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4931_Grace College of Engineering, Mullakadu

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

B.E. Electronics and Communication Engineering

Anna University Regulation: 2021

EC3354 – Signals and Systems

II Year / III Semester

Question Bank

Unit – 1
Classification of Signals and Systems

Prepared by

P.Tamilselvi AP/ECE

EC3354 – Signals and Systems

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EC 3354 – SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

2 MARKS & 16-MARKS
UNIT – I CLASSIFICATION OF SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Part A Questions and Answers
1. Define Signal and System.
Signals are defined as a physical quantity that varies with time, space or any
other independent variable.
Eg: Speech signal, TV & Radio signal, Voltage & Current.
System is a set of elements or functional blocks that are connected together and
produces an output in response to an input.

Eg: Amplifier, Filter and Motor.

2. Difference between Continuous Time Signal and Discrete Time Signal.

APRIL/MAY 10

Continuous Time Signal Discrete Time Signal.

1. Signal is defined for every 1. Signal is defined only at

instant of time. discrete instant of time.

2. Denoted by x(t). 2. Denoted by x(n).

3. It is also called analog signal. 3. x(t) = x(nT)

3.Define step and impulse function in discrete signals.

APRIL/MAY 2010, 2011, NOV/DEC 2013,15
Unit impulse sequence δ(n): ( sample sequence)
It is defined as
= 1 for n = 0
= 0 for n 0

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Fig: Unit Impulse Sequence

Unit step sequence u(n): Fig: Unit Step Sequence

If a step function has unity magnitude hence it is called unit step signal.
It is denoted by u(n). It is defined as
u(n) = 1 for n ≥ 0
u(n) = 0 for n < 0

4. Prove that (n) = u(n) - u(n-1).

NOV/DEC 2010
We know that

u(n) - u(n-1) =

u(n) - u(n-1) = (n) = 1 for n = 0

= 0 for n ≠ 0

5. Difference between Periodic and Aperiodic signals. APRIL/MAY 2010

Periodic signal Aperiodic signal

1. For CT signal is said to be 1. For CT signal is said to be A
periodic periodic
if, x(t) = x(t+T) for all t. If, x(t) x(t+T) for all t.
2. For Discrete, 2. For Discrete,
if, x(n) = x(n+N) for all n. If, x(n) x(n+N) for all n.
1. Eg: Sine waveform 3. Eg: Noise

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6. Define Deterministic Signal and Random Signals (or) Non-Deterministic Signals
MAY/JUNE 2013 APRIL/MAY 2010, 2011

Deterministic Signal is defined as the signals that are completely specified in time and
it can be predicated.
Eg: x(t) = Asinωt

Random Signal is defined as the signal that takes on random value at any given instant
are it cannot be predicted.

Eg: Thermal noise in an electric circuit ECG signal.

7. Define Energy Signals and Power Signals for CT and DT Signal?
APRIL/MAY 2013, 2015, NOV/DEC 2010
For CT signal:
 A Signal x(t) is called an energy signals if the energy is finite and power is zero.
 Total Energy , E =
 A Signal x(t) is called a power signal if the average power P is finite and energy
is infinite.
 Average power , P = watts
Note : The square root of P is known as rms value of the signal.
For DT signal:
 Total Energy, E =
 Average power, P =
Determine whether the following signals is energy or power and calculate its
energy and power x(t) = e-2t u(t) NOV/DEC 2012
Solution:
The energy of the signal
E=

= =

The power of the signal

P=

= =0

The energy of the signal is finite, and the power is 0. Therefore the signal x1(t) is an energy signal.

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8. For the signal shown in Figure, find x(2t + 3) . NOV/DEC 2009 MAY 2014

Solution:

Starting point Ending point

2t+3 = -1 2t+3 = 2
2t = -4 2t = -1
t= t=
t = -2 t = -0.5 Fig : x(2t+3)
9. Check whether the following system is static or dynamic and also causal and
non-causal. y(n) =x(2n) NOV/DEC 2017,
APR/MAY 2010
A System is said to be static (Memory less), if its output depends upon the
present input only. A System is said to be dynamic (System with Memory), if its
output depends upon post as well as future values of the input.
(i) The given system equation is,
y(n) = x(2n)
Here when, n = 1 y(1) = x(2)
n = 2 y(2) = x(4)…
Thus the output y(n) depends upon the future inputs. Hence the system is non-
causal.
(ii) The given system equation is,
y(n) = x(2n)
Here when, n = 1 y(1) = x(2)
n = 2 y(2) = x(4)…
Thus the system needs to store the future input samples. It requires memory.
Hence the system is dynamic.
10. Determine whether the system y(n) = log(1+|x(n)|) is stable or not.
NOV/DEC 2011
Here y(n) = log(1+|x(n)|) is taken.This means 1+ |x(n)| > 0.
Hence y(n) will be bounded for all bounded values of x(n).
The system is stable.

