MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

Chapter 1 Basic Computation

Warm-up Exercise (p.1.2) 3. (a) The multiples of 14 are 14, 28, 42, …
1. (a) ∵ 10 is an even number. The multiples of 21 are 21, 42, …
∴ 10 is divisible by 2. Among their common multiples, 42 is the smallest.
∵ 25 is an odd number. ∴ L.C.M. of 14 and 42 is 42.

∴ 25 is not divisible by 2. (b) The multiples of 15 are 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, …
The multiples of 18 are 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, …
∵ 32 is an even number.
Among their common multiples, 90 is the smallest.
∴ 32 is divisible by 2.
∴ L.C.M. of 15 and 18 is 90.
∵ 64 is an even number.
∴ 64 is divisible by 2. 4. (a) 12 + 5 × (21 – 13)
∵ 300 is an even number. = 12 + 5 × 8
∴ 300 is divisible by 2. = 12 + 40
(b) ∵ The units digit of 25 is 5. = 52
∴ 25 is divisible by 5 but not by 10. 1 3 2
(b) –  
∵ The units digit of 40 is 0. 4 4 3
∴ 40 is divisible by both 5 and 10. 1  9 8
= –  
∵ The units digit of 75 is 5. 4  12 12 

∴ 75 is divisible by 5 but not by 10. 1 1

= –
4 12
∵ The units digit of 125 is 5.
3 1
∴ 125 is divisible by 5 but not by 10. = –
12 12
∵ The units digit of 400 is 0. 2
=
∴ 400 is divisible by both 5 and 10. 12
(c) Consider 28. 1
=
∵ 2 + 8 = 10, which is not a multiple of 3. 6
∴ 28 is not divisible by 3. (c) 7.2 – 10  (4 – 1.5)
Consider 39. = 7.2 – 10  2.5
∵ 3 + 9 = 12, which is a multiple of 3. = 7.2 – 4
∴ 39 is divisible by 3. = 3.2
Consider 123. 1
(d) 6 × 0.5 + 2 – 1.3
∵ 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, which is a multiple of 3. 2
= 6 × 0.5 + 2.5 – 1.3
∴ 123 is divisible by 3.
= 3 + 2.5 – 1.3
Consider 599.
= 5.5 – 1.3
∵ 5 + 9 + 9 = 23, which is not a multiple of 3.
= 4.2
∴ 599 is not divisible by 3.
Consider 1404. Practice 1.1 (p.1.5)
∵ 1 + 4 + 0 + 4 = 9, which is a multiple of 3. 1. ∵ The last two digits of 7764 are 64, and 64 is a
∴ 1404 is divisible by 3. multiple of 4.
∴ 7764 is divisible by 4.
2. (a) The factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18.
The factors of 63 are 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, 63. 2. ∵ The last two digits of 81 386 are 86, and 86 is not a
Among their common factors, 9 is the largest.
multiple of 4.
∴ H.C.F. of 18 and 63 is 9.
∴ 81 386 is not divisible by 4.
(b) The factors of 70 are 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 35, 70.
The factors of 112 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 56,
3. ∵ The last two digits of 132 000 are 00.
112.
∴ 132 000 is divisible by 4.
Among their common factors, 14 is the largest.
∴ H.C.F. of 70 and 112 is 14.
4. ∵ The last two digits of 275 074 are 74, and 74 is not a
multiple of 4.
∴ 275 074 is not divisible by 4.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

