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Lecture 1.5 Translation 2

The document outlines the process of translation, detailing how DNA is transcribed into mRNA and subsequently translated into a polypeptide chain. It emphasizes the role of start and stop codons, the function of tRNA, and the ribosome's mechanics in building the polypeptide. Additionally, it includes instructions for identifying the TATA box in the promoter region and creating mRNA transcripts from given DNA sequences.

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evie.ellenberger16
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6 views16 pages

Lecture 1.5 Translation 2

The document outlines the process of translation, detailing how DNA is transcribed into mRNA and subsequently translated into a polypeptide chain. It emphasizes the role of start and stop codons, the function of tRNA, and the ribosome's mechanics in building the polypeptide. Additionally, it includes instructions for identifying the TATA box in the promoter region and creating mRNA transcripts from given DNA sequences.

Uploaded by

evie.ellenberger16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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From Gene to Protein:

Translation

1
DNA  Polypeptide Chain
DNA
TACCAAAGAGGATGACGA
3’ 5’

mRNA
AUGGUUUCUCCUACUGCU
5’ 3’

polypepti
de
NH2 ME VAL SE PR TH COOH
ALA
T R O R 2
The Cast of Characters

3
Mechanics of Translation:
Overview

4
Important Notes about
Translation
translation starts at the first 5’-AUG-
3’ mRNA codon [= start codon]…
not at the first possible codon
after that point, the ribosome moves
5’3’ along the mRNA, reading one
codon (i.e., 3 nucleotides) at a time
translation proceeds until a stop
codon is read… at that point,
translation is terminated

5
Mechanics of Translation:
tRNA
5
’
3
’

6
Mechanics of Translation:
5
Charging tRNA
’
3
’

7
Mechanics of Translation:
tRNA & Base Pairing

8
Standard Genetic Code

9
Mechanics of Translation:
Ribosome Builds Polypeptide
Chain
large
subunit
aminoacyl site (A) =
receives the charged
tRNA
peptidyl site (P) =
small holds the growing
subunit polypeptide chain
exit site (E) = ejects
the uncharged tRNA

10
Translation in Action

(see Figs. 4.17 & 4.18 in your textbook) 11


In-Class WorksheetQuestion #1

DNA CCTACCAAAGAGGATGACGACCCCCAGTATTAAC
3’ G 5’

mRNA
5’ 3’

polypepti
de
12
Complexity within the Promoter
Region
We’re following the same rules:
1. TXN starts at the Promoter
2. TXN ends at the terminator
3. DNA template strand is read 3’  5’
4. mRNA transcript is created 5’  3’
Transcription actually starts within the
“TATA Box”, a 5’-TATAAA-3’ sequence
As such, we need to revise the rules
related to TXN

13
Complexity within the Promoter
Region
We’re following the same rules:
1. TXN starts at the 5’-TATAAA-3’ sequence within

the Promoter
2. Locate the 5’-TATAAA-3’ sequence. Draw a box

around that sequence and the corresponding


3’-ATATTT-5’ sequence
3. Draw an arrow that points in the same

direction as you are reading 5’-TATAAA-3’ (in


this case, L to R); TXN will proceed in this
direction
4. DNA template strand is read 3’  5’. We know

from #3 which direction TXN is going; identify


which strand has the 3’ --- 5’ going the same
direction as the arrow; this is your template
strand.
5. mRNA transcript is created 5’  3’ 14
In-Class WorksheetQuestion #2

3’…GCTGCTCATATTTGCCCTACGCCGACT…5’
DNA 5’…CGACGAGTATAAACGGGATGCGGCTGA…3’

1. Find the TATA Box (= ‘5-TATAAA-3’ sequence)


2. Draw a box around that sequence and the
corresponding 3’-ATATTT-’5 sequence
3. Draw an arrow that points in the same direction as
you are reading ‘5-TATAAA-3’
4. Use this information to identify which strand serves
as the template strand
5. Create an mRNA transcript

15
In-Class WorksheetQuestion #3

DNA 5’-GGCATACAGTCAGATAAAATCCATCCATCTTTATACGATCACGTATCCC-3’

mRNA
5’ 3’

polypepti
de
16

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