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Slidedeck 9 Dataandimbasics 070618

The document outlines the evolution of computer generations, defining each generation from the first to the fifth based on technological advancements. It details the characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of each generation, including the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and AI technologies. The document emphasizes the improvements in size, speed, power consumption, and user-friendliness across generations.

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15 views19 pages

Slidedeck 9 Dataandimbasics 070618

The document outlines the evolution of computer generations, defining each generation from the first to the fifth based on technological advancements. It details the characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of each generation, including the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and AI technologies. The document emphasizes the improvements in size, speed, power consumption, and user-friendliness across generations.

Uploaded by

tatendadean55
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 What is Generation?

The Generation means as a period of time that a technology


change from one state to another.
 What is Computer?
Is an Electronic machine, which can be programmed to
accept data, processing those data and produces the desired
information, (and some time capable of store those data)
 What is computer Generation?
Is a term used to describe the evolution of computing
devices and how technology is used to implement different
model from the beginning , present and the future of
computers.
According to the type of processor installed in a
machine there are five generations of computers

First Generation (1940-1956)


Second Generation (1956-1963)
Third Generation (1964- early 70s)
Forth Generation (early 70s- 1990s date)
Fifth Generation (Late 1990s, present & beyond)
 These computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory
 These were the fastest computing devices of their
times (the computation time was in milliseconds).
 These computers were very large
 Thousands of vacuum tubes were used; generated too
much heat, Air-conditions were needed
 The input and output operations were done using
punched card technology.
 Non portable & very slow

 Used machine language (i.e language of 0s & 1s)

 Very expensive to operate, used large amount of electricity

 Since machine language was used, these computers were


difficult to program and use

 Each individual component had to be assembled manually

 Commercial appeal very poor


 Second generation computer machines were based on
transistor technology.
 These computers were smaller as compared to the first
generation computers.
 Computational time of Second generation computers was
reduced to microseconds from milliseconds.
 The input operations were performed using punched cards and
magnetic tapes and for output operations, punched cards and
papers were used.
 For external storage magnetic tapes were used.
 These computers used assembly language ( used
abbreviations)
Hence, programming became more time-efficient and less
cumbersome.

 These were more portable and generated less amount of heat.

 Second-generation computers still required air conditioning.

 Manual assembly of individual components into a functioning


unit was still required.

 The high level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC


etc. were used as the languages by the computer
 Third Generation Computers were based on
integrated circuit (IC) technology.
 These Computers were able to reduce computational
time from microseconds to nanoseconds
 These Computers devices consumed less power and
generated less heat. In some cases, air conditioning
was still required.
 The size of Third Generation Computers was smaller
as compared to previous computers
 Since hardware of the Third Generation Computers
rarely failed, the maintenance cost for it was quite
low.
 For external storage magnetic disks were used.
 Extensive use of high-level language became possible in
Third Generation Computers.

 Manual assembling of individual components was not


required; large requirement of labor and cost was reduced

 For data input and output operations monitors and


keyboards replaced the punched cards.

 Commercial production became easier and cheaper


 Fourth-generation computers are microprocessor-based systems
(integrated circuit chip)
• Microprocessor were introduced as CPU.
• Other peripherals were used like scanner, CRT screen.

 These computers are very small in size.


 These are the cheapest among all the other-generation computers.
 These are portable and quite reliable.
 These machines generate negligible amount of heat, hence, they do
not require air conditioning.
 Hardware failure is negligible, so minimum maintenance is required.
 Development of network technologies such as LAN and WAN.
 G.U.I technology started.
 GUI and pointing devices (mouse, joysticks etc) enables users
to learn to use the computer quickly.
 Interconnections of computers leads to better communication
and resource sharing.
 Fourth generation computers are very powerful than previous
generations and can easily do more calculation or can run more
programs at a time and for more hours.
 The input output devices were the same monitors, keyboard,
printer etc.
 The computers of this generation use optic fiber technology to handle
Artificial Intelligence.
 These computers have capacity to think and reason which can be used to
solve problems where human intelligence is required.
 Expert Systems are examples of systems implementing Artificial
Intelligence (AI).
 Combinations of some or all of the following technologies:
◦ -parallel processing
◦ -high speed logic and memory chips
◦ -high performance
◦ -voice/data integration;
◦ -artificial intelligence, expert systems
◦ -virtual reality generation
◦ -satellite links

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