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Robeery Mindmap

Robbery is defined as theft that is aggravated by force or the threat of force, requiring both the act of theft and the application of force. Key cases illustrate that minimal force can qualify as robbery, and the intent to permanently deprive the victim of their property is essential for a robbery conviction. Sentencing can include life imprisonment, and robbery is categorized into various types based on sophistication and planning.

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22 views5 pages

Robeery Mindmap

Robbery is defined as theft that is aggravated by force or the threat of force, requiring both the act of theft and the application of force. Key cases illustrate that minimal force can qualify as robbery, and the intent to permanently deprive the victim of their property is essential for a robbery conviction. Sentencing can include life imprisonment, and robbery is categorized into various types based on sophistication and planning.

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efremovalenka
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Robbery

Definition:

●​ Theft aggravated by force or threat of force.

Actus Reus (Physical Elements):

1.​ Theft: All elements of theft must be present.


○​ No theft = No robbery (e.g., no intent to permanently
deprive).
○​ Case Example:
■​ R v Zerei (2012) – No intent to permanently deprive →
Not robbery.
2.​ Force/Threat of Force:
○​ Can be minimal (R v Dawson and James 1976).
○​ Force must be on a person (R v Clouden 1987).
○​ Not force examples:
■​ P v DPP (2012) – Snatching without touching victim =
Simple theft.
○​ Case Example:
■​ B and R v DPP (2007) – Implied threats or limited
force is sufficient.
3.​ Timing of Force:
○​ Must be immediately before or at the time of theft.
○​ Cases:
■​ R v Hale (1979) – Force used during theft (e.g., tying
victim) suffices.
■​ R v Lockley (1995) – Appropriation is a continuing
act.

Mens Rea (Mental Elements):


1.​ Mens Rea for Theft:
○​ Dishonesty and intent to permanently deprive.
2.​ Intent to Use Force to Steal:
○​ Force not used to steal = Not robbery (e.g., R v Waters
(2015)).

Sentencing:

●​ Maximum Punishment: Life imprisonment, unlimited fine, or


both.
●​ Categories of Robbery:
○​ Less sophisticated.
○​ Professionally planned commercial.
○​ Dwelling.

1. R v Zerei (2012):

●​ Facts:​
Defendant used a knife and force to steal car keys and drove
away but abandoned the car shortly after.
●​ Outcome:​
Conviction quashed as there was no intent to permanently
deprive. No theft = No robbery.

2. R v Waters (2015):

●​ Facts:​
Defendant snatched a phone, stating it would be returned if the
victim complied with a condition.
●​ Outcome:​
Conviction quashed as the condition could have been met
quickly, showing no intent to permanently deprive.
3. Corcoran v Anderton (1980):

●​ Facts:​
Defendant struck a woman, pulled her bag, and left it behind
after being disturbed.
●​ Outcome:​
Theft was complete when the bag was taken, even if left behind.
Robbery was established.

4. R v Dawson and James (1976):

●​ Facts:​
Defendants pushed the victim, causing him to lose balance,
enabling wallet theft.
●​ Outcome:​
Minimal force deemed sufficient for robbery.

5. R v Clouden (1987):

●​ Facts:​
Defendant wrenched a shopping basket out of the victim’s
hands.
●​ Outcome:​
Force applied to the person holding the basket = Robbery.

6. P v DPP (2012):

●​ Facts:​
Defendant snatched a cigarette from the victim without physical
contact.
●​ Outcome:​
No force on the victim = Simple theft, not robbery.
7. B and R v DPP (2007):

●​ Facts:​
A schoolboy was surrounded by a group, pushed, and searched.
●​ Outcome:​
Conviction upheld: Implied threat and limited physical force
were sufficient for robbery.

8. R v Hale (1979):

●​ Facts:​
Defendants used force (hand over victim’s mouth and tied her
up) during a house burglary.
●​ Outcome:​
Force was part of the ongoing theft = Robbery.

9. R v Lockley (1995):

●​ Facts:​
Defendant used force on a shopkeeper while escaping after
shoplifting.
●​ Outcome:​
Theft was a continuing act → Robbery was established.

Key Observations:

●​ Force/Threat Timing: Force must occur before or during theft (R


v Hale, R v Lockley).
●​ Intent to Permanently Deprive: Lack of intent negates robbery (R
v Zerei, R v Waters).
●​ Minimal Force Suffices: Even slight force (R v Dawson and
James)

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