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Spring Framework

The Spring Framework is a comprehensive framework for Java applications that facilitates development through core concepts like Inversion of Control (IoC) and Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP). IoC allows for dependency management by transferring control to the Spring container, while AOP enables separation of cross-cutting concerns from business logic. Key features include data access integration, transaction management, and a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture for web applications.

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Spring Framework

The Spring Framework is a comprehensive framework for Java applications that facilitates development through core concepts like Inversion of Control (IoC) and Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP). IoC allows for dependency management by transferring control to the Spring container, while AOP enables separation of cross-cutting concerns from business logic. Key features include data access integration, transaction management, and a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture for web applications.

Uploaded by

azkiyahuda711
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spring Framework

The Spring Framework is a powerful, lightweight, and comprehensive framework for Java-
based applications. It provides a comprehensive infrastructure for developing Java
applications, from web apps to enterprise-level solutions. It was developed by Rod Johnson
in 2003. Spring framework makes the easy development of JavaEE application.
The Spring Framework and its core concepts include:
 Inversion of Control (IoC): This is the core concept of Spring, where the control of
object creation and dependency management is handed over to the Spring container.
 Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP): Used to separate cross-cutting concerns like
logging, transactions, etc.
 Data Access: Spring provides easy integration with databases through JDBC,
Hibernate, JPA, and more.
 Transaction Management: Manages the transactions in a declarative manner.
 Model-View-Controller (MVC): A powerful framework for building web
applications.

1. What is Inversion of Control (IoC)?


 Inversion of Control (IoC) is a design principle in which the control of object
creation and dependency management is transferred from the application to the Spring
Framework.
 Instead of manually creating objects, Spring injects required dependencies into the
objects at runtime.
2. What is Dependency Injection (DI)?
 Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern where dependencies are provided to
an object rather than the object creating them itself.
 DI makes the application more flexible, testable, and maintainable.
// Define an interface for a message service
interface MessageService {
String getMessage();
}

// Implement the interface


class EmailMessageService implements MessageService {
@Override
public String getMessage() {
return "Hello from Email!";
}
}

// Define a class that uses the message service


class MessagePrinter {
private MessageService messageService;

// Constructor injection (DI)


public MessagePrinter(MessageService messageService) {
this.messageService = messageService;
}

public void printMessage() {


System.out.println(messageService.getMessage());
}
}

// Main class to demonstrate IoC and DI


public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Spring IoC container (simplified)
// In a real application, this would be handled by Spring's ApplicationContext
MessageService emailService = new EmailMessageService();
MessagePrinter printer = new MessagePrinter(emailService);

printer.printMessage(); // Output: Hello from Email!


}
}
Explanation:
 IoC:
The Main class doesn't directly create and manage
the MessagePrinter or EmailMessageService objects. The Spring container (simulated in
this example) handles the creation and wiring of these objects.

 DI:
The MessagePrinter class doesn't create its own MessageService instance. Instead, it
receives the dependency (EmailMessageService) from the Spring container via
constructor injection.

Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) in Spring Framework


1. What is Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP)?
 Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is a programming paradigm that allows
developers to separate cross-cutting concerns (such as logging, security, transaction
management) from the core business logic.
 In Spring, AOP enables modularization of concerns that affect multiple classes
without modifying their code.
 Traditionally, a developer would usually program a piece of code to address a core
business concern. Then he would copy and paste statements for logging, debugging,
security enforcement from an earlier developed unit. Those system-level concerns that
more or less return in many program units are called ‘cross cutting concerns’.
 AOP strives to developing the implementations of the cross cutting concerns – those
are called aspects – more or less independently from the core concerns. Only after
development is done are the cross-cutting concerns applied to the program units that
implement the core concerns. The process of applying concerns to a module is called
weaving.
The benefits we hope to reap from AOP are code reuse, more focused development, less
complex code and therefore faster and less buggy development, very loose coupling between
aspects and therefore more flexible maintenance
2. Key Concepts of AOP in Spring
Term Description
Aspect A class that contains cross-cutting logic (e.g., logging, security)
Advice Action taken by an aspect at a specific join point (e.g., Before, After)
Join Point A specific point in the program execution (e.g., method call)
Term Description
Pointcut Expression that matches join points (e.g., execute advice on all service methods)
Weaving The process of applying aspects to the target object

For Further details


https://www.tpointtech.com/spring-aop-tutorial
https://www.tpointtech.com/spring-aop-example

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