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Class 05 - Failure Analysis Techniques

The document discusses key concepts in industrial engineering related to failure analysis including failure density function, failure probability, survival probability, failure rate, mean time to failure, and provides examples of calculations for various distributions. Techniques covered include the normal and exponential distributions. Examples calculate probabilities of failure or survival for components over time for given failure rate parameters and distributions.

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548 views23 pages

Class 05 - Failure Analysis Techniques

The document discusses key concepts in industrial engineering related to failure analysis including failure density function, failure probability, survival probability, failure rate, mean time to failure, and provides examples of calculations for various distributions. Techniques covered include the normal and exponential distributions. Examples calculate probabilities of failure or survival for components over time for given failure rate parameters and distributions.

Uploaded by

b_shadid8399
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial Engineering

Definitions

Failure Density Function f(t)


Definitions

Techniques

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Definitions

Failure Probability F(t)


Definitions

Techniques

F(t) = f (t)dt

f (t) = dF(t)/dt

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Definitions

Survival Probability or Reliability


Definitions

R(t) =1 F(t)

Techniques

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Definitions

Failure Rate ( t )
Definitions

(t)=f(t)/R(t)

Techniques

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Definitions

MTTF
Definitions

(Mean Time to Failure) the lifetime of a non-repairable system

MTTFF
(mean time to first failure)
Techniques

MTBF
(mean time between failure)

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Definitions

Definitions

Techniques

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Analysis Techniques

Failure function curves of the normal distribution


Definitions

Techniques

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Analysis Techniques

Failure function curves of the normal distribution


Definitions

Techniques

Examples

Industrial Engineering

Analysis Techniques

Equations for the normal distribution


Definitions

Techniques

Examples

Parameters:

t: Statistical variables (load time, load cycle, number of operations, ...) > 0 : Location parameter = tm = tmedian = tmode : scale measurement > 0
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Industrial Engineering

Analysis Techniques

Equations for the exponential distribution


Definitions

= 1/tm
Techniques

tm is MTTF

Examples

10

Industrial Engineering

Analysis Techniques

Equations for the exponential distribution


Definitions

Techniques

Examples

11

Industrial Engineering

Analysis Techniques

Equations for the exponential distribution


Definitions

Techniques

Examples

Parameters:

t: Statistical variables (load time, load cycle, number of operations, ...) > 0 : Location of shape parameter = 1/tm > 0

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Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

What is the probability of an item surviving until t = 100 units if the item is exponentially distributed with a mean time between failure of 80 units? Given that the item survived to 200 units, what is the probability of survival until t = 300 units? What is the value of the hazard function at 200 units, 300 units?

Techniques

Examples

13

Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

What is the probability of an item surviving until t = 100 units if the item is exponentially distributed with a mean time between failure of 80 units? Given that the item survived to 200 units, what is the probability of survival until t = 300 units? What is the value of the hazard function at 200 units, 300 units? The probability of survival until t = 100 units is

Techniques

R(100) e

100 80

0.2865

The probability of survival until t = 300 units given survival until t = 200 units is R(300) e 300/ 80 R(300,200) 200/ 80 0.2865 R(200) e

Examples

Note that this is equal to the probability of failure in the interval from t=0 to t=100.

The value of the hazard function is equal to the failure rate and is constant h(t)= 1/80 = 0.125
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Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

The lifetime (in hours) of an electrical component can be described by the exponential distribution f (t) = exp(t) t 0; =1/(500h) . 1. What is the probability that the component does not fail before the time t1 = 2. What is the probability that the component fails before t2 = 100 h? 3. What is the probability that the component fails between the times t3 = 200 h and t4 = 300 h? 4. How long, t5, can the component survive with exactly 90% safety and which range of time can the component survive with at least 90% safety? 5. What value must the parameter have for a lifetime distribution where the probability is 90% so that the lifetime of a component is at least 50 h?

200 h?

Techniques

Examples

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Industrial Engineering

Examples

Definitions

Techniques

Examples

16

Industrial Engineering

Examples

Definitions

Techniques

Examples

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Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

In a factory, a device that works effectively as good as new during its operating life, has failure rate of 0.008 failures per day. If the probability of failure for this device is independent of running time, find the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. The probability that this device will fail before 100 days of running time The probability that this device will last for more than 80 days The probability that this device will not run for 40 days before failing The probability that this device will fail before the 10 days that follow the first 100 days of running time 5. The probability that this device will last for more than 60 days and less than 120 days 6. The probability that this device will fail after 50 days of working and before 100 days of running time 7. The probability that this device will fail during the 10 days that follow the first 100 days of running time

Techniques

Examples

18

Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

The reliability of a technical component is given by the equation:

R(t) = exp( (t)2 ) for t


Techniques
Calculate the failure density, the failure probability and the failure rate. Show the results graphically

Examples

19

Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

The reliability of a technical component is given by the equation:

R(t) = exp( (t)2 ) for t


Techniques
Calculate the failure density, the failure probability and the failure rate. Show the results graphically

Examples

20

Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

An electrical meter times to failure are described by the following probability density function:

(t) = exp (-t)


Where: = 0.0005

Techniques

Calculate the hazard rate and the motor

MTTF.

Examples

21

Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

A mechanical device times to failure are described by the following probability density function:

(t) = 2 e
Where:

(-2t)

= 0.0004

Techniques

Calculate the failure rate and the device MTTF.

Examples

22

Industrial Engineering

Examples

Example:

Definitions

Techniques

An item shows a marked wear-out failure pattern. It tends to fail at mean operating age of 200 days. The dispersion from the mean that is associated with the times to failure of this item is 40 days measured as standard deviation. Find the following: 1. The probability that this item will last for more than 160 days and less than 300days 2. The probability that this item will fail in the first 20 days after 300 of successful working days

Examples

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