(e)

2. Each of the following questions consists of five figures marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 called
the Problem Figures followed by five other figures marked a, b, c, d and e called the
Answer Figures. Select a figure from amongst the answer figures which will be in
continuation with the problem figures.

Answer : B
Solution :
On comparing fig. 1& 2, the shaded region increases to 2 more squares in
anticlockwise direction. Also there is an increase by two cells and decrement of last
cell in clockwise direction. Similar changes in fig. 3& 4.
Extending this logic, the continuation figure for fig. 5 is Figure.(b)

3. Each of the following questions consists of five figures marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 called
the Problem Figures followed by five other figures marked a, b, c, d and e called the
Answer Figures. Select a figure from amongst the answer figures which will be in
continuation with the problem figures.

Answer : B
4. In each of the following question, there are two problem figures followed by the
answer figures marked as a, b, c, d and e. The two problem figures have some
common characteristics. Select the answer figure which has the same characteristics.

Answer : E
Solution :
In the problem fig, each polygon side increases by 1 as we move outwards. [ inner =
middle = outer]
+1 +1
Same characteristics are seen in answer figure. e.

5. In each of the following question, there are two problem figures followed by the
answer figures marked as a, b, c, d and e. The two problem figures have some
common characteristics. Select the answer figure which has the same characteristics.

Answer : D

6. Out of the five given figures, four are similar in a certain way. One figure is not like
the other four i.e., four figures form a group based on some common characteristics.
Find out the figure which does not belong to the group i.e., which does not share the
common features / characteristics with the other four figures.
 a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E

Answer : B
Solution : Here in this figure, the arrow moves away from the center, but I
figure (b), one arrow moves towards the center of triangle.
So, (b) does not belong to this group.

7.

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer : B
Solution :
Diagonally inner and outermost extremes were shaded..if this is considered the option will be
'a'.similarly if we observe the figure keenly we can find the second image is different in terms
of arrow.If that is the case the answer will be 'b'
In each of the following questions, there are four figures (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) which
constitute the problem set and the answer figures marked a, b, c, d and e each consisting
of two figures
marked (i) and (iv) which constitute the answer set. Select a figure from the answer sets,
the content of which best substitute(?) in the problem sets such that figure (iii) is related
to figure (iv) in same way as figure (i) is related to figure(ii).
8.

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer : C
Solution :
two figures in the question set must be identified their pattern. According to the pattern, we
look for the
best substitute for the question marks from the answer set A, B, C, D and E.
The best substitute for fig I and IV will be in the box c.

9.

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer : A
Solution :
I and III are the halves of II and IV placed vertically. If we check form the
option we get option (a).
10.

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer : No option
Solution : A square becomes double with point at center. Similarly, hexagon also becomes
concentric in shape with a point at the center.
 DICES
Concept:
Two types of Dice:

Standard/ Universal/ Specific:

The sum of the opposite sides will be equal to 7.
General Dices:
The sum of the adjacent sides will be equal to 7.
If one of the numbers is common in both the dice when two dice have the same surface, then
the remaining surfaces of both dice are opposite to each other.

If any two numbers are the same in two dices irrespective of their position on the dice then
the remaining third number in both the dice are opposite to each other.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Two positions of a dice are shown. When 4 is at the bottom, what number will be on
the top?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 5
d) 6
Answer : 1
Solution :

