University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

Malintha Perera
MSc in Mgt (J’Pura), BBMgt(Special)Degree in Accountancy(Kel’ya), ACMA(UK), CGMA
Senior Lecturer

Department of Accountancy

E-Mail: [email protected]
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Principles of Information Technology
and
Information Systems
(Part 01)

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Learning Outcomes
At the end of the session students should be able to;
1. Explain Information Technology.

2. Identify IT Applications in Business.

3. Explain principles and latest concepts in IT.

4. Discuss the importance of using IT in Business.

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What is Information Technology?

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 What is Information Technology?

• Information technology (IT) is the processing, storing, retrieving, and

transmitting of information using computer hardware, software, and
telecommunication tools.
• Computers, networks, servers, databases, and software applications are
just a few of the many technologies that make up IT.
• People are now able to process and convey information more rapidly and
effectively than ever thanks to technology, which has completely changed
the way we live and work.

• Eg: Online banking, mobile banking, e-commerce, social media, mobile

computing.

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 What impact has IT made on human lives ?

• Information technology (IT) has significantly changed how people live,

work, and interact with one another.
• As technology advances and develops in the future, its influence will
continue to shape our lives.

COMMUNICATION
• Technology has transformed communication by making it possible for
individuals to connect with one another quickly and effectively from all
over the world.
Eg: E-mails, social media, video conferencing, instant messaging.

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 What impact has IT made on human lives ?

EDUCATION
• By enabling access to online resources, e-learning platforms, and digital
libraries, IT has completely changed the educational landscape. Students
can access educational resources from anywhere in the world and learn at
their convenience.
Eg: Learning Management Systems, E-libraries.
HEALTHCARE
• By improving medical research, increasing the accuracy of diagnoses, and
enabling remote patient monitoring, technology has enhanced
healthcare services.
Eg: E-health records, telemedicine, mobile health apps.
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 What impact has IT made on human lives ?
ENTERTAINMENT
• Through the introduction of new media formats such as streaming
services, video games, and social media, IT has drastically transformed
the entertainment sector. Now, people can access entertainment content
on any device, anywhere, at any time.
Eg: Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, YouTube
BUSINESS
• Technology has transformed how businesses run by enabling automation,
enhancing communication, and increasing efficiency. Businesses may
now reach clients worldwide, streamline their processes, and better
manage their resources.
Eg: ERP systems, CRM systems, SCM systems.

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IT applications in businesses

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 IT applications in businesses

• IT applications have enabled businesses to improve efficiency, reduce

costs, and enhance customer experience.
• By leveraging the various technologies, businesses can gain a competitive
advantage, lean costs structures, and improved customer satisfaction.
Business applications of IT includes;
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems
• Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems
• E-commerce platforms
• Business intelligence and analytics tools
• Cloud computing
• Social media

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems

• These business
management software
programs assist
organizations in
integrating all their key
business operations,
such as accounting,
inventories, human
resources, and customer
relationship
management.

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems

• These software tools assist

firms in managing all aspects
of customer interaction,
including sales, marketing,
follow ups, customer data
handling and customer
support.

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Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems

Benefits of Customer
Relationship Management for a
business includes;
• Break barriers between
customer teams.
• Improves communication.
• Efficiency through automation.
• Make data driven decisions.
• Boost revenue.

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Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems

• To make sure that goods

are delivered to clients on
schedule and at the
appropriate price, these
software tools assist
organizations in managing
their supply chain
activities, which include
procurement, production,
and logistics.

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E-commerce platforms

• These software
programs let companies
to conduct online sales
of goods and services,
giving them access to a
global clientele and a
round-the-clock (24/7)
customer base.

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E-commerce platforms

Name 05 best E commerce

platforms in 2025

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Business intelligence and analytics tools

• These software tools assist

firms in the analysis of
massive data sets to find
information about
consumer behavior,
market trends, and
business efficiency.
• Eg: Power BI, Google
Analytics, SAP
BusinessObjects.

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Cloud computing

• This technology
eliminates the need for
costly IT infrastructure by
enabling organizations to
access computing
resources, such as
software, servers, and
storage, through the
internet.

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Social media

• Businesses will engage

with clients and
advertise their goods
and services via social
media sites such as
Facebook, Twitter, and
LinkedIn.