Practice 1.2 (p.1.6) ∵ 1 + 9 + 5 + 3 + 3 + 8 + 4 = 33, which is a multiple

1. (a) ∵ The last three digits of 4424 are 424, and 424 is of 3.
a multiple of 8. ∴ 1 953 384 is divisible by 3.
∴ 4424 is divisible by 8. ∵ 1 953 384 is an even number.
(b) ∵ The last three digits of 19 652 are 652, and 652 ∴ 1 953 384 is divisible by 6.
is not a multiple of 8. ∴ 1 953 384 is divisible by both 6 and 8.
∴ 19 652 is not divisible by 8.
(c) ∵ The last three digits of 43 316 are 316, and 316 Practice 1.4 (p.1.9)
is not a multiple of 8. 1. ∵ 2 + 3 + 7 + 9 = 21, which is a multiple of 3.
∴ 43 316 is not divisible by 8. ∴ Any 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
(d) ∵ The last three digits of 376 536 are 536, and divisible by 3.
536 is a multiple of 8. Among these 4-digit numbers formed, those which are
∴ 376 536 is divisible by 8. even numbers are also divisible by 6.
∴ The possible 4-digit numbers formed that are divisible
2. ∵ The last three digits of 28 900 are 900, and 900 is by 6 are 3792, 3972, 7392, 7932, 9372 and 9732. (any
not a multiple of 8. three)
∴ 28 900 is not divisible by 8.
∴ 28 900 is not divisible by both 8 and 10. 2. ∵ 1 + 3 + 4 + 7 + 9 = 24, which is a multiple of 3.
∴ Any 5-digit numbers formed by these digits are
3. ∵ The last three digits of 753 384 are 384, and 384 is divisible by 3.
a multiple of 8. Among these 5-digit numbers formed, those which are
∴ 753 384 is divisible by 8. even numbers are also divisible by 6.
∴ The possible 5-digit numbers formed that are greater
∵ 7 + 5 + 3 + 3 + 8 + 4 = 30, which is a multiple of 3.
than 50 000 and divisible by 6 are 71 394, 71 934,
∴ 753 384 is divisible by 3.
73 194, 73 914, 79 134, 79 314, 91 374, 91 734,
∴ 753 384 is divisible by both 8 and 3.
93 174, 93 714, 97 134 and 97 314. (any four)

Practice 1.3 (p.1.8)

Practice 1.5 (p.1.10)
1. (a) ∵ 3 + 2 + 7 + 0 = 12, which is a multiple of 3. 1. (a) ∵ 1 + 6 + 3 + 2 = 12, which is not a multiple of 9.
∴ 3270 is divisible by 3.
∴ 1632 is not divisible by 9.
∵ 3270 is an even number.
(b) ∵ 4 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 9, which is a multiple of 9.
∴ 3270 is divisible by 6. ∴ 4122 is divisible by 9.
(b) ∵ 28 643 is an odd number. (c) ∵ 6 + 0 + 1 + 3 + 8 = 18, which is a multiple of 9.
∴ 28 643 is not divisible by 6. ∴ 60 138 is divisible by 9.
(c) ∵ 6 + 7 + 1 + 0 + 2 = 16, which is not a (d) ∵ 7 + 6 + 8 + 5 + 0 = 26, which is not a multiple
multiple of 3. of 9.
∴ 67 102 is not divisible by 3. ∴ 76 850 is not divisible by 9.
∴ 67 102 is not divisible by 6.
(d) ∵ 5 + 9 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 27, which is a multiple 2. ∵ 7 + 5 + 6 + 1 + 9 + 0 = 28, which is not a multiple
of 3. of 9.
∴ 596 232 is divisible by 3. ∴ 756 190 is not divisible by 9.
∵ 596 232 is an even number. ∴ 756 190 is not divisible by both 5 and 9.
∴ 596 232 is divisible by 6.
3. ∵ 6 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 8 = 27, which is a multiple of 9.
2. ∵ 7 + 0 + 8 + 5 + 6 = 26, which is not a multiple of 3.
∴ 623 448 is divisible by 9.
∴ 70 856 is not divisible by 3.
∵ The last three digits of 623 448 are 448, and 448 is
∴ 70 856 is not divisible by 6.
a multiple of 8.
∴ 70 856 is not divisible by both 4 and 6. ∴ 623 448 is divisible by 8.
∴ 623 448 is divisible by both 8 and 9.
3. ∵ The last three digits of 1 953 384 are 384, and 384 is
a multiple of 8.
∴ 1 953 384 is divisible by 8.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

Class Exercise 1.1 (p.1.11) ∴ 930 172 is not divisible by 3.

1. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 3768 are 68, and 68 is a ∴ 930 172 is not divisible by 6.
multiple of 4. (d) Consider 4104.
∴ 3768 is divisible by 4. ∵ 4 + 1 + 0 + 4 = 9, which is a multiple of 9.
∵ The last two digits of 9026 are 26, and 26 is not ∴ 4104 is divisible by 9.
a multiple of 4.
Consider 52 194.
∴ 9026 is not divisible by 4.
∵ 5 + 2 + 1 + 9 + 4 = 21, which is not a multiple
∵ The last two digits of 48 732 are 32, and 32 is a
of 9.
multiple of 4.
∴ 52 194 is not divisible by 9.
∴ 48 732 is divisible by 4.
Consider 73 179.
∵ The last two digits of 618 218 are 18, and 18 is
∵ 7 + 3 + 1 + 7 + 9 = 27, which is a multiple of 9.
not a multiple of 4.
∴ 73 179 is divisible by 9.
∴ 618 218 is not divisible by 4.
Consider 600 811.
∵ The last two digits of 801 348 are 48, and 48 is
∵ 6 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 1 + 1 = 16, which is not a
a multiple of 4.
multiple of 9.
∴ 801 348 is divisible by 4.
∴ 600 811 is not divisible by 9.
(b) ∵ The last three digits of 6098 are 098, and 98 is
Consider 821 602.
not a multiple of 8.
∵ 8 + 2 + 1 + 6 + 0 + 2 = 19, which is not a
∴ 6098 is not divisible by 8.
multiple of 9.
∵ The last three digits of 37 256 are 256, and 256
∴ 821 602 is not divisible by 9.
is a multiple of 8.
∴ 37 256 is divisible by 8.
2. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 31 784 are 84, and 84 is
∵ The last three digits of 92 168 are 168, and 168
a multiple of 4.
is a multiple of 8.
∴ 31 784 is divisible by 4.
∴ 92 168 is divisible by 8.
∵ 3 + 1 + 7 + 8 + 4 = 23, which is not a
∵ The last three digits of 520 544 are 544, and
multiple of 3.
544 is a multiple of 8.
∴ 31 784 is not divisible by 3.
∴ 520 544 is divisible by 8.
∴ 31 784 is not divisible by 6.
∵ The last three digits of 723 108 are 108, and
108 is not a multiple of 8. ∴ 31 784 is not divisible by both 4 and 6.
∴ 723 108 is not divisible by 8. (b) ∵ The last three digits of 802 656 are 656, and
(c) Consider 9636. 656 is a multiple of 8.
∵ 9 + 6 + 3 + 6 = 24, which is a multiple of 3. ∴ 802 656 is divisible by 8.
∴ 9636 is divisible by 3. ∵ 8 + 0 + 2 + 6 + 5 + 6 = 27, which is a multiple
∵ 9636 is an even number. of 9.
∴ 802 656 is divisible by 9.
∴ 9636 is divisible by 6.
Consider 20 145. ∴ 802 656 is divisible by both 8 and 9.
∵ 20 145 is an odd number.
3. (a) ∵ 1 + 3 + 4 + 7 = 15, which is a multiple of 3.
∴ 20 145 is not divisible by 6.
Consider 80 648. ∴ Any 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
∵ 8 + 0 + 6 + 4 + 8 = 26, which is not a multiple divisible by 3.
of 3. Among these 4-digit numbers formed, those which
∴ 80 648 is not divisible by 3. are even numbers are also divisible by 6.
∴ The possible 4-digit numbers formed that are
∴ 80 648 is not divisible by 6.
divisible by 6 are 1374, 1734, 3174, 3714, 7134
Consider 476 094.
and 7314. (any three)
∵ 4 + 7 + 6 + 0 + 9 + 4 = 30, which is a multiple
(b) ∵ 0 + 1 + 5 + 6 + 9 = 21, which is a multiple of 3.
of 3.
∴ 476 094 is divisible by 3. ∴ Any 5-digit numbers formed by these digits are
divisible by 3.
∵ 476 094 is an even number.
Among these 5-digit numbers formed, those which
∴ 476 094 is divisible by 6.
are even numbers are also divisible by 6.
Consider 930 172.
∴ The possible 5-digit numbers formed that are
∵ 9 + 3 + 0 + 1 + 7 + 2 = 22, which is not a
greater than 90 000 and divisible by 6 are
multiple of 3.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

90 156, 90 516, 91 056, 91 506, 91 560, 91 650, 4. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 7834 are 34, and 34 is
95 016, 95 106, 95 160, 95 610, 96 150 and not a multiple of 4.
96 510. (any four) ∴ 7834 is not divisible by 4.
(b) ∵ The last two digits of 8068 are 68, and 68 is
Exercise 1.1 (p.1.11)
a multiple of 4.
Section Check
∴ 8068 is divisible by 4.
(a) ∵ The last two digits of 13 572 are 72, and 72 is a
(c) ∵ The last two digits of 35 216 are 16, and 16 is
multiple of 4.
a multiple of 4.
∴ 13 572 is divisible by 4.
∴ 35 216 is divisible by 4.
∴ The statement is correct.
(d) ∵ The last two digits of 10500 are 00.
(b) ∵ The last three digits of 52 400 are 400, and 400 is a
∴ 10 500 is divisible by 4.
multiple of 8.
∴ 52 400 is divisible by 8. 5. (a) ∵ The last three digits of 3184 are 184, and 184 is
∴ The statement is incorrect. a multiple of 8.
(c) ∵ 4 + 7 + 0 + 3 + 4 = 18, which is a multiple of 3. ∴ 3184 is divisible by 8.
∴ 47 034 is divisible by 3. (b) ∵ The last three digits of 5200 are 200, and 200 is
∵ 47 034 is an even number. a multiple of 8.
∴ 47 034 is divisible by 6. ∴ 5200 is divisible by 8.
∴ The statement is correct. (c) ∵ The last three digits of 8036 are 036, and 36 is
(d) ∵ 12 is divisible by 3 but 12 is not divisible by 9. not a multiple of 8.
∴ Not all integers divisible by 3 are also divisible by 9. ∴ 8036 is not divisible by 8.