2. Four positions of a dice are shown below. What number must be at the bottom
face when the dice is in the position as shown in the figure(iii)
 a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 6
Answer : 1
Solution : From figures (i), (ii), (iv) we conclude that 5, 6, 1 and 2 lie adjacent to 4. Hence, 3
must lie opposite 4 and vice-versa. In fig. (iii), 3 is at the top and consequently 4 must lie at
the bottom face.
3. Two positions of a dice are shown below: When 2 is at the bottom, what number will
be at the top?
a) 6
b) 4
c) 1
d) 5
Answer : 1
Solution : Number 3 is common to both the figures (i) and (ii). The dice in fig. (ii) is assumed
to be rotated so that 3 remains on the FR-RH face (i.e. face I as per activity 1) and the
numbers 5 and 2 move to the faces hidden behind the numbers 6 and 1 respectively [in fig.
(i)]. Thus, the combined figure will have 3 on FR-RH face (i.e. face I), 5 on RR-RH face (i.e.
face II), 2 on Bottom face (i.e. face VI), 1 on the Top face (i.e. face V) and 6 on FR-LH face
(i.e. face IV). Clearly, 2 lies opposite 1. Hence, when 2 is at the bottom, then 1 will be at the
top.
4. Three positions of a dice are given. Based on them find out which number is found
opposite the number 2 in the given cube
a) 6
b) 4
c) 1
d) 5
Answer : 6
5. What is the opposite face of “Red”?
a) Yellow
b) Red
c) Blue
d) None
Answer : Yellow
Solution : Blue is common in both dices, so putting blue as a constant term we have to rotate
two dices by clockwise and anticlockwise direction, so we get the opposite side of red is
yellow.
6. Among the four alternatives which are cannot be the similar box as the question
figure.
a) Only i
b) Only ii
c) ii and iii only
d) ii, iii, iv only
Answer : ii and iii only
Solution : option (b) and option (c) cannot satisfies the conditions of dice formation, as option
(b) B cannot be adjacent to D and in option (c) two white faces cannot be adjacent to each
other.

7. Choose the box that is similar to the box formed from the given sheet of paper (X)

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer : 2

8. Choose the box that is similar to the box formed from the given sheet of paper (X)

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer : 2
9. Two Position of a dice are shown below as (i) and (i). When six is at the bottom, what
number will be at the top?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 5
Answer : 5
Solution : From both the figures we find that numbers 1,2 and 4 dots appear adjacent to 6.
thus, the number 5 dots will appear opposite to 6. Therefore when 6 is at the bottom, then 5
will be at the top.

10. A dice is thrown four times and its four different positions are shown below. Find the
number on the face opposite the face showing 2.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer : 5
Solution : from figure i, ii and iv we conclude that 6, 4, 3 and 1 lie adjacent to 2. Hence 5 be
opposite of 2.

11. Three different positions X, Y and Z of a dice are shown in the figures given below.
Which numbers are hidden behind the numbers 6 and 5 in the position Z?
a) 1 & 4
b) 1 & 3
c) 4 & 3
d) 1& 2
Answer : 1 & 3
Solution : From positions X and Y we conclude that 1, 5, 6 and 3 lie adjacent to 4. Therefore,
2 must lie opposite 4. From positions Y and Z we conclude that 4, 3, 2 and 5 lie adjacent to 6.
Therefore, 1 must lie opposite 6. Thus, 2 lies opposite 4, 1 lies opposite 6 and consequently 5
lies opposite 3.
As analysed above, the number opposite 6 is 1 and the number opposite 5 is 3. Therefore, the
numbers hidden behind the numbers 6 and 5 in position Z (these are the numbers opposite 5
and 6 respectively) are 1 and 3.
12. Two positions of a dice are shown below (i) and (ii). When 3 is at the top which
number will be at the bottom?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer : 5
Solution : As number 6 position is same in both the figures. We can assume that the dice to be
rotated so that 6 remains on the same face and 1,3,4 and 5 will be arranged ascending order as
all are adjacent to 6. Hence, when 3 is in top, 5 will be at bottom.

13. Two positions of a block are shown below (i) and (ii). When 2 dots is at the bottom
which number of dots will be at the top?
a) 3
b) 5
c) 6
d) Cannot be determined
Answer : 3
Solution : Number 1 is common to both the figures (i) and (ii). The dice in fig. (ii) is assumed
to be rotated so that 1 dot moves to the top face i.e to the same position as in figure (i) and 2
and 4 dots move to the face behind the faces with 3 and 5 dots respectively. Clearly by
combination, 3 dots lie on the face opposite the face having 2 dots. Therefore, when there are
2 dots at the bottom, the number of dots at the top will be 3.

14. Which number is on the opposite surface of number 1?

a) 5
b) 3
c) 4
d) 2
Answer : 3
Solution : From all the figures given, we can come to the conclusion that it is not numbers 5
or 4 or 2 that is opposite to 1. So it will be 3.

