Fourier Transform and Z-Transform Questions

from IOE TU Applied Mathematics (SH551)

February 25, 2025

Introduction
This document compiles and analyzes past questions related to Fourier
Transform and Z-Transform from the Institute of Engineering (IOE),
Tribhuvan University (TU), Applied Mathematics (SH551) exams for the
4th semester, spanning from 2067 Mangsir to 2079 Ashwin. Each question is
categorized by topic, frequency of appearance, years asked, and exam type
(Regular or Back).

Fourier Transform Questions

1. Finding Fourier Sine Transform
• Frequency: 8

• Details:

– 2079 Jestha (Back): “Find the Fourier sine transform of e−x , x ≥

R ∞ x sin πe−m
0 and show that 0 1+xmx 2 dx = 2
, m > 0 [3+2]” (1 time)
– 2078 Poush (Back): “Find the Fourier sine transform of f (x) =
R∞
e−m , x > 0, m > 0 and show that 0 ααsin(αx) π −mx
2 +β 2 dα = 2 e ” (1 time)
– 2076 Baisakh (Regular):R ∞ “Find the Fourier sine transform of
−x x2
e , x ≥ 0 and show that 0 (1+x2 )2 dx = π4 ” (1 time)
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): R “Find the Fourier sine transform of
∞ x2
e−x , x ≥ 0 and show that 0 (1+x π
2 )2 dx = 4 ” (1 time)

– 2071 Magh (New Back): R ∞ “Find the Fourier sine transform of

e−x , x ≥ 0 and show that 0 x xsin mx
2 +1 dx = π2 e−m , m > 0” (1 time)

1
 – 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “Find R ∞ the Fourier sine transform of
f (x) = e−x , x ≥ 0 and evaluate 0 (1+x
x sin x
2 ) dx” (1 time)

– 2069 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Fourier sine transform of

e−x , x ≥ 0” (1 time, part of equal marks question)
– 2068 Bhadra (Regular):R ∞ “Obtain Fourier sine transform of
−x x2
e , x > 0 and evaluate 0 (1+x2 )2 dx” (1 time)

• Regular Exam Count: 4

• Back Exam Count: 4

2. Finding Fourier Cosine Transform

• Frequency: 7

• Details:

– 2078 Chaitra (Regular): “FindR the Fourier cosine transform of

∞
f (x) = e−x , x > 0 and show that 0 (1+x1 2 )2 dx = π4 ” (1 time)
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Find the R ∞ Fourier cosine transform of
−x
f (x) = e , x > 0 and show that 0 (1+x2 )2 dx = π4 ” (1 time)
1

– 2072 Ashwin (Regular): R“Find the Fourier cosine transform of

∞
f (x) = e−|x| and show that 0 (1+x1 2 )2 dx = π4 ” (1 time)
– 2070 Magh (New Back): “Find R ∞ the Fourier cosine transform
of f (x) = e−imx and show that 0 γcos py
2 +β 2 dy π −pβ
= 2β e ” (1 time)
– 2068 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Fourier cosine integralR ∞ ωxrep-
resentation of f (x) = e−kx , x > 0, k > 0 and show that 0 kcos
2 +ω 2 dω =
π −kx
2k
e ” (1 time)
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Find theRFourier cosine integral repre-
∞ 3
sentation of e−x cos x and show that 0 ω ωsin ωx π −x
4 +4 dω = 2 e cos x, x >
0” (1 time)
– 2073 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Fourier
R ∞ coscosine integral of
−kx ωx π −kx
f (x) = e , x > 0, k > 0 and show that 0 k2 +ω2 dω = 2k e ”
(1 time)

