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Lecture on Chapter 1_Introduction to Dynamics

The document outlines the principles of dynamics, including definitions of kinematics, kinetics, translation, rotation, and plane motion, as well as the historical contributions of Galileo and Newton's three laws of motion. It details the International System of Units (SI) and the U.S. customary system for measuring length, time, mass, and force, along with conversion factors between these systems. Additionally, it provides examples of unit conversions for various quantities.

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mariaruiza.narciso2020
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2 views

Lecture on Chapter 1_Introduction to Dynamics

The document outlines the principles of dynamics, including definitions of kinematics, kinetics, translation, rotation, and plane motion, as well as the historical contributions of Galileo and Newton's three laws of motion. It details the International System of Units (SI) and the U.S. customary system for measuring length, time, mass, and force, along with conversion factors between these systems. Additionally, it provides examples of unit conversions for various quantities.

Uploaded by

mariaruiza.narciso2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE

1 Objective
s:
- Define dynamics, kinetics and
kinematics, translation, rotation, and
plane motion.
- Determine the history of dynamics and
how it developed.
▪ Branch of mechanics concerned with the
motion of bodies under the action of forces.
▪ Dynamics implies change.

▪ In contrast, Statics implies changelessness


▪ Perhaps Galileo's
greatest contribution to
physics was his
formulation of the
principle of inertia.
“an object will continue to
be either in a state of
motion or in a state of
rest unless an external
force acts on it.”
▪ Galileo set out his ideas
about falling bodies, and
about projectiles in
general, in a book called
"Two New Sciences".
▪ Sir Isaac Newton's three
laws of motion describe the
motion of massive bodies
and how they interact.
▪ First law
▪ Second Law
▪ Third Law
▪ First Law of motion:

- “if a body is at rest or


moving at a constant speed
in a straight line, it will
remain at rest or keep
moving in a straight line at
constant speed unless it is
acted upon by a force.”
▪ Second Law of motion (F = m.a)

- “when a force acts on an


object, it will cause the object
to accelerate. The larger the
object's mass, the greater the
force will need to be to cause
it to accelerate.”
▪ Third Law of motion :
- “for every action, there is
an equal and opposite
reaction.”
▪ KINEMATICS

- Study of the geometry of motion


without reference to the cause of
motion.

▪ KINETICS

- Study of the relation between the


forces acting on a body, the mass
of the body, and the motion of the
body.
▪ TRANSLATION
- The motion of a rigid body in which a straight line
passing through any two of its particle always
remain to be parallel to its initial position.

▪ ROTATION
- The motion of a rigid body in which the particles
move in circular paths with their centers on a fixed
straight line called the axis of rotation.
▪ PLANE MOTION
- The motion of a rigid body in which all particles in
the body remain at a constant distance from a fixed
reference plane.
4. Units Of

Measurement Two

units being used:


1. International System (S.I)

The International System of Units, abbreaviated SI after the French “Systѐme


International d’ Unitѐs” is a modern version of the metric system which has
received worldwide recognition. The SI system defines length in meters(m),
time in seconds(s), and mass in kilograms (kg). The unit of force, called (N), is
derived from F=ma. Thus, 1 newton is equal to a force required to give 1
kilogram of mass an acceleration of 1m/s2(N=kg. m/s2).

If the weight of a body located at the “standard location” is to be


determined in Newton’s, then W=mg must be applied. Here measurements
give g=9.80665 m/s2, however, for calculations, the value of g=9.81 m/s2
will be used. Thus,

W=mg (g=9.81 m/s2)


2.U.S. Costumary (USCS)/ English System
In the U.S. customary system of units (FPS) length is measured in feet(ft), time
in seconds(s), and force in pounds(lb), in table 1-1.The nit of mass , called a
slug, is derived from F=ma.Hence, 1 slug is equal to the amount of matter
accelerated at 1 ft/s2 when acted upon by a force of 1
lb(slug=lb.ft/s2).Therefore, if the measurements are made at the “standard
location”,where g=32.2 ft/s2, thus
4. Units Of Measurement
Conversion of Units

A.Length B. Weight / Mass


Units in English Units in English System
System 1 foot(ft) 12 1 pound (lb) 16 ounces (oz)
inches(in) 1 ton (T) 2000
1 yard(yd) 3 feet(ft) pounds(lb)
1 yard(yd) 36 inches(in) 1 slug 32,174
1 mile(mi) 5280 feet(ft) pounds(lb)
Units in Metric System
1 gram(g)
Units in Metric
System 1 meter(m)1000
1000milligra
millimeters(mm)
ms (mg)
1 meter(m) 100
1 gram (g) 100
centimeters(cm) centigrams(cg)
1 meter(m) 10 decimeters(dm) 1 gram (g) 10 decigrams (dg)
1 decameter(dam) 10 meters(m) 1 decagram (dag) 10 grams(g)
1 hectometer(hm) 100 meters(m) 1 hectogram (hg) 100 grams (g)
1 kilometer(km) 1000 meters(m) 1 kilograms (kg) 1000 grams(g)
System to System System to System
Conversions 1 inch(in) Conversions 1 ounce
2.54 28.3
centimeters(cm) grams(gram)
1 meter(m) 3.28 feet(ft) 1 pound 0.45
4.Units Of
Measurement
Conversion of
Units
C.Forces

Table 1.1. System Of Units

NAME LENGT TIME MAS FORCE


H S
International Meter(m Second(s Kilogram(kg Newton(N
System Of ) ) ) )
units(SI) (kg.m)/S2

U.S. Customary FPS Second(s) Pound


(lb)

Table 1.2. Common Conversion Factors


Quantity Unit of Unit of
Measureme measurement(
nt SI)
(FPS)
Force 1 Lb 4.448 N
Mass 1 Slug 14.59Kg
Length 1 ft 0.3048m
Convert the following:

1) 500 kilometers to centimeters

5.0 x 107 cm
500 1000 m x 100 cm
km x = 50,000,000 cm
1 km 1 m

2) 10 meters to inches

10 x 100 cm
m x 1 in = 393.7 in
1 m 2.54 cm

OR
10 m x 3.28 ft
x 12 in = 393.6 in
1 m 1 ft

3) 75 miles per hour to meter per second


75 mi 1.609 km 33.52 m/s
x x 1,000 m x 1 hr =
hr 1 mi 1 km
3,600 s
Example 1.1

1) Convert the quantities : 300lb.s and 52 slug/ft3 to the the corresponding


SI units.
a) 300 lbs to SI units

From Table 1.2, 1 lb = 4.448 N

300 lbs x 4.448 N = 1,334.4 N OR 1.3344 KN (Ans.)


1 lb

OR
300 lbs = 300 slugs.ft From Table 1.2, 1 slug = 14.59 kg
s2

300 slugs. ft
14.59 kg x 1 m = 1,334.45 N OR 1.3344 KN (Ans.)
x
3.28 ft
s2 1 slug

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