15. A cube has six different symbols drawn over its six faces. The symbols are dot,
circle, triangle, square, cross and arrow. Three different positions of the cube are
shown in figures X, Y, and Z.
 Which symbol is opposite the arrow?
a) Circle
b) Triangle
c) Dot
d) Cross
Answer : Triangle
Solution : From figures X and Y, we conclude that dot, circle, square and cross lie adjacent to
the triangle. Therefore, the arrow must lie opposite the triangle. From figures X and Z, we
conclude that dot, triangle, arrow and cross lie adjacent to the circle. Therefore, the square
must lie opposite the circle. Thus, the arrow lies opposite the triangle, the square lies opposite
the circle and consequently, the cross lies opposite the dot.
As analysed above, the symbol opposite the arrow is the triangle.
COUNTING OF GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
Concept
The counting of figures is a concept in visual reasoning and problem-solving that
involves determining the number of distinct figures or shapes present in a given pattern or
arrangement.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. How many squares are there in the figure?
a) 16
b) 17
c) 26
d) 30

Answer : 30
2. How many triangles are there in the given figure?
a) 16
b) 14
c) 8
d) 12

Answer : 16

3. How many triangles are there in the given figure?

a) 4
b) 2
c) 3
d) 5

Answer : 3

4. How many triangles are in the figure?

a) 10
b) 8
c) 12
d) 11

Answer : 10'

5. How many triangle is in the given figure?

a) 10
b) 12
c) 14
d) 16
Answer : 10

6. How many squares are there in the figure?

a) 16
b) 18
c) 25
d) 27

Answer : 27
7. Find the number of rectangles in the figure.
a) 22
b) 18
c) 20
d) 24

Answer : 22

8. Find the number of squares in the figure.

a) 10
b) 16
c) 19
d) 12

Answer : 19

9. Find the number of squares in the figure.

a) 13
b) 14
c) 15
d) 16

Answer : 15

10. Find the number of squares in the figure.

a) 22
b) 26
c) 24
d) 19
Answer : 24

11. How many triangles are there in the given figure?

a) 38
b) 44
c) 46
d) 54
Answer : 44

12. Find the number of triangles in the given figure.

a) 29
b) 25
c) 28
d) 26

Answer : 28
13. How many triangles are there in the below figure?
a) 6
b) 12
c) 10
d) 8

Answer : 8

14. How many triangles are there in the following figure?

a) 8
b) 12
c) 11
d) 17

Answer : 17
15. Find the number of triangles and squares in the given figure
a) 21 triangle, 7 squares
b) 18 triangles, 8 squares
c) 20 triangles, 8 squares
d) 22 triangles, 7 squares
Answer : 21 triangles, 7 squares
 ALPHA NUMERIC SERIES