∴ The statement is incorrect. (d) ∵ The last three digits of 9596 are 596, and 596 is
not a multiple of 8.
1. (a) ∵ 3520 is an even number. ∴ 9596 is not divisible by 8.

∴ 3520 is divisible by 2. 6. (a) ∵ 3 + 6 + 4 + 8 = 21, which is a multiple of 3.

(b) ∵ 4001 is an odd number. ∴ 3648 is divisible by 3.
∴ 4001 is not divisible by 2. ∵ 3648 is an even number.
(c) ∵ 28 915 is an odd number. ∴ 3648 is divisible by 6.
∴ 28 915 is not divisible by 2. (b) ∵ 8523 is an odd number.
(d) ∵ 64 700 is an even number. ∴ 8523 is not divisible by 6.
∴ 64 700 is divisible by 2. (c) ∵ 67 137 is an odd number.
∴ 67 137 is not divisible by 6.
2. (a) ∵ The units digit of 3015 is 5.
(d) ∵ 4 + 6 + 7 + 2 + 8 = 27, which is a multiple of 3.
∴ 3015 is not divisible by both 5 and 10.
∴ 46 728 is divisible by 3.
(b) ∵ The units digit of 4200 is 0.
∵ 46 728 is an even number.
∴ 4200 is divisible by both 5 and 10.
∴ 46 728 is divisible by 6.
(c) ∵ The units digit of 7190 is 0.
∴ 7190 is divisible by both 5 and 10. 7. (a) ∵ 1 + 5 + 8 + 4 = 18, which is a multiple of 9.
(d) ∵ The units digit of 9090 is 0. ∴ 1584 is divisible by 9.
∴ 9090 is divisible by both 5 and 10. (b) ∵ 2 + 3 + 8 + 1 = 14, which is not a multiple of 9.
∴ 2381 is not divisible by 9.
3. (a) ∵ 5 + 0 + 4 + 3 = 12, which is a multiple of 3. (c) ∵ 4 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 16, which is not a multiple
∴ 5043 is divisible by 3. of 9.
(b) ∵ 6 + 2 + 9 + 1 = 18, which is a multiple of 3. ∴ 41 236 is not divisible by 9.
∴ 6291 is divisible by 3. (d) ∵ 7 + 2 + 9 + 5 + 3 = 26, which is not a multiple
(c) ∵ 1 + 3 + 5 + 0 + 7 = 16, which is not a multiple of 9.
of 3. ∴ 72 953 is not divisible by 9.
∴ 13 507 is not divisible by 3.
8. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 82 550 are 50, and 50 is
(d) ∵ 4 + 9 + 3 + 7 + 4 = 27, which is a multiple of 3.
not a multiple of 4.
∴ 49 374 is divisible by 3. ∴ 82 550 is not divisible by 4.
∴ 82 550 is not divisible by both 4 and 5.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

(b) ∵ The last two digits of 64 780 are 80, and 80 is ∴ 293 156 is not divisible by 3.
a multiple of 4. ∴ 293 156 is not divisible by both 3 and 4.
∴ 64 780 is divisible by 4. (d) ∵ 9 + 0 + 2 + 3 + 7 + 6 = 27, which is a multiple
∵ The units digit of 64 780 is 0. of 3.
∴ 64 780 is divisible by 5. ∴ 902 376 is divisible by 3.
∴ 64 780 is divisible by both 4 and 5. ∵ The last two digits of 902 376 are 76, and 76
(c) ∵ The last two digits of 135 200 are 00. is a multiple of 4.
∴ 135 200 is divisible by 4. ∴ 902 376 is divisible by 4.
∵ The units digit of 135 200 is 0. ∴ 902 376 is divisible by both 3 and 4.
∴ 135 200 is divisible by 5.
∴ 135 200 is divisible by both 4 and 5. 11. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 168 612 are 12, and 12 is

(d) ∵ The last two digits of 406 275 are 75, and 75 is a multiple of 4.
∴ 168 612 is divisible by 4.
not a multiple of 4.
∴ 406 275 is not divisible by 4. ∵ 1 + 6 + 8 + 6 + 1 + 2 = 24, which is a multiple

∴ 406 275 is not divisible by both 4 and 5. of 3.

