Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Distribution of Volcanoes, Earthquake Epicenter, and
Mountain Ranges Part II
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: John F. Bautista
Editor: Rosalina B. Piamonte
Reviewers: Jefrey Nual (Technical)
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Mark Kihm G. Lara
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 10
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 5
Distribution of Volcanoes, Earthquake Epicenter, and
Mountain Ranges Part II
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Distribution of Volcanoes,

Earthquake Epicenter, and Mountain Ranges Part II!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Distribution of Volcanoes,

Earthquake Epicenter, and Mountain Ranges Part II!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module is designed and written to help you master the lesson on the
distribution of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain belts
and its relationship to Plate Tectonic Theory.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. infer the relationship of tectonic plates, earthquake epicenters and active
volcanoes; and
2. relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major
mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory; and
3. appreciate the importance of determining the location of active faults and
trenches to minimize the effects of disaster-related events.

PRETEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. What do you call the major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large
number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur?
A. Atlantic Ring of Fire
B. Bermuda Triangle
C. Pacific Ocean
D. d. Pacific Ring of Fire

2. Which of the following countries will most likely experience earthquakes and
volcanic eruptions?
A. Indonesia
B. Japan
C. Philippines
D. All are correct.

3. How will you relate the distribution of earthquake epicenters with the
distribution of active volcanoes around the world?
A. Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are situated separately.
B. Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are situated in between.
C. Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are both situated at the same plates.
D. Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are both situated at the same
locations.

4. How will you compare the location of the earthquake epicenters, active
volcanoes, and mountain ranges of the world?
 A. Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are situated
separately.
B. Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are situated at
the same locations.
C. Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are situated at
the same tectonic plates.
D. Earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes are located in Asia while
mountain ranges are in Antarctica.

5. As a student, how will you contribute to the school efforts in reducing the
damage caused by an earthquake?
A. Participate actively in the earthquake drills conducted by the school.
B. Prepare a first aid kit and other important documents.
C. Familiarize yourself with the evacuation plans and routes.
D. All of the above.

RECAP

In your Grade 8 Science, you have learned about Earthquake and Faults.
Can you still remember your lesson about it? Let’s have some practice exercises to
refresh your mind. Pair Matching. Pair the following words with their respective
descriptions

LESSON

The Ring of Fire also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the
Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The
majority of Earth’s volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the Ring of Fire. It is
a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions occur. In a large 40,000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe shape, it is associated
with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic
belts and plate movements. It has 452 volcanoes (more than 75% of the world's
active and dormant volcanoes).
Some of the countries that are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire include: Chile,
United States, Russia, Mexico, Antarctica, Philippines, Japan, Papua New Guinea,
Indonesia, New Zealand, Canada, Peru, Taiwan, Guatemala, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Tuvalu, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Samoa, Singapore,
Palau, Micronesia, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Malaysia, and Kiribati.
Earth’s crust is not all in one piece. According to the plate tectonic theory, the
lithosphere is broken into several fragments of plates that slide under, slide over,
and slide past each other resulting in the formation of mountains, volcanoes, and
earthquake epicenters, and other phenomena.

Figure 1. Pacific Ring of Fire

Let us see how geologists used the plotted positions of earthquake epicenters,
active volcanoes, and major mountain belts throughout the world in conceptualizing
crustal movements. The next activity will give you a first-hand experience on how
they lay the foundation of plate tectonics.
 ACTIVITIES

Module No 5: Activity No.1: Understanding the Boundaries

Direction:
1. Study the map below.
2. Using the traced map in the previous activity: map of the earthquake epicenters,
map of the major mountain belts, and the map of the active volcanoes of the world
place the earthquake plastic sheet, volcano plastic sheet over the mountain plastic
sheet.

Figure 2. Map of Earthquake Epicenters, Active Volcanoes and Mountain Ranges

Guide Questions:
1. How will you relate the distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
2. How will you relate the distribution of active volcanoes and mountain ranges?
3. How will you compare the location of the earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes,
and mountains?
4. Why do you think the location of the earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and
mountains tend to occur in the same area?
5. What do you think are the basis of the scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere
into several plates?

Closure:
Based on the activity, how will you relate the distribution of active volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges in the Plate Tectonic Theory?

Module No 5: Activity No.2: Understanding the Boundaries

Direction: Study the following map of earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes
below.
Guide Questions:
1. What have you noticed about the location of these countries concerning the
map of earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes?
2. How will you compare the frequency of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in
these places?
3. Are the presence and locations of volcanoes and earthquake epicenters related
to plate tectonics? Why do you think so?
4. Knowing that the Philippines is located at the Pacific Ring of Fire, what are
the safety precautionary measures that should be done to prepare for a
disaster like an earthquake and volcanic eruptions?