Concept e) None of these

Alphanumeric series is formed Answer : Fifteen

by combining both alphabets and numbers. Solution : C RDP TRI MAR XBC TOS
Alphanumeric series sometimes include The number of letters between B and R is
symbols such as @,&,#, etc. So we can say fifteen.
that the Alphanumeric series is the
combination of alphabets, numbers and 3. If all the words are arranged in the
symbols. dictionary order from left to right,
Direction (1-4): Study the following then which of the following word is
information carefully and answer the third from the right end?
questions given below. a) TRI
b) RDP
RDP TRI MAR XBC TOS c) TOS
1. If all the letters are arranged in d) MAR
alphabetical order from left to right e) XBC
within each word, then how many Answer : TOS
meaningful words can be formed? Solution :
a) One RDP TRI MAR XBC TOS
b) None MAR RDP TOS TRI XBC
c) Three
d) Four 4. If all the consonants are changed to
e) More than four the next letter as per the English
alphabetical series, then how many
Answer : None words thus formed will have more
Solution : than one vowel?
a) One
RDP TRI MAR XBC TOS b) None
DPR IRT AMR BCX OST c) Two
d) Three
2. How many letters are there between e) Four
the third letter of the third word from Answer : Two
the left end and the second letter of the Solution :
second word from the right end as per RDP TRI MAR XBC TOS
the English alphabetical series? SEQ USI NAS YCD UOT
a) Nine
b) Eleven Direction (5-7): Study the following
c) Fifteen information carefully and answer the
d) Ten questions given below.
CAR SUN WAR RAY FLY TAN CAR SUN WAR RAY FLY TAN
5. If all the letters are arranged in the DAS TUO XAS SAZ GMZ UAO
alphabetical order from left to right
within each word, then how many 8. E G H I A B N W Q E T I O L M B V
words thus formed are meaningful? SAPETXOE
a) One How many vowels are there in the
b) Two series?
c) Three a) 10
d) More than three b) 9
e) None c) 11
Answer : Two d) 12
Solution : e) None
Answer : 10
CAR SUN WAR RAY FLY TAN
ACR NSU ARW ARY FLY ANT
9. How many such consonants are
Hence, option B is correct.
there in the series which are
immediately preceded and
6. If all the words are arranged in the
immediately succeeded by vowels?
dictionary order from right to left,
E G H IAB NWQ ETI O LMBV
then which of the following word is
SAPETXOE
second from the left end?
a) 2
a) SUN
b) 1
b) WAR
c) 3
c) RAY
d) 4
d) TAN
e) None
e) None of these
Answer : 2
Answer : TAN
Solution :
10. Which of the following alphabet is
CAR SUN WAR RAY FLY TAN
fourth to the left of the ninth
WAR TAN SUN RAY FLY CAR
alphabet from the right end?
Hence, option D is correct.
E G H IAB NWQ ETI O LMBV
SAPETXOE
7. If all the consonants are replaced
a) M
with the next letter in the English
b) I
alphabetical series, then how many
c) L
words thus formed will have more
d) O
than one vowel?
Answer : O
a) One
b) Two
11. W-144, __, S-100, Q-81, O-64
c) Three
a) U-122
d) More than three
b) U-121
e) None
c) V-121
Answer : Two
d) V-128
Solution :
Answer : U – 121
14. DHL, PTX, BFJ, ?
12. ZA5, Y4B, XC6, W3D, ___? a) CGK
a) V2E b) RVZ
b) VE7 c) NRV
c) E7V d) KOZ
d) VE5 Answer : NRV
Answer : VE7
15. cccbb_aa_cc_bbbaa_c
13. a, k, e, o, i, s, ? , ?, q, a, u, e a) acbc
a) l, v b) baca
b) m, v c) baba
c) l, w d) aaba
d) m, w Answer : baca
Answer : m, w
 LA – 6