∴ 168 612 is divisible by 3.

9. (a) ∵ The units digit of 196 680 is 0. ∵ 168 612 is an even number.

∴ 196 680 is divisible by 5. ∴ 168 612 is divisible by 6.

∵ The last three digits of 196 680 are 680, and ∴ 168 612 is divisible by both 4 and 6.
680 is a multiple of 8. (b) ∵ 2 + 4 + 3 + 5 + 4 + 8 = 26, which is not a
∴ 196 680 is divisible by 8. multiple of 3.
∴ 196 680 is divisible by both 5 and 8. ∴ 243 548 is not divisible by 3.

(b) ∵ The units digit of 481 760 is 0. ∴ 243 548 is not divisible by 6.

∴ 481 760 is divisible by 5. ∴ 243 548 is not divisible by both 4 and 6.

∵ The last three digits of 481 760 are 760, and (c) ∵ The last two digits of 493 224 are 24, and 24 is
760 is a multiple of 8. a multiple of 4.
∴ 481 760 is divisible by 8. ∴ 493 224 is divisible by 4.

∴ 481 760 is divisible by both 5 and 8. ∵ 4 + 9 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 4 = 24, which is a multiple

(c) ∵ The last three digits of 645 340 are 340, and of 3.
∴ 493 224 is divisible by 3.
340 is not a multiple of 8.
∴ 645 340 is not divisible by 8. ∵ 493 224 is an even number.

∴ 645 340 is not divisible by both 5 and 8. ∴ 493 224 is divisible by 6.

(d) ∵ The last three digits of 973 500 are 500, and ∴ 493 224 is divisible by both 4 and 6.
500 is not a multiple of 8. (d) ∵ The last two digits of 752 962 are 62, which is
∴ 973 500 is not divisible by 8. not a multiple of 4.
∴ 973 500 is not divisible by both 5 and 8. ∴ 752 962 is not divisible by 4.
∴ 752 962 is not divisible by both 4 and 6.
10. (a) ∵ 5 + 1 + 6 + 8 + 4 = 24, which is a multiple of 3.
∴ 51 684 is divisible by 3. 12. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 25 416 are 16, and 16 is

∵ The last two digits of 51 684 are 84, and 84 is a a multiple of 4.

∴ 25 416 is divisible by 4.
multiple of 4.
∴ 51 684 is divisible by 4. ∵ 2 + 5 + 4 + 1 + 6 = 18, which is a multiple of 9.

∴ 51 684 is divisible by both 3 and 4. ∴ 25 416 is divisible by 9.

(b) ∵ 7 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 15, which is a multiple of 3. ∴ 25 416 is divisible by both 4 and 9.

∴ 71 232 is divisible by 3. (b) ∵ The last two digits of 70 362 are 62, and 62 is

∵ The last two digits of 71 232 are 32, and 32 not a multiple of 4.
∴ 70 362 is not divisible by 4.
is a multiple of 4.
∴ 71 232 is divisible by 4. ∴ 70 362 is not divisible by both 4 and 9.

∴ 71 232 is divisible by both 3 and 4. (c) ∵ The last two digits of 690 732 are 32, and 32 is

(c) ∵ 2 + 9 + 3 + 1 + 5 + 6 = 26, which is not a a multiple of 4.

∴ 690 732 is divisible by 4.
multiple of 3.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