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 Principles of Information Technology

• The core concepts and rules that serve as the foundation for the design,
implementation, and usage of IT systems are known as information
technology (IT) principles.
• These principles help to make sure that technology is used and managed
properly, and that data and systems are protected from potential
threats.
Principles include;
• CONFIDENTIALITY: According to this principle, confidential information
must be protected from unauthorized access, disclosure, or change.

• INTEGRITY: This concept requires that data be accurate, complete, and

protected from unauthorized modification or corruption.

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 Principles of Information Technology

• AVAILABILITY: Authorized users should be able to access data and

systems whenever they need to, without interruption or delay.

• AUTHENTICATION: Before granting access to sensitive data or systems,

users should be verified and authenticated.

• AUTHORIZATION: Based on their work duties and responsibilities, users

should only have access to the data and systems that they are authorized
to use.

• NON-REPUDIATION: The sender of the message cannot deny having sent

it, and the receiver cannot deny having received it.

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 Principles of Information Technology

• PRIVACY: People have the right to be in charge of their personal

information, and it should only be obtained, used, and shared with their
permission and for legal purposes.

• COMPLIANCE: IT procedures and systems must adhere to all applicable

laws, rules, and industry standards.

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 Latest Concepts of IT

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine

Learning (ML)
• AI refers to machines/tools that can
perform tasks that typically require
human intelligence, such as learning,
problem-solving, and decision-
making. ML is a subset of AI that
involves training machines to learn
from data, without being explicitly
programmed.

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 Latest Concepts of IT

Cloud Computing
• Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services, including servers,
storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence, over
the internet. The cloud allows companies to scale up or down their IT
infrastructure based on demand, reducing the need for on-premises
hardware and software.

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 Latest Concepts of IT

Internet of Things (IoT)

• IoT is a network of
interconnected devices
that are embedded with
sensors, software, and
other technologies,
allowing them to collect
and exchange data.

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 Latest Concepts of IT

Internet of Things (IoT)

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Latest Concepts of IT

Blockchain
• It is a decentralized digital
ledger that records
transactions across a network
of computers.
• Each block in the chain
contains a cryptographic hash
(one-way hash) of the
previous block, making it
nearly impossible to alter with
the data stored in the ledger.

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 Latest Concepts of IT

Quantum Computing
• Quantum computing is a
technology that uses quantum-
mechanical phenomena to
perform calculations.
• Quantum computers can solve
certain problems much faster than
classical computers and have the
potential to change industries and
handle large data sets quickly to
produce analytical outcomes.

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Latest Concepts of IT

Cybersecurity
• Practice of protecting computer
systems, networks, and data
from theft, damage, or
unauthorized access.
• As more and more information is
stored online, cybersecurity is
becoming increasingly important
in preventing cyber attacks and
data breaches.

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 Importance of IT to a Businesses
Increased efficiency:
• IT can automate many business processes, reducing the time and effort
required to perform them. This can free up employees to focus on higher-level
tasks and improve overall productivity.
Improved communication:
• IT tools such as email, messaging apps, and video conferencing allow
employees to communicate more easily and quickly. This can help teams
collaborate more effectively and make decisions faster.
Increased flexibility:
• IT allows businesses to operate remotely and provides employees with the
flexibility to work from anywhere. This can be especially important during
times of crisis or when employees need to balance work and personal
responsibilities.

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 Importance of IT to a Businesses

Better customer service:

• IT can enable businesses to provide better customer service by allowing them
to respond more quickly to customer inquiries and issues. For example,
businesses can use chatbots to provide 24/7 customer support.
Increased competitiveness:
• Businesses that use IT effectively can gain a competitive advantage by being
able to operate more efficiently, innovate faster, and respond more quickly to
changes in the market.
Better data management:
• IT tools can help businesses manage and analyze large amounts of data,
providing insights that can inform decision-making and improve business
operations.
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 Importance of IT to a Businesses

Enhanced security:
• IT can help businesses protect their data and systems from cyber threats
by implementing security measures such as firewalls, antivirus software,
and encryption.

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 IT based job roles in businesses

Software Developer/Engineer
Network Administrator/Engineer
Database Administrator
IT Support Technician
Information Security Analyst
Web Developer
Data Analyst
Cloud Architect
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Thank you!

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