1. Five friends Abishek, Babu, c) 4

Chandru, Deepak and Elena are of d) 1
different weights. Babu is heavier Answer : 4
than Deepak, who is heavier than Solution :
Chandru but lighter than Elena, who Number of people
is heavier than Abishek but lighter heavier than Abhishek
than Babu. Who is the heaviest From 1st 4
among them? arrangement
a) Elena From 2nd 2
b) Babu arrangement
c) Chandru From 3rd 3
d) None of these arrangement
Answer : Babu
Solution : So, the answer is 4 (c)
B B B
E E E 4. Answer these questions based on the
D A D following information
C D A In a 6 member family with two
A C C fathers and three brothers, Cindy is
Babu is the heaviest among five the sister of Farah. Benny is the
persons brother of Eliot’s husband. Duncan
is the father of Andy and
2. Who among the following can be the Grandfather of Farah.
lightest? How is Duncan related to Benny?
a) Chandru
b) Deepak a) Father
c) Elena b) Grandfather
d) None of these c) Brother
Answer : Chandru d) Cannot be
Solution : From the above 3 determined
arrangements, Chandru is the lightest
person in two arrangements. So, Answer : Cannot be
Chandru can be the lightest person. determined
Option(a) Solution : Duncan can be brother of
Benny
3. What is the maximum number of
people, who can be heavier than 5. Who is C’s mother?
Abishek? a) Eliot
a) 3 b) Benny
b) 2 c) Farah
 d) Andy Solution : Add prime numbers with
Answer : Eliot alphabets
Solution : C’s mother is Eliot(a)
9. 12, 6, 6, 9, 18,?
6. At what time between 3.00 and a) 90
4.00 are the hands of the clock b) 27
together? c) 45
a) 3 hours 32 (8/11) minutes d) 30
b) 4 hours 21 (9/11) minutes Answer : 45
c) 3 hours 16 (4/11) minutes Answer these questions based on the
d) 3 hours 16 (9/11) minutes following information
Answer : 3 hours 16 (4/11) minutes
A number Arrangement algorithm when
Solution :
given an input of a set of numbers arranges
The angle between hands of the them in the following step by step process.
clock  = 30H(11/2)M Input: 21 33 47 11 38 55 69 42
Here,  = 0; 0 = 30(3)(11/2)M Step1: 69 33 47 11 38 55 21 42
 M= 180/11 = 16 Step2: 69 55 47 11 38 33 21 42
(4/11) min. Step3: 69 55 47 42 38 33 21 11
At 3 hours 16(4/11) min, the hands
of the clock together. Answer is 10. Which of the following steps will have
option (c) the numbers arranged as “ 72, 65, 54,
40, 35, 23, 9, 10, 19”, if it’s second step
7. Which among the was “72, 65, 9, 23, 35, 54, 40, 10, 19”.
following is not a leap a) Step 5
year? b) Step 4
a) 2011 c) Step 3
b) 2100 d) Step 6
c) 2000 Answer : Step 5
d) More than one of the Solution :
above Step 2: 72 65 9 23 35 54 40 10 19
Answer : More than one of the Step 3: 72 65 54 40 35 9 23 10 19
above Step 4: 72 65 54 40 35 9 23 10 19
Solution : 2100 and 2000 both are Step 5: 72 65 54 40 35 23 9 10 19
leap years.
11. How many more steps are required to
8. If LION is coded as get to the last step, if it’s second step was
NLTU, how will TIGER “85, 79, 66, 1, 9, 10, 18, 25, 39”?
be coded as? a) 4
a) VLLCC b) 5
b) VLLLA c) 2
c) VLLLC d) 3
d) None of the above Answer : 3
Answer : VLLLC Solution : Given that
 Step2: 85 79 66 1 9 10 18 25 39 It satisfies. So answer is option (a) AD
Step3: 85 79 66 39 9 10 18 251
Step4: 85 79 66 39 25 10 18 9 1 Each problem contains a question and
Step5: 85 79 66 39 25 18 10 9 1 two statements giving certain data. You
The output will be reached at step5 have to select the correct answer from
i.e.,from step2 to step5. (a) to (e) depending on the sufficiency of
the data given in the statements to
12. What will be the minimum number of answer the question.
cuts required to cut a cube into 80 Mark your answer as:
pieces? (a) If statement I alone is sufficient
a) 12 (b) If statement II alone is sufficient
b) 11 (c) If both I and II together are sufficient,
c) 9 but neither of the statement alone is
d) 10 sufficient
Answer : 10 (d) If either of the statements I and
Solution : II is sufficient
1. Given number of pieces = 80 (e) If statements I and II together
are not sufficient
Possible Number of cuts
The minimum number of cuts required = Combination
10 cuts 1*1*80 0+0+79 = 79
cuts
1*2*40 0+1+39 = 40
13. All rocks are stones
cuts
a) Some pebbles are rocks 1*4*20 0+3+19 = 22
b) Some pebbles are hard cuts
c) Some hard are rocks 1*5*16 0+4+15 = 19
d) Some pebbles are stones cuts
1*8*10 0+7+9 = 16 cuts
a) AD 2*2*20 1+1+19 = 21
cuts
b) BA
2*4*10 1+3+9 = 13 cuts
c) AB 2*5*8 1+4+7 = 12 cuts
d) BC 4*4*5 3+3+4 = 10 cuts
Answer : AD
Solution : 14. Among five friends who is the
tallest?
1st premise: All rocks are stones I. P is taller than Q and R
Going from options, II. T is shorter than S but
Option a: AD taller than P
Answer : Both the statements are not
2nd premise: Some pebbles are sufficient
rocks Solution : Here they have not
mentioned who are that 5 friends, we
conclusion: Some pebbles are hard cannot assume that the five friends are
P, Q, R, S, and T. So, answer is option Solution : Statement I: Five years
(e) both the statements together are not hence, the ratio of their ages will be
sufficient. 3:4. For this we can take present age
ratio as 6:7[given],
15. Is the ratio of present ages of
6x+5/ 7x+5 = ¾ ➔ 24x+20 = 21x+15
A and B 6:7?
=3x = -5 ➔ x=-5/3.
I. Five years hence, the
ratio of their ages will Five years hence the age can’t be
be 3:4 reduced, it should be increased. From
II. The present age of A is this we can say answer is ‘no’.
Statement I is sufficient
42
Statement II: They have given that A’s
Answer : Statement I alone is age is 42 they have not mentioned B’s
sufficient age; we can’t come to a conclusion.
From this answer is option (a)
Statement I alone is sufficient.
 LA – 5