∵ 6 + 9 + 0 + 7 + 3 + 2 = 27, which is a multiple ∴ The possible 4-digit numbers that are divisible by
of 9. both 4 and 6 are 3504, 3540, 5304 and 5340. (any
∴ 690 732 is divisible by 9. two)
∴ 690 732 is divisible by both 4 and 9.
(d) ∵ The last two digits of 415 800 are 00. 17. If the 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are divisible
by 8, the last three digits must be a multiple of 8.
∴ 415 800 is divisible by 4.
∴ The last three digits should be 128, 712, 728 and 872.
∵ 4 + 1 + 5 + 8 + 0 + 0 = 18, which is a multiple
∵ 1 + 2 + 7 + 8 = 18, which is a multiple of 9.
of 9.
∴ Any 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
∴ 415 800 is divisible by 9.
divisible by 9.
∴ 415 800 is divisible by both 4 and 9.
∴ The possible 4-digit numbers that are divisible by
both 8 and 9 are 1728, 1872, 7128 and 8712. (any
13. (a) ∵ The last three digits of 17 208 are 208, and 208
three)
is a multiple of 8.
∴ 17 208 is divisible by 8.
18. ∵ 8 + 0 + 1 + 3 = 12, which is a multiple of 3.
∵ 1 + 7 + 2 + 0 + 8 = 18, which is a multiple of 9.
∴ 8013 is divisible by 3.
∴ 17 208 is divisible by 9.
∵ 8013 is an odd number.
∴ 17 208 is divisible by both 8 and 9.
∴ 8013 is not divisible by 2.
(b) ∵ The last three digits of 35 460 are 460, and 460
∴ 8013 is not divisible by 6.
is not a multiple of 8.
The next integer of 8013 that is divisible by 3 is 8016 (=
∴ 35 460 is not divisible by 8.
8013 + 3).
∴ 35 460 is not divisible by both 8 and 9. ∵ 8016 is an even number.
(c) ∵ 9 + 3 + 6 + 4 + 0 + 0 = 22, which is not a ∴ 8016 is divisible by 2.
multiple of 9.
∴ 8016 is divisible by 6.
∴ 936 400 is not divisible by 9.
∴ The required number is 3.
∴ 936 400 is not divisible by both 8 and 9.
(d) ∵ The last three digits of 612 000 are 000. 19. ∵ 5 + 2 + 1 = 8, which is not a multiple of 9.
∴ 612 000 is divisible by 8. ∴ 521 is not divisible by 9.
∵ 6 + 1 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 9, which is a multiple If we add 1 to 521, then 522 is divisible by 9.
of 9. The last integer before 522 that is divisible by 9 is
∴ 612 000 is divisible by 9. 513 (= 522 – 9).
∴ 612 000 is divisible by both 8 and 9. ∴ The required number = 521 – 513 = 8

14. If the 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are 20. ∵ Q is divisible by 5.
divisible by 4, the last two digits must be a multiple of 4. ∴ The units digit should be 5 or 0.
∴ The last two digits should be 16, 56 or 96. ∵ Q is divisible by 4.
∴ The possible 4-digit numbers that are divisible by 4 ∴ The units digit must be 0 only and the last two digits
are 1596, 1956, 5196, 5916, 9156 and 9516. (any four) should be 00 or a multiple of 4.
∴ The possible values of the last two digits of Q are
15. ∵ 3 + 3 + 7 + 8 = 21, which is a multiple of 3.
00, 20, 40, 60 and 80.
∴ Any 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
divisible by 3. 21. ∵ Q is divisible by 3.
Among these 4-digit numbers formed, those which are
∴ 9 + 1 + 0 + A + 2 + 3 = 15 + A, and the sum of 15 and
even numbers are also divisible by 6.
A is a multiple of 3.
∴ Three 4-digit numbers formed that are divisible by 6
∴ The possible values of A are 0, 3, 6 and 9.
are 3378, 3738 and 7338.

22. ∵ R is divisible by 8.
16. If the 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
∴ The last three digits ‘B36’ must be a multiple of 8.
divisible by 4, the last two digits must be a multiple of 4.
∴ The last two digits should be 04 and 40. ∵ The possible multiple of 8 are 136, 336, 536, 736 and
∵ 0 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 12, which is a multiple of 3. 936.
∴ The possible values of B are 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9.
∴ Any 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
divisible by 3.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