• Regular Exam Count: 4

• Back Exam Count: 3

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3. Finding Fourier Integral Representation
• Frequency: 8
• Details:
– 2078 Chaitra (Regular): “Obtain the Fourier sine and cosine
integral of f (x) = x for 0 < x < a, 0 for x > a” (1 time)
– 2076 Baisakh (Regular): “Find Fourier integral of f (x) = e−x
if x > 0, 0 if x < 0” (1 time)
– 2075 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Fourier integral of f (x) = 1
for 0 < x < π, 0 for x > π” (1 time)
– 2072 Ashwin (Regular): “Find Fourier integral representation
R∞
of f (x) = e−x , x > 0 and evaluate 0 cos(sx)
s2 +1
ds” (1 time)
– 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Fourier integral represen-
tation of f (x) = e−x , x ≥ 0 with f (−x) = f (x) and evaluate
R ∞ cos(sx)
0 s2 +1
ds” (1 time)
– 2069 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Fourier integral represen-
tation of f (x) = e−x , x ≥ 0 with f (−x) = f (x) and evaluate
R ∞ cos(sx)
0 s2 +1
ds” (1 time)
– 2074 Bhadra (Regular): “Find Fourier integral of f (x) = 1 if
|x| < 1, 0 if |x| > 1” (1 time)
– 2070 Magh (New Back): “Find the Fourier integral represen-
tation of f (x) = e−x , x ≥ 0 with f (−x) = f (x) and evaluate
R ∞ cos(sx)
0 s2 +1
ds” (1 time)
• Regular Exam Count: 7
• Back Exam Count: 1

4. Convolution Theorem for Fourier Transform

• Frequency: 4
• Details:
2
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Find the Fourier transform of e−x and
2 2
verify the convolution theorem for f (x) = e−x and g(x) = e−x ”
(1 time)
– 2073 Bhadra (Regular): “State convolution theorem for Fourier
transform and give its importance with an example” (1 time)

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 – 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “State and prove convolution theorem
of Fourier transform” (1 time)
– 2067 Mangsir (Regular): “Define convolution for Fourier trans-
2
form and verify it for f (x) = g(x) = e−x ” (1 time)

• Regular Exam Count: 3

• Back Exam Count: 1

5. Finding Fourier Transform (General)

• Frequency: 2

• Details:
2
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Find the Fourier transform of e−x (part
of convolution question)” (1 time)
– 2069 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Fourier R ∞ transform
of f (x) =
1 − x2 , |x| < 1, = 0, |x| > 1 and evaluate 0 x cos x−sin
x3
x
cos x
2
dx”
(1 time)

• Regular Exam Count: 1

• Back Exam Count: 1

Z-Transform Questions
1. Finding Z-Transform of a Function
• Frequency: 17

• Details:

– 2079 Ashwin (Back): “Find the Z-transform of e−2t sin ωt” (1

time)
– 2079 Jestha (Back): “Obtain Z-transform of sin ωt and evaluate
Z-transform of ae−at sin ωt” (1 time)
– 2078 Chaitra (Regular): “Obtain the Z-transform of (i) te−gt
(ii) sin at” (1 time)
– 2078 Poush (Back): “Find the Z-transform of x(k) = k and
x(k) = k 2 ” (1 time)

4
 – 2076 Baisakh (Regular): “Find Z-transform of sin ωt and hence
obtain Z-transform of e2t sin ωt” (1 time)
– 2075 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Z-transform of (i) t2 ext (ii)
e−at cos ωt” (1 time)
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Find the Z-transform of (i) f (k) =
{15, 10, 7, 4, 1, −1, 3, 6} (ii) f (k) = 5k , k < 0; 2k , k ≥ 0” (1 time)
– 2074 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Z-transform of (i) cos at (ii)
te−at ” (1 time)
– 2073 Bhadra (Regular): “Obtain Z-transform of (i) t2 at (ii)
cos at” (1 time)
– 2072 Ashwin (Regular): “Find Z-transform of (i) te−at (ii)
sin at” (1 time)
– 2071 Magh (New Back): “Find the Z-transform of sin kθ and
use it to find Z[ak sin kθ]” (1 time)
– 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “Find Z-transform of (a) te−at (b)
sin at” (1 time)
– 2070 Magh (New Back): “Find the Z-transform of x(z) =
cosh t sinh t” (1 time)
– 2069 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the Z-transforms of (i) cosh(at) sin(bt)
(ii) n(n − 1); n = k” (1 time)
– 2068 Bhadra (Regular): “Show that the Z-transform of cos kθ
is z2z(z−cos θ)
−2z cos θ+1
and find Z-transform of ak cos kθ” (1 time)
– 2067 Mangsir (Regular): “Determine the Z-transform of (i)
t2 e−xt (ii) e−xt cos ωt” (1 time)
– 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “Obtain the Z-transform of x(t) =
(1 − e−mt ), a > 0” (1 time, part of final value theorem question)
• Regular Exam Count: 11
• Back Exam Count: 6