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. At McDonalds you can order adding it we are getting Rs.29, but the
Chicken McNuggets in boxes of 6, 9, actual amount was Rs.30 where is that one
and 20. What is the largest number rupee is the question. When we have a
such that you cannot order any look at this problem it’s just amazing, the
combination of the above to achieve calculations seems to be correct but there
exactly the number you want? is Re.1 Loss. This is not a correct way to
approach. 25$ they are spending for hotel
Answer : 43 McNuggetts and they give 2$ to the room boy. Now
total has become 27$ and also they are
2. Three men walk into a motel and ask getting 1$ each. Total has become 27+3(1)
for a room. The desk clerk says a = 30$
room is $30 so each man pays $10
towards the cost. Later, the clerk 3. Joe's happiness is proportional to
realizes he made a mistake, that the the function w2*c (w squared * c),
room should have been $25. He calls where w stands for daily
the bell boy over and asks him to consumption of glasses of wine, and
refund the other $5 to the three men. c stands of daily consumption of
The bellboy, not wanting to mess number of cigars. Wine costs $3 a
with a lot of change dividing the $5 glass and cigars cost $2 each. His
three ways, decides to lie about the daily budget for both is $100. How
price, refunding each man $1 and should he divide his money between
keeping the other $2 for himself. wine and cigars to maximize his
Ultimately each man paid $9 happiness? Assume he does not have
towards the room and the bellboy to buy integer numbers of either
got $2, totaling $29. But the original cigars or wine.
charge was $30, where did the extra
$1 go? Answer : 96 $ for wine and 4$ for cigars
Solution : Function of happiness is w2 * c,
Answer : 30 dollars So both the values must be an integer so
Solution : First Person Second Person that only we can get a integer value. So joe
Third Person Rs.10 Rs.10 Rs.10 Actual has to buy both wine and cigars. Lets
Bill  Rs.25 Now, let us come to the assume joe has 10$, how much wine and
problem. The Manager is giving Rs.5 to cigars he can buy for this money , Wine
the bell boy and he is giving Re.1 to each cigar i) 3 glasses 0 ii) 2 glasses 2 cigars iii)
men and he took the remaining Rs.2. First 1 glass 3 cigars iv) 0 glass 5 cigars There
Person Second Person Third Person Rs.10- are 4 cases, among these case i & iv are
1 Rs.10-1 Rs.10-1 Rs.9 Rs.9 Rs.9 So, all not possible, because he will get the
the three men contributed Rs.9 which happiness value as 0. So take ii, Happiness
gives Rs.27, the bell boy took Rs.2 himself = 22 * 2 = 8 Take iii, Happiness = 12 * 3 =
3. Happiness is more in the case ii. So to time other than a 4-minute hourglass
get more happiness glasses of wine should and a 7 minute hourglass. You do
be maximum and cigars should minimum. have a stove however with water in a
He has 100$ with him, one glass of wine pot already boiling. Somebody asks
costs 3$, so he can buy 33 glasses for 99$, you for a 9-minute egg, and you
but he should buy at least 1 cigars to get know this person is a perfectionist
the maximum happiness. So reduce the and will be able to tell if you
glasses of wine to 32 glasses for 96$. undercook or overcook the eggs by
Remaining 4$, for this amount he can buy even a few seconds. What is the least
2 cigars. amount of turns it will take to
prepare the egg?
So he has to divide his money as 96$ for
wine and 4$ for cigars Answer : 4 flips
Solution : i. Flip both hourglasses over and
4. A bartender has a three-pint glass drop the egg into the water. ii. When the 4-
and a five-pint glass. A customer minute timer runs out, flip it over (4
walks in and orders four pints of minutes elapsed, 3 remaining on the 7-
beer. Without a measuring cup but minute timer). iii. When the 7-minute
with an unlimited supply of beer timer runs out, flip it over. (7 minutes
how does he get four pints in either elapsed, 1 remaining in the 4-minute
glass? timer) iv. When the 4-minute timer runs
out, flip the 7-minute timer over. (8
Answer : 3 pint glass 5 pint glass ----- ---- minutes elapsed. 6 minutes remained in the
3003331510013104 7-minute timer, but flipping it over leaves
one minute’s worth of sand on top. When
5. A box contains two coins. One coin is it runs out exactly nine minutes will have
heads on both sides and the other is elapsed.)
heads on one side and tails on the
other. One coin is selected from the 7. Person x and y have the following
box at random and the face of one conversation:
side is observed. If the face is heads x: I forgot how old your three kids
what is the probability that the other are.
side is heads? y: The product of their ages is 36.
x: I still don't know their ages.
Answer : ½ y: The sum of their ages is the same
Solution : as your house number.
Coin 1 Heads and Heads Coin 2 Heads x: I still don't know their ages. y:
and Tails We need a coin which has heads The oldest one has red hair. x: Now I
on both the faces (Coin 1). Probability of know their ages!
selecting Coin 1 from the box with two What is their ages and how?
coins= ½
Answer : 2,2,9
6. You are a cook in a remote area with Solution :
no clocks or other way of keeping
First clue says that the product is 36, Like weigh the same and the fake weighs
all numbers, 36 can be broken down into less than the real ones. Using a
primes in only one way: 36 = 2*2*3*3 balance scale twice how can you
From this breakdown we can discover the weed out the fake one?
eight possible configurations of the
children's ages: 1,1,36 1,2,18 1,3,12 1,4,9 Answer : Weigh any three pearls against
1,6,6 2,2,9 2,3,6 3,3,4 If we look at the any other three. If one side is higher than
sums of the different configurations, we the other, then the fake pearl is on that
will find: 1+1+36=38 1+2+18=21 side. If the sides stay equal the fake pearl
1+3+12=16 1+4+9=14 1+6+6=13 is in the three you didn’t use. For the
2+2+9=13 2+3+6=11 3+3+4=10 Since we second weighing take any two of the bad
know that person y couldn't tell what the three and weigh one against the other. If
children's ages were from the second hint one side goes up that side has the fake
(and since person y no doubt knows his pearl. If the two sides stay the same the
own house number) we can conclude that unused pearl of the three is fake.
only two configurations are possible -
1,6,6 and 2,2,9. From the third clue, we 10. You have 10 bags full of coins; in
know that there is an oldest child, so the each bag are 1,000 coins. But one
configuration 1,6,6 is impossible. bag is full of forgeries, and you can't
Therefore, the children's ages are 2, 2 and remember which one. But you do
9. know that a genuine coin weigh 1
gram, but forgeries weigh 1.1 grams.
8. A woman is chosen at random To hide the fact that you can't
among all women that have two remember which bag contains
children. She is asked do you have at forgeries, you plan to go just once to
least one boy, and she answers 'yes.' the central weighing machine to get
What is the probability her other ONE ACCURATE weight. How can
child is a boy? Assume every you identify the bag with the
pregnancy has a 50/50 chance to be a forgeries with just one weighing?
boy or a girl.
Answer : If there is only 1 bag with
Answer : ½ forgeries, then take 1 coin from the first
Solution : bag, 2 coins from the second bag . . . 10
A woman is chosen who has 2 children. coins from the tenth bag and simply weigh
She has one boy, next child can be a boy or the picked coins together! If there were no
a girl, have 2 possibilities. Here no of forgeries, you know that the total weight
possible events are 2, No of favorable should be (1+2+3+ . . . +10) = 55 grams.
events is 1 (question is the probability that But if, for example, the weight is 55.3
the next child is a boy). So probability for grams, then you know that 3 coins are
the child to be a boy is = ½. (No. of fav. forgeries, so that must be bag 3. So, that
events/no. of possible events) solves it.