23. ∵ The last three digits of 43101 208 are 208, which ∴ H.C.F. of 24 and 60 = 22 × 3
is a multiple of 8. = 12
∴ It is divisible by 8 for all values of . Alternative Solution
∴ The claim is agreed. By using short division,
2 24 60
24. If P is divisible by 3, the sum of all digits of P should be a 2 12 30
multiple of 3. 3 6 15
∵ 7 + 7 + 7 = 21 and 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 42, which 2 5
∴ H.C.F. of 24 and 60 = 2 × 2 × 3
are multiples of 7.
∴ Two possible values of P are 777 and 777 777. = 12
(b) 9 = 32
(or other reasonable answers)
27 = 33
81 = 34
25. If T is divisible by 4, the last two digits ‘D4’ must be 00
or a multiple of 4. ∴ H.C.F. of 9, 27 and 81 = 32
∴ The possible multiples of 4 are 04, 24, 44, 64 and 84. =9
∴ The possible values of D are 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. Alternative Solution
By using short division,
If T is divisible by 6, the sum of all digits of T must be a
multiple of 3 and T is an even number. 3 9 27 81
∴ 3 + 5 + 1 + 2 + D + 4 = 15 + D, and the sum of 15 and 3 3 9 27
1 3 9
D is a multiple of 3
∴ The possible values of D are 0, 3, 6 and 9. ∴ H.C.F. of 9, 27 and 81 = 3  3
∴ When D is 0 or 6, T is divisible by both 4 and 6. =9
(c) 30 = 2 × 3 × 5
∴ There are two values of D.
75 = 3 × 52
120 = 23 × 3 × 5
Practice 1.6 (p.1.17)
∴ H.C.F. of 30, 75 and 120 = 3 × 5
1. (a) 2 120
2 60 = 15
2 30 Alternative Solution
3 15 By using short division,
5 3 30 75 120
∴ 120 = 23 × 3 × 5 5 10 25 40
2 5 8
(b) 3 567
∴ H.C.F. of 30, 75 and 120 = 3 × 5
3 189
3 63 = 15
3 21 (d) 300 = 22 × 3 × 52
7 360 = 23 × 32 × 5
∴ 567 = 34 × 7 525 = 3 × 52 × 7
∴ H.C.F. of 300, 360 and 525 = 3 × 5
2. (a) 2 72 = 15
2 36 Alternative Solution
2 18 By using short division,
3 9 3 300 360 525
3 5 100 120 175
∴ 72 = 23 × 32 20 24 35
∴ H.C.F. of 300, 360 and 525 = 3 × 5
2 84
2 42 = 15
3 21
7 2. H.C.F. of A, B and C = 22 × 3
∴ 84 = 22 × 3 × 7 = 12

(b) The common factors in their prime factorizations

Practice 1.8 (p.1.22)
are 2, 22, 3, 3 × 2 and 3 × 22.
1. (a) 18 = 2 × 32
24 = 23 × 3
Practice 1.7 (p.1.19)
∴ L.C.M. of 18 and 24 = 23 × 32
1. (a) 24 = 23 × 3
60 = 22 × 3 × 5 = 72

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

Alternative Solution (c) M × N = 5 × 7 × 2 × 3 × 52 × 72

By using short division, = 2 × 5 × 72 × 3 × 52 × 7
2 18 24 = 490 × 525
3 9 12 ∴ M × N = 490 × 525
3 4
∴ L.C.M. of 18 and 24 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 4 Class Exercise 1.2 (p.1.22)
= 72 1. (a) 2 144
(b) 9 = 32 2 72
81 = 34 2 36
243 = 35 2 18
∴ L.C.M. of 9, 81 and 243 = 35 3 9
= 243 3
Alternative Solution ∴ 144 = 24 × 32
By using short division, (b) 2 630
3 9 81 243 3 315
3 3 27 81 3 105
3 1 9 27 5 35
3 1 3 9 7
1 1 3 ∴ 630 = 2 × 32 × 5 × 7
∴ L.C.M. of 9, 81 and 243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3
= 243 2. (a) 48 = 24 × 3
(c) 15 = 3 × 5 112 = 24 × 7
18 = 2 × 32 ∴ H.C.F. of 48 and 112 = 24
30 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 16
∴ L.C.M. of 15, 18 and 30 = 2 × 32 × 5 Alternative Solution
= 90 By using short division,
Alternative Solution 2 48 112
By using short division, 2 24 56
3 15 18 30 2 12 28
5 5 6 10 2 6 14
2 1 6 2 3 7
1 3 1 ∴ H.C.F. of 48 and 112 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
∴ L.C.M. of 15, 18 and 30 = 3 × 5 × 2 × 3 = 16
= 90 (b) 25 = 52
(d) 45 = 32 × 5 125 = 53
252 = 22 × 32 × 7 625 = 54
600 = 23 × 3 × 52 ∴ H.C.F. of 25, 125 and 625 = 52 = 25
∴ L.C.M. of 45, 252 and 600 = 23 × 32 × 52 × 7 Alternative Solution
By using short division,
= 12 600
5 25 125 625
Alternative Solution
5 5 25 125
By using short division,
1 5 25
3 45 252 600
∴ H.C.F. of 25, 125 and 625 = 5 × 5
3 15 84 200
5 5 28 200 = 25
(c) 30 = 2 × 3 × 5
2 1 28 40
105 = 3 × 5 × 7
2 1 14 20
405 = 34 × 5
1 7 10
∴ H.C.F. of 30, 105 and 405 = 3 × 5
∴ L.C.M. of 45, 252 and 600
= 15
= 3 × 3 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 10
Alternative Solution
= 12 600
By using short division,
3 30 105 405
2. (a) 490 = 2 × 5 × 72
5 10 35 135
525 = 3 × 52 × 7
2 7 27
(b) M=5×7
∴ H.C.F. of 30, 105 and 405 = 3 × 5
N = 2 × 3 × 52 × 72
= 15