2. Finding Inverse Z-Transform

• Frequency: 14
• Details:
– 2079 Jestha (Back): “Obtain the inverse Z-transform of X(z) =
2z
(z+1)(z 2 +1)
by partial fraction method” (1 time)

5
 – 2078 Chaitra (Regular): “Obtain the inverse Z-transform of
(1−e−aT )z
X(z) = (z−1)(z−e−aT ) ” (1 time)

– 2076 Baisakh (Regular): “Find the inverse Z-transform of

z2
X(z) = (z−1)2 (z−e−aT ) ” (1 time)

– 2075 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the inverse Z-transform of (i)

2z 2 −5z z −2
(z−2)(z−3)
(partial fraction) (ii) (1−z −1 )3 (inversion integral)” (1

time)
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Obtain the inverse Z-transform of X(z) =
2z 3 +z
(z−2)2 (z−1)
by partial fraction method” (1 time)
– 2073 Bhadra (Regular): “Obtain the inverse Z-transform of
3z 3 +2z
X(z) = (z−3) 2 (z−2) by inversion integral method” (1 time)

2z 2 −5z
– 2072 Ashwin (Regular): “Find the inverse Z-transform of (z−2)(z−3)
by partial fraction method” (1 time)
– 2071 Magh (New Back): “Find the inverse Z-transform of
3z 3 +2z
X(z) = (z−3) 2 (z−2) by inversion integral method” (1 time)

– 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the inverse Z-transform of (a)

z−4 z
(z−1)(z−2)2
(b) z2 −3z+2 ” (1 time)
– 2070 Magh (New Back): “Find the inverse Z-transform of
z
X(z) = z2 +7z+10 ” (1 time)
– 2069 Bhadra (Regular): “Find the inverse Z-transforms of (i)
z
z 2 −3z+2
(ii) (z+1)z2 (z−1) ” (1 time)
– 2068 Bhadra (Regular): “Obtain the inverse Z-transform of
2z 3 +z
(z−2)2 (z−1)
using partial fraction method” (1 time)
z+2
– 2067 Mangsir (Regular): “Find inverse Z-transform of (i) z 2 −5z+6
z+2
(partial fraction) (ii) z2 +7z+10 (inversion integral)” (1 time)
z(3z 2 −6z+4)
– 2074 Bhadra (Regular): “Obtain inverse Z-transform of (z−1)2 (z−2)
”
(1 time)

• Regular Exam Count: 10

• Back Exam Count: 4

3. Solving Difference Equations Using Z-Transform

• Frequency: 14

6
• Details:

