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WEB API LAB

The document outlines the steps to create an ASP.NET 8 Web API using the Code First approach with Entity Framework Core, focusing on a many-to-many relationship between Student and Course models via an Enrollment table. It details project setup, model creation using both Data Annotations and Fluent API, DbContext configuration, migration creation, and API controller implementation. Finally, it instructs how to run the API and test it using Swagger.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

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WEB API LAB

Uploaded by

nguyenductuan11012003

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Xây dựng ASP.

NET 8 Web API Code First

1. Giới thiệu

Trong bài lab này, chúng ta sẽ tạo một API trong ASP.NET 8 theo mô hình Code First với Entity Framework Core. Có hai cách xây dựng cơ sở dữ liệu:

• Dùng Fluent API

• Dùng Data Annotation (không dùng Fluent API)

Bài lab sẽ tạo hai model Student và Course có mối quan hệ "nhiều - nhiều" (Many-to-Many) thông qua bảng trung gian Enrollment.

2. Tạo Dự Án ASP.NET 8 Web API

Bước 1: Tạo Project

Mở terminal hoặc command prompt và chạy lệnh sau (hoặc sử dụng VS2022 chọn WEB API template):

mkdir AspNet8CodeFirstAPI

cd AspNet8CodeFirstAPI
dotnet new webapi -n AspNet8CodeFirstAPI
cd AspNet8CodeFirstAPI

Bước 2: Cài Đặt Entity Framework Core

Cài đặt các package Entity Framework Core:

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer

dotnet add package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design
3. Xây dựng Models

3.1. Không dùng Fluent API (Dùng Data Annotation)

Tạo file Models/Student.cs:

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

public class Student

{
[Key]
public int StudentId { get; set; }

[Required, MaxLength(100)]
public string Name { get; set; }

public List<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; } = new();

}

Tạo file Models/Course.cs:

public class Course

{
[Key]
public int CourseId { get; set; }

[Required, MaxLength(100)]
public string Title { get; set; }

public List<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; } = new();

}
Tạo file Models/Enrollment.cs:

public class Enrollment

{
[Key]
public int Id { get; set; }

[ForeignKey("Student")]
public int StudentId { get; set; }
public Student Student { get; set; }

[ForeignKey("Course")]
public int CourseId { get; set; }
public Course Course { get; set; }
}
3.2. Dùng Fluent API

Trong DbContext, thiết lập mối quan hệ như sau:

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

public class SchoolContext : DbContext

{
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)

{
modelBuilder.Entity<Enrollment>()
.HasOne(e => e.Student)
.WithMany(s => s.Enrollments)
.HasForeignKey(e => e.StudentId);

modelBuilder.Entity<Enrollment>()
.HasOne(e => e.Course)
.WithMany(c => c.Enrollments)
.HasForeignKey(e => e.CourseId);
}
}
4. Cấu Hình DbContext trong Program.cs

Thêm cấu hình SQL Server trong Program.cs:

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

builder.Services.AddDbContext<SchoolContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer("Server=.;Database=SchoolDB;Trusted_Connection=True;"));

builder.Services.AddControllers();
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

var app = builder.Build();

app.UseSwagger();
app.UseSwaggerUI();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapControllers();
app.Run();

5. Tạo Migration và Database

dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate

dotnet ef database update
6. Tạo API Controller

Tạo Controllers/StudentsController.cs:

[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class StudentsController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly SchoolContext _context;

public StudentsController(SchoolContext context)

{
_context = context;
}

[HttpGet]
[Route("getstudents")]
public async Task<ActionResult<IEnumerable<Student>>> GetStudents()
{
return await _context.Students.Include(s => s.Enrollments).ThenInclude(e => e.Course).ToListAsync();
}

[HttpPost]
[Route("add")]
public async Task<ActionResult<Student>> PostStudent(Student student)
{
_context.Students.Add(student);
await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
return CreatedAtAction(nameof(GetStudents), new { id = student.StudentId }, student);
}
}
7. Chạy API và Test với Swagger

Chạy lệnh:

dotnet run

Mở trình duyệt và truy cập https://localhost:5001/swagger để kiểm tra API.

8. Note

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/dbcontext-configuration/

https://www.brightertools.com/post/idesigntimedbcontextfactory-update-for-entity-framework-6-migrations-design-time-tools-net-core-6

https://www.learnentityframeworkcore.com/configuration/fluent-api