Web Programming Viva Questions

1. HTML stands for

Hyper Text Markup Language

2. What does an HTML document describe?

As: Web pages

3. Links in HTML are defined with what tag?

As: <a>, anchor tag

4. How many heading styles are there in HTML?

As: 6 headings, h1..h6

5. How line break is given in HTML

As: using <br> tag

6. What is the use of attributes used in HTML?

As: They provide additional information for tags

7. For what purpose <hr> tag is used?

As: The <hr /> tag is used to create an horizontal rule (line).

8. What are the basic text formatting tags used in HTML?

As: <b> for bold, <i> for italic, <u> for underline etc.

9. What is a hyperlink?

As: In web terms, a hyperlink is a reference (an address) to a resource on

the web.

10. How images are displayed on web pages in HTML?

As: In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it

has no closing tag. To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the
src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display on your page. The syntax of defining an image: <img src=”url/”>

11. Explain <table> tag used in HTML?

As: Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data
cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for "table data," which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text,
images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.

12. How many types of lists are available in HTML?

As: three types of lists are available <ul> for unordered list, <ol> for ordered list, <dl> for definition lists.

13. Explain <form> element used in HTML?

As: A form is an area that can contain form elements. Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like
text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form.A form is defined with the <form> tag.

14. Explain about frames used in HTML?

As: With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser window. Each HTML document is called
a frame, and each frame is independent of the others.The disadvantages of using frames are: • The web developer must keep
track of more HTML documents • It is difficult to print the entire page

15.How to use styles in HTML?

As: When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it. There are three ways of inserting a style
sheet:
External Style Sheet :An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you
can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The
<link> tag goes inside the head section.

Internal Style Sheet :An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You define internal
styles in the head section with the <style> tag

Inline style sheets

How CSS syntax is made up of?

As: The CSS syntax is made up of three parts: a selector, a property and

a value

. What is Javascript?

As: JavaScript is THE scripting language of the Web.JavaScript is used in millions of Web pages to add functionality, validate
forms, detect browsers, and much more. JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool JavaScript can put dynamic text
into an HTML page JavaScript can react to events JavaScript can read and write HTML elements – JavaScript can be used to
validate data – JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser – JavaScript can be used to create cookies

25. Explain the importance of XML?

As: XML stands for EXtensible Markup Language. XML was designed to transport and store data.XML is important to know,
and very easy to learn.XML tags are not predefined, user has to define the tags

26. What is the difference between XML and HTML?

As: XML is not a replacement for HTML. XML and HTML were designed with different goals:

• XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data

is. • HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks. HTML is about displaying information, while XML is
about carrying information.

27. What is XML tree?

As: XML Documents Form a Tree Structure XML documents must contain a root element. This element is parent

of all other elements. The elements in an XML document form a document tree. The tree starts at

the root and branches to the lowest level of the tree. All elements can have sub elements (child elements):

Ex

<root>

<child>

<subchild>.....</subchild>

</child>

</root>

The terms parent, child, and sibling are used to describe the relationships between

elements. Parent elements have children. Children on the same level are called

siblings (brothers or sisters).

All elements can have text content and attributes (just like in HTML).

Example:

What are the syntax rules for XML document?

As: All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag XML Tags are Case Sensitive XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

What is an XML Element?

(including) the element's end tag. An element can contain other elements, simple text or a mixture of both. Elements can also
have attributes.