– 2079 Jestha (Back): “Solve x(k + 2) + 2x(k + 1) + 3x(k) = 0

with x(0) = 0, x(1) = 2” (1 time)
– 2078 Chaitra (Regular): “Solve yn+2 − 4yn+1 + 4yn = 0 with
y0 = 0, y1 = 1” (1 time)
– 2078 Poush (Back): “Solve y(k + 2) − 4y(k + 1) + 3y(k) − 2k = 0
with y(0) = 0, y(1) = 1” (1 time)
– 2076 Baisakh (Regular): “Solve x(k+2)−x(k+1)+0.25x(k) =
u(k) with x(0) = 1, x(1) = 2” (1 time)
– 2075 Bhadra (Regular): “Solve x(k +2)−3x(k +1)+2x(k) = 0
with x(0) = 0, x(1) = 1” (1 time)
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Solve x(k + 2) + 3x(k + 1) + 2x(k) = 0
with x(0) = 0, x(1) = 1” (1 time)
– 2074 Bhadra (Regular): “Solve x(k +2)−4x(k +1)+4x(k) = 0
with x(0) = 1, x(1) = 0” (1 time)
– 2072 Ashwin (Regular): “Solve x(k+2)−3x(k+1)+2x(k) = 4k
with x(0) = 0, x(1) = 1” (1 time)
– 2071 Magh (New Back): “Solve x(k+2)−4x(k+1)+4x(k) = 2k
with x(0) = 0, x(1) = 1” (1 time)
– 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “Solve x(k+2)+2x(k+1)+3x(k) = 0”
(1 time)
– 2070 Magh (New Back): “Solve x(k+2)+6x(k+1)+9x(k) = 2k
with x0 = x1 = 0” (1 time)
– 2069 Bhadra (Regular): “Solve x(k +2)+2x(k +1)+3x(k) = 0
with x(0) = 0, x(1) = 2” (1 time)
– 2068 Bhadra (Regular): “Solve x(k +2)−x(k +1)+0.25x(k) =
u(k) with x(0) = 1, x(1) = 2” (1 time)
– 2067 Mangsir (Regular): “Solve x(k+2)−4x(k+1)+4x(k) = 0
with x(0) = 1, x(1) = 0” (1 time)

• Regular Exam Count: 9

• Back Exam Count: 5

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4. Final Value Theorem for Z-Transform
• Frequency: 7

• Details:

– 2079 Jestha (Back): “State and prove final value theorem for
Z-transform” (1 time)
– 2078 Poush (Back): “State and prove final value theorem for
Z-transform” (1 time)
– 2075 Bhadra (Regular): “State final value theorem and obtain
Z-transform of (1 − e−at ), a > 0 and evaluate x(∞)” (1 time)
– 2075 Baisakh (Back): “Obtain Z-transform of (1 − e−at ), a > 0
and evaluate x(∞)” (1 time)
– 2072 Ashwin (Regular): “State and prove final value theorem
for Z-transform” (1 time)
– 2070 Bhadra (Regular): “Obtain Z-transform of x(t) = (1 −
e−mt ), a > 0 and evaluate x(∞)” (1 time)
– 2070 Magh (New Back): “State and prove ‘final value theorem’
for the Z-transform” (1 time)

• Regular Exam Count: 3

• Back Exam Count: 4

5. Initial Value Theorem or Finding Initial Values

• Frequency: 3

• Details:

– 2073 Bhadra (Regular): “State initial value theorem for Z-

(1−eT )z −2
transform. Find x(0) and x(1) for X(z) = (1−z−1 )(1−e−T z −1 )
” (1
time)
2z 2 +3z+12
– 2071 Magh (New Back): “If Z[x(k)] = (z−1)4
, find x(2) and
x(3)” (1 time)
– 2067 Mangsir (Regular): “State initial value theorem for Z-
−t )z −1
transform. If X(z) = (1−z(1−e
−1 )(1−e−t z −1 ) , determine x(0), x(1), x(2)”

(1 time)

8
 • Regular Exam Count: 2
• Back Exam Count: 1

6. Convolution Theorem for Z-Transform

• Frequency: 1
• Details:
– 2069 Bhadra (Regular): “State and prove convolution theorem
for Z-transform” (1 time)
• Regular Exam Count: 1
• Back Exam Count: 0

7. Shifting Theorem for Z-Transform

• Frequency: 3
• Details:
– 2078 Chaitra (Regular): “If x(t) = 0 for t < 0, Z[x(t)] = X(z)
for t ≥ 0, prove Z[e−it x(t)] = X(zeiT )” (1 time)
– 2076 Baisakh (Regular): “State and prove shifting to the right
theorem for Z-transform” (1 time)
– 2068 Bhadra (Regular): “State and prove shifting theorem of
Z-transform” (1 time)
• Regular Exam Count: 3
• Back Exam Count: 0

Summary of Frequencies
Fourier Transform
• Total Questions: 29 (across all subtypes)
• Most Frequent: Finding Fourier Sine Transform (8 times)
• Regular Exam Count: 19
• Back Exam Count: 10

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Z-Transform
• Total Questions: 59 (across all subtypes)

• Most Frequent: Finding Z-Transform of a Function (17 times)

• Regular Exam Count: 39

• Back Exam Count: 20

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