9. You have nine pearls, eight are real 11. 5 pirates of different ages have a
and one is fake. All the real ones treasure of 100 gold coins. On their
 ship, they decide to split the coins have 50% people supporting him and 50%
using this scheme: The oldest pirate people going against decision. 2 and 4 will
proposes how to share the coins, and definitely vote. 3 and 5 will never vote. So
all pirates remaining will vote for or he will make the decision. It is said that all
against it. If 50% or more of the the pirates are intelligent, rational and
pirates vote for it, then the coins will greedy. So he will be taking whatever
be shared that way. Otherwise, the decision he wants to, and he will make the
pirate proposing the scheme will be supporters obey it. He will just be giving 1
thrown overboard, and the process is coin each to 2 and 4 and will be taking all
repeated with the pirates that the 98 coins.
remain. Assuming that all 5 pirates
are intelligent, rational, greedy, and 12. In front of you are several long fuses.
do not wish to die, (and are rather You know they burn for exactly one
good at math for pirates) what hour after you light them at one end.
should the eldest pirate suggest? The entire fuse does not necessarily
burn at a constant speed. For
Answer : We have 5 pirates and 100 gold example, it might take five minutes
coins Suppose 1. Oldest pirate makes a to burn through half the fuse and
decision 2. Will obey and vote 3. Will not fifty-five minutes to burn the other
vote 4. Vote 5. Does not vote 5 th person half. With your lighter and using
will think that if he does not vote for these fuses, how can you measure
anyone, there are chances that all the 4 exactly three-quarters of an hour of
people will be thrown overboard, so he can time?
get all the 100 coins. So he does not vote
for anyone. 4 th person knows that if he is Answer : Light a fuse at one and another
making a decision, he will only have the fuse at the two ends simultaneously. If we
5th person to vote for him. He knows the light up by one end it will burn completely
fact that 5th person won’t vote for any so in one hour, so if we burn at two ends it
as to save his life, so 4th should not make will burn in half an hour. So when the
any decision and he should obey whatever second fuse is burned completely, light the
the older pirates says. So he would first fuse at the other end also, it will be
definitely vote. 3 rd person will have 4 and burned in 15 minutes. So that we can
5 after him. 4 will definitely vote and 5 measure 45 minute that is 3/4th of an hour.
will definitely not vote. So have the 50%
supporters. So 3 won’t vote. He would just 13. Four people need to cross a bridge at
decide. Cal Bill Abe 2 nd person will have night. The bridge is only strong
3, 4, 5 below him. 3, 5 will definitely not enough to hold at most two people at
vote. And 4 would definitely be voting. So once. Because it is night a flashlight
the 2nd person doesn’t have the chance of must be used for all crossings. It
winning as the supporters is not 50% or takes person A ten minutes to cross,
above. So he will not make any decision. person B five minutes, person C two
He will just vote whatever 1 say. 1 st minutes, and person D one minute.
person being the oldest pirate and being If two crosses at the same time they
the first person to make the decision will must walk at the slower man's pace.
 How can you get everyone across in Who is the knight, who the knave, and
17 minutes? who the spy?

