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Advantages of Computers

Computers provide significant advantages over traditional systems, including high accuracy, superior speed, large storage capacity, and user-friendly features. They perform five major operations: input, storage, processing, output, and control, facilitated by functional units like the Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU). The Central Processing Unit (CPU) acts as the brain of the computer, coordinating all operations and making decisions.

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48 views5 pages

Advantages of Computers

Computers provide significant advantages over traditional systems, including high accuracy, superior speed, large storage capacity, and user-friendly features. They perform five major operations: input, storage, processing, output, and control, facilitated by functional units like the Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU). The Central Processing Unit (CPU) acts as the brain of the computer, coordinating all operations and making decisions.

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HOD-DIT PSG-PTC
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS

Compared to traditional systems, computers offer many noteworthy


advantages.
This is one reason that traditional systems are being replaced rapidly by
computer-based
systems. The main advantages offered by computers are as follows:
High Accuracy
Superior Speed of Operation
Large Storage Capacity
User-friendly Features
Portability
Platform independence
Economical in the long term.

A computer can process data, pictures, sound and graphics. They can solve
highly complicated problems quickly and accurately. A computer as shown
in Fig. performs basically five major computer operations or functions
irrespective of their size and make. These are

1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input,

2) it stores data,

3) it can process data as required by the user,

4) it gives results in the form of output, and

5) it controls all operations inside a computer.

We discuss below each of these Computer operations


Fig : Basic computer
Operations

1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs in to the


computer system. You should know that computer is an electronic machine
like any other machine which takes as inputs raw data and performs some
processing giving out processed data. Therefore, the input unit takes data
from us to the computer in an organized manner for processing.

2. Storage: The process of saving data and instructions permanently is


known as storage. Data has to be fed into the system before the actual
processing starts. It is because the processing speed of Central Processing
Unit (CPU) is so fast that the data has to be provided to CPU with the same
speed. Therefore the data is first stored in the storage unit for faster access
and processing. This storage unit or the primary storage of the computer
system is designed to do the above functionality. It provides space for
storing data and instructions.

The storage unit performs the following major functions:

• All data and instructions are stored here before and after processing.

• Intermediate results of processing are also stored here.

3. Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and


logical operations is called processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
takes data and instructions from the storage unit and makes all sorts of
calculations based on the instructions given and the type of data provided.
It is then sent back to the storage unit.
4. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for
getting useful information. Similarly the output produced by the computer
after processing must also be kept somewhere inside the computer before
being given to you in human readable form. Again the output is also stored
inside the computer for further processing.

5. Control: The manner how instructions are executed and the above
operations are performed. Controlling of all operations like input,
processing and output are performed by control unit. It takes care of step
by step processing of all operations inside the computer.

FUNCTIONAL UNITS

In order to carry out the operations mentioned in the previous section the
computer allocates the task between its various functional units. The
computer system is divided into three separate units for its operation. They
are

1) arithmetic logical unit

2) control unit.

3) central processing unit.

Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) Logical Unit

Logical Unit :After you enter data through the input device it is stored in
the primary storage unit. The actual processing of the data and instruction
are performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit. The major operations performed
by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and
comparison. Data is transferred to ALU from storage unit when required.
After processing the output is returned back to storage unit for further
processing or getting stored.

Control Unit (CU)

The next component of computer is the Control Unit, which acts like the
supervisor seeing that things are done in proper fashion. Control Unit is
responsible for co ordinating various operations using time signal. The
control unit determines the sequence in which computer programs and
instructions are executed. Things like processing of programs stored in the
main memory, interpretation of the instructions and issuing of signals for
other units of the computer to execute them. It also acts as a switch board
operator when several users access the computer simultaneously. Thereby
it coordinates the activities of computer’s peripheral equipment as they
perform the input and output.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The ALU and the CU of a computer system are jointly known as the central
processing unit. You may call CPU as the brain of any computer system. It is
just like brain that takes all major decisions, makes all sorts of calculations
and directs different parts of the computer functions by activating and
controlling the operations.

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