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11. Verify whether the system described by the equation is linear and time
invariant
y(t) = x(t2 ). APRIL/MAY 2016
Solution:
Condition for linearity
a1y1( t) + a2y2(t) = f [a1x1( t) + a2x2(t)]
y1( t) = x1( t2)
y2( t) = x2( t2)
a1y1( t) = a1x1( t2)
a2y2( t) = a2x2( t2)
a1y1(t) + a2y2(t) = a1x1( t2) + a2x2( t2)
= [a1x1( t2) + a2x2(t2)] (1)
R.H.S
f[a1x1( t) + a2x2(t)] = [a1x1( t2) + a2x2(t2)] (2)
(1) = (2) Therefore the system is linear.
Condition for Time Invariant
y(t-T) = F [x(t-T)]
y(t-T) = x(t-T)2(1)
F[x(t-T)] = x(t2-T) (2)
(1) ≠ (2)
Therefore the system is time variant
12. Given x[n] = {1, -4, 3, 1, 5, 2}. Represent x(n) in terms of weighted shifted
impulse functions. MAY/JUNE 2014
x(n) =
= +
Ans: x(n) = +
13. Sketch the following signals. MAY/JUNE 2014
a) x(t) = 2t for all t
b) x(n) = 2n – 3, for all n.
Solution:
a) x(t) = 2t for all t
t = 0, x(t) = 0
t = 1, x(t) = 2
t = 2, x(t) = 4 Fig: x(t) = 2t
b) x(n) = 2n – 3, for all n.
n = -2, x(n) = -7
n = -1, x(n) = -5
n = 0, x(n) = -3
n = 1, x(n) = -1
n = 2, x(n) = 1
n = 3, x(n) = 3
n = 4, x(n) = 5
n = 5, x(n) = 7
Fig: x(n) = 2n – 3

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14. Check whether the discrete time signal sin3n is periodic. MAY/JUNE 2013, 2017
Solution: x(n) = sin3n
N= .m; ω = 3

N= .m

N= .m
Assume m = 3,
N = 2π
The number is the irrational number. Hence the given signal is non-periodic.
15. Define Time Invariant and Variant System (or) what are the condition for a system to
be LTI system ? (or) How do you prove that the system is time invariant? NOV/DEC 2013,
APRIL/MAY 2017
 A System is said to be time-invariant, if its input-output characteristics do not change
with time.
 A System is said to be linear time Invariant system, if it satisfies the condition.
For CT System, y(t-T) = f [x(t-T)]
For DT System, y(n-K) = f [x(n-K)]
 If it does not satisfies the condition the given system is “Time variant system".
 If all Coefficients are constant, the given system is Linear Time System.
Eg: 2d2y(t)/dt2 + 4dy(t)/dt + 5y(t) = 5x(t)
 If coefficient is a function of time the given system is "Linear Time Varying System".
Eg: 2d2y(t)/dt2 + 4tdy(t)/dt + 5y(t) = x(t).

UNIT – I
PART B Questions and Answers
1 . SKETCHING
a) A continuous time signal x(t) is shown in fig. sketch and label carefully each of the following
signal: 1) x(t-1) 2) x(2-t) 3)x(t)[δ(t+3/2) - δ(t-3/2)] 4) x(2t+1)
APRIL/MAY 2008,2017, NOV/DEC 2016

Fig: x(t)

Solution:
1) x(t-1) 2) x(2-t)

3) x(t)[δ(t+3/2)- δ(t-3/2)] 4) x(2t+1)

b). Sketch the following signals: APRIL/MAY 2011

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1) x(t) = r(t) 2) x(t) = r(-t+2) 3) x(t) = -2r(t)

Solution:
1) x(t) = r(t) 2) x(t) = r(-t+2) 3)x(t) = -2r(t)

c) A discrete time signal is shown below: Sketch the following NOV/DEC 2006

1) x(n-3) 2) x(3-n) 3) x(2n)

Fig: x(n)
Solution:
1) x(n-3) 2) x(3-n) 3) x(2n)
Starting point Ending point Starting point Ending point
n-3 = -3 n-3 = 3 3 - n = -3 3-n=3
n=0 n=6 -n = -3-3 = 6 n=0

2) a) CLASSIFICATION OF CT SIGNALS & DT SIGNALS:

2. b) CONTINUOUS TIME SYSTEMS & DISCRETE TIME SYSTEMS:

3. PERIODIC OR NON-PERIODIC
a) Determine whether the discrete time sequence. x(n) = sin + cos
MAY/JUNE 13, 14, 15,17

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b) Check whether the following are periodic MAY/JUNE 2014
1) x(n) = sin
2) x(n) = ej3π/5(n+1/2)
C) Check whether the following signals are periodic/aperiodic signals.
x(n) = 3 + cos + cos2n NOV/ DEC 13, 14, 16
d) x(t) = 2cos 100πt + 5 sin 50t April/May 08,16
4. POWER/ENERGY:
a) Define energy & power signals. Find whether the signals x(n) = n u(n)is energy or
power and calculate their energy and power. NOV/DEC 13, APRIL/MAY 16,17
Given: x(n) = n u(n) b) x(t) = cos2( 0t).

5. SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION
1) y(t) + ty(t) = x(t) NOV/DEC 2013,15, MAY 16
2) y(n) = x(n2) NOV/DEC 13, 09, 17
3) y(n) = x2(n) APRIL/MAY 09, NOV 12
4) y(t) =
5) y(n) = April/May 2000,2017
PART-C
1. (a) (i) Find out whether the following signals are periodic or not. If periodic find
the period x(t) = 2cos(10t+1)-sin(4t-1) x(n) = cos(0.1πn)
(ii) Find out whether the following signals are energy or power signal or neither
power nor energy. Determine power or energy as the case may be for the signal
x(t) = u(t)+5u(t-1)-2u(t-2). APRIL/MAY - 2017
2. (b) Determine the properties viz linearity, causality, time invariance and
dynamicity of the given systems APRIL/MAY - 2017
y(t) = +3t +y(t) = x(t)
y1(n) = x(n2)+x(n)
y2(n) = log10x(n)
3. Find whether the following signals are periodic or aperiodic. If periodic find the
period and fundamental frequency. (8) APRIL/MAY 2016
(i) x1(n) = sin 2πt + cos πt Model (Pg – 1.43)
(ii) x2(n) = sin . cos Model (Pg – 1.51)
4. Find whether the following signals are power or energy signals. Determine power and
energy of the signals. (8) APRIL/MAY 2016
(1) g(t) = 5 cos + 2 sin (Pg – 1.54)

(2) g(n) = (0.5)n u(n)(Pg – 1.57)

5. Find whether the following systems are time variant or fixed. Also find whether the
systems are linear or nonlinear. (16) APRIL/MAY 2016
(1) +4 +5 + t) = x(t)

(2)y(n) = an2 x(n) + bnx(n – 2)

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 Click on Subject/Paper under Semester to enter.
Random Process and Electromagnetic
Professional English Linear Algebra -
Professional English - - II - HS3252 Fields - EC3452
MA3355
I - HS3152
C Programming and Networks and
Statistics and
Data Structures - Security - EC3401
Matrices and Calculus Numerical Methods -
CS3353
- MA3151 MA3251
1st Semester

3rd Semester

Linear Integrated

4th Semester
2nd Semester

Signals and Systems - Circuits - EC3451

Engineering Physics - Engineering Graphics
- GE3251 EC3354
PH3151 Digital Signal
Processing - EC3492
Physics for Electronic Devices and
Engineering Chemistry Electronics Engg - Circuits - EC3353
- CY3151 PH3254 Communication
Systems - EC3491
Control Systems -
Basic Electrical & EC3351
Problem Solving and Instru Engg - BE3254 Environmental
Python Programming - Sciences and
GE3151 Digital Systems Design Sustainability -
Circuit Analysis - - EC3352 GE3451
EC3251

Wireless
Communication -
EC3501 Embedded Systems
and IOT Design -
ET3491
VLSI and Chip Design
5th Semester

- EC3552 Human Values and

7th Semester

8th Semester
6th Semester

Artificial Intelligence Ethics - GE3791

and Machine Learning
Transmission Lines and - CS3491
RF Systems - EC3551 Open Elective 2 Project Work /
Intership
Open Elective-1 Open Elective 3
Elective 1
Elective-4
Open Elective 4
Elective 2
Elective-5
Elective 3
Elective-6
 All ECE Engg Subjects - [ B.E., M.E., ] (Click on Subjects to enter)
Circuit Analysis Digital Electronics Communication Theory
Basic Electrical and Electrical Engineering and Principles of Digital
Instrumentation Engineering Instrumentation Signal Processing
Electronic Devices Linear Integrated Circuits Signals and Systems
Electronic Circuits I Electronic Circuits II Digital Communication
Transmission Lines and Wave Control System Engineering Microprocessors and
Guides Microcontrollers
Computer Architecture Computer Networks Operating Systems
RF and Microwave Engineering Medical Electronics VLSI Design
Optical Communication and Embedded and Real Time Cryptography and
Networks Systems Network Security
Probability and Random Transforms and Partial Physics for Electronics
Processes Differential Equations Engineering
Engineering Physics Engineering Chemistry Engineering Graphics
Problem Solving and Python Object Oriented Programming Environmental Science
Programming and Data Structures and Engineering
Principles of Management Technical English Total Quality
Management
Professional Ethics in Engineering Mathematics I Engineering Mathematics
Engineering II