Answer : 17 minutes Answer : Alex says “Cody is the Knave”,

Solution : C & D together take 2 minutes, if he is true then the Cody should lie
D will be back to starting point in 1 always. Brook says “Alex is a Knight”, so
minute, A & B will cross it in 10 minutes, if its true whatever Alex says that should
C with flashlight returning in 2 minutes. be true, so he said the above statement,
Therefore, totally they take 17 minutes. that should be true. Cody says “I am the
Spy”, so this should be wrong, he is the
14. A boy and a girl are talking. Knave. So, Alex is Knight, Brook is Spy,
"I am a boy" - said the child with Cody is Knave.
black hair. "I am a girl" - said the
child with white hair.
At least one of them lied.
Who is the boy and who is the girl?

Answer : “I am a boy” – child with black

hair. “I am a girl” – child with white hair.
At least one of them lied, so first one
should be a girl or second one should be a
boy. We know that one boy and one girl
are talking, so if the first one lied, then the
first one is a girl, then second one should
be a boy,. Or if second one lied, then the
second one is a boy, then the first one must
be a girl. So in both the cases, if one lied
then the other is also lied.So it’s clear that
both are lied. So, Child with black hair is a
girl and the child with white hair is a boy
(Or) They both lied. The child with the
black hair is the girl, and the child with the
white hair is the boy. (If only one lied they
would both be boys or both are girls)

15. There are three people (Alex, Brook

and Cody), one of whom is a knight,
one a knave, and one a spy. The
knight always tells the truth, the
knave always lies, and the spy can
either lie or tell the truth.
Alex says: "Cody is a knave." Brook
says: "Alex is a knight." Cody says: "I
am the spy."