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Assignment 8

The document contains Python code for simulating and plotting two different mathematical models using the Euler method: one for velocity under a force and another for radioactive decay. It includes parameters, initialization of variables, and results visualization with matplotlib. Additionally, it features a Lagrange interpolation function and a central difference method for calculating derivatives.

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Sougata Halder
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3 views

Assignment 8

The document contains Python code for simulating and plotting two different mathematical models using the Euler method: one for velocity under a force and another for radioactive decay. It includes parameters, initialization of variables, and results visualization with matplotlib. Additionally, it features a Lagrange interpolation function and a central difference method for calculating derivatives.

Uploaded by

Sougata Halder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 8

March 20, 2025

[41]: import numpy as np


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Parameters
a = 10.0
b = 1.0
dt = 0.01 # time step
T = 10.0 # total time for simulation
N = int(T / dt) # number of steps

# Initialize time and velocity arrays


time = np.linspace(0, T, N + 1)
v = np.zeros(N + 1) # starting with v(0)=0

# Euler method iteration


for n in range(N):
v[n+1] = v[n] + dt * (a - b * v[n])

# Plotting the results


plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))
plt.plot(time, v, label="Euler Approximation")

# Adding the terminal velocity line


v_terminal = a / b
plt.axhline(y=v_terminal, color='r', linestyle='--', label=f'Terminal Velocity␣
↪= {v_terminal}')

# Adding labels and title


plt.xlabel("Time")
plt.ylabel("Velocity")
plt.title("Euler Method: Solving dv/dt = a - b*v")
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

1
[36]: import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Parameters
tau = 1.0
dt = 0.01 # time step (s)
T = 5.0 # total time (s)
steps = int(T/dt)

# Initialize arrays
time = np.linspace(0, T, steps+1)
N_A = np.zeros(steps+1)
N_B = np.zeros(steps+1)

# Initial conditions: For example, N_A = 100, N_B = 0


N_A[0] = 100
N_B[0] = 0

# Euler integration
for i in range(steps):
dN_A = (N_B[i] - N_A[i]) / tau
dN_B = (N_A[i] - N_B[i]) / tau
N_A[i+1] = N_A[i] + dt * dN_A
N_B[i+1] = N_B[i] + dt * dN_B

# Adding equilibrium line and plot size


plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3))

2
N_avg = 50
plt.axhline(y=N_avg, color='r', linestyle='--', label=f'equilibrium')

# Plotting results
plt.plot(time, N_A, label=r'$N_A(t)$')
plt.plot(time, N_B, label=r'$N_B(t)$')
plt.xlabel('Time (s)')
plt.ylabel('Number of Nuclei')
plt.title('Radioactive Decay: Two-Step Process')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

[26]: import numpy as np

# Given data points


z = np.array([0, 1.25, 3.75])
T = np.array([13.5, 12, 10])

def Lagrange(x, y, xp):


yp = 0
for xi, yi in zip(x,y):
yp += yi * np.prod((xp - x[x != xi])/(xi - x[x != xi]))
return yp

def central_diff(f, x, h = 1e-3):


return (f(x+h) - f(x-h)) / (2*h)

3
# Create a one-variable function
f = lambda x: Lagrange(z, T, x)

# Derivative at z = 0
dTdz_0 = central_diff(f, 0, h=1e-3)

# Compute heat flux


q = -k * rho * C * dTdz_0
print("Heat flux q =", round(q,4), "W/m^2")

Heat flux q = 0.7056 W/m^2

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