WRAP-UP

To summarize what have you learned, answer the following. Write one
complete sentence for each item listed below.
Earthquake epicenters
Mountains
Volcanoes
Pacific Ring Of Fire
Philippines
 VALUING

Module No 5: Activity No.3: Safety at its Best!

Direction: Study the Distribution of Active Faults and Trenches in the Philippines.

Thousands of earthquakes occur in the

Philippines each year. Most of them are too
small to be felt by humans. Only a few are
strong to cause damage and casualties to
human life. What is the risk of damage from
earthquakes in the area we live? Is the risk
factor the same throughout the Philippines?
How many places in the Philippines are
believed to be free from earthquake risk?
What are the things to consider in the place
to live in? If we cannot avoid these areas or
places, what should be done to minimize the
damage caused by the earthquake or volcanic
eruptions?

POSTTEST

Read and answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the is a path along the Pacific Ocean
characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
a. Circum-Pacific belt c. Mid-Atlantic ridge system
b. International Risk System d. Prime meridian

2. Are the presence and locations of active volcanoes and earthquake epicenters
related to plate tectonics? Why do you think so?
a. Yes, the presence of earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes are related
to plate tectonics because they lie in the same locations where plate
margins meet.
b. No, the location of earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes are not
related to plate tectonics.
c. Yes, both earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes are related because
they are both riskers of life.
d. No, the presence of earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes are not
related to plate tectonics because they lie in the same locations.
3. How will you relate the locations of earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes,
and major mountain belts?
a. Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges lie in the same
place.
b. Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are situated
separately.
c. Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes, and mountain ranges are situated at
the same tectonic plates.
d. Earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes are located in Asia while
mountain ranges are in Antarctica.

4. Why do you think earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes and major

mountain belts lie in the same locations?
a. Because they are not related to each other.
b. Because this results in the damage of infrastructures and can cause loss
of human lives.
c. Because most of the active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts are found in the middle of the oceans.
d. Because they are located mostly at the edges of plate margins where plates
collide, diverge, and slide past against each other forming geological
features and events.

5. A hazard is any agent that can cause harm, or damage to humans, property
or the environment. Which of the following should NOT be done during an
earthquake?
a. Run as fast as you can.
b. Do not use elevators.
c. Duck, cover, and hold.
d. Stay away from glass windows, shelves, cabinets, and other heavy objects.
Activity 1
Guide Questions:
1. Earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes are located in the same place.
2. Active volcanoes and mountains/ mountain ranges lie on the same
locations.
3. Earthquake epicenters, volcanoes and mountain ranges lie on the same
place.
4. It is where most of the plate margins are found where movements takes
place such as convergence, divergence and sliding of plates.
5. Seismicity, volcanism and mountain formation are the basis of the scientist
in dividing the Earth’s lithosphere into several plates.
Generalization:
Mountain ranges are found in place where volcanoes and/or earthquake
epicenters are also located. It is where most of the plate margins are located
causing the formation of geological events and structures.
Activity 2
Guide Questions
1. These countries are prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
2. The frequency of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are greater in this
place.
3. Yes, the presence and locations of volcanoes and earthquake epicenters
are related to plate tectonics. It is where most of the plate margins are
located causing the formation of geological events and structures.
4. Answers may vary.
Wrap-Up
Answers may vary.
Activity 3
Answers may vary.
Post-Assessment
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A
KEY TO CORRECTION
stations.
Secondary waves- The second type of wave to be recorded in a seismic
Primary waves- The first type of wave to be recorded in a seismic station.
Earthquake- The vibration of the earth due to the rapid release of energy.
Epicenter- The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.
Seismogram- A record made by a seismograph.
Seismograph- A device used to record earthquake waves.
Focus- The place inside the Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates.
Recap

5. D 4. B 3. D 2. D 1. D
Pre-assessment

References
A. Books
Madriaga, et. al. 2017. Science Links 8 Revised Edition. Manila. Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Valdoz, et. al. 2017. Science Links 10 Revised Edition. Manila. Rex Book
Store, Inc.

B. Government Publications
Government of the Philippines, Department of Education. 2015. Science
Learner’s Material 10 pp. 10-13
Government of the Philippines, Department of Education. 2015. Science
Teachers’s Guide pp. 10-11
Bureau of Secondary Education Lesson Plans in Integrated Science pp. 338-
339

C. Online and Electronic Sources

How Plate Tectonics is Connected with Life on the Planet. Accessed June 18,
2020.
www.the-dialogue.com/en/en66-how-plate-tectonics-is-connected-
with-life-on-the-planet/
Pacific Ring of Fire. Accessed June 18, 2020.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/36/98/17/3698172f40b20d8350492
290cfdcd00e.jpg
Photo of Top 7 Mountains. Accessed June 26, 2020.
https://mrsbohaychuk.weebly.com/topic-7-mountains.html
Ring of Fire. Accessed June 25, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_of_Fire