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

(d) 108 = 22 × 33 Alternative Solution

288 = 25 × 32 By using short division,
1620 = 22 ×34 × 5 7 49 154 616
∴ H.C.F. of 108, 288 and 1620 = 22 × 32 = 36 2 7 22 88
Alternative Solution 11 7 11 44
By using short division, 7 1 4
2 108 288 1620 ∴ L.C.M. of 49, 154 and 616 = 7 × 2 × 11 × 7 × 4
2 54 144 810 = 4312
3 27 72 405
3 9 24 135 Exercise 1.2 (p.1.23)
3 8 45 Section Check
∴ H.C.F. of 108, 288 and 1620 (a) ∵ The factors of 51 are 1, 3, 17 and 51.
=2×2×3×3 ∴ 51 is a composite number.
= 36 ∴ The statement is incorrect.
(b) ∵ 16 = 1 × 16
3. (a) 12 = 22 × 3
=2×8
15 = 3 × 5
=4×4
∴ L.C.M. of 12 and 15 = 22 × 3 × 5
∴ The factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16.
= 60
∴ The statement is correct.
Alternative Solution
By using short division, (c) ∵ 2 96
2 48
3 12 15
2 24
4 5
2 12
∴ L.C.M. of 12 and 15 = 3 × 4 × 5
2 6
= 60
3
(b) 5= 51
∴ 96 = 25 × 3
25 = 52
625 = 54 ∴ The statement is incorrect.
∴ L.C.M. of 5, 25 and 625 = 54 (d) 24 = 23 × 3
72 = 23 × 32
= 625
120 = 23 × 3 × 5
Alternative Solution
∴ H.C.F. of 24, 72 and 120 = 23 × 3 = 24
By using short division,
∴ The statement is incorrect.
5 5 25 625
(e) 10 = 2 × 5
5 1 5 125
15 = 3 × 5
1 1 25
45 = 32 × 5
∴ L.C.M. of 5, 25 and 625 = 5 × 5 × 25 ∴ L.C.M. of 10, 15 and 45 = 2 × 32 × 5 = 90
= 625 ∴ The statement is incorrect.
(c) 18 = 2 ×32
24 = 23 × 3 1. (a) 5× 5× 5× 5× 5 = 55
36 = 22 × 32 (b) 2× 2× 3× 5× 5 = 22 × 3 × 52
∴ L.C.M. of 18, 24 and 36 = 23 × 32 (c) 2× 3× 3× 3× 7 × 7 × 7 = 2 × 3 3 × 73
= 72 (d) 2× 2× 2× 3× 3 × 5 × 7 × 7 = 2 3 × 32 × 5 × 72
Alternative Solution
By using short division, 2. (a) ∵ The factors of 17 are 1 and 17.
2 18 24 36 ∴ 17 is a prime number.
3 9 12 18 (b) ∵ The factors of 57 are 1, 3, 19 and 57.
3 3 4 6 ∴ 57 is a composite number.
2 1 4 2 (c) ∵ The factors of 69 are 1, 3, 23 and 69.
1 2 1 ∴ 69 is a composite number.
∴ L.C.M. of 18, 24 and 36 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 2
(d) ∵ The factors of 101 are 1 and 101.
= 72
∴ 101 is a prime number.
(d) 49 = 72
(e) ∵ The factors of 161 are 1, 7, 23 and 161.
154 = 2 × 7 × 11
∴ 161 is a composite number.
616 = 23 × 7 × 11
(f) ∵ The factors of 261 are 1, 3, 9, 29, 87 and 261.
∴ L.C.M. of 49, 154 and 616 = 23 × 72 × 11
∴ 261 is a composite number.
= 4312

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

3. (a) 2 48 (b) 2 56 252

2 24 2 28 126
2 12 7 14 63
2 6 2 9
3 ∴ H.C.F. of 56 and 252 = 2 × 2 × 7
∴ 48 = 24 × 3 = 28
(b) 2 108 (c) 2 42 98
2 54 7 21 49
3 27 3 7
3 9 ∴ H.C.F. of 42 and 98 = 2 × 7
3 = 14
∴ 108 = 22 × 33 (d) 2 84 132
(c) 2 180 2 42 66
2 90 3 21 33
3 45 7 11
3 15 ∴ H.C.F. of 84 and 132 = 2 × 2 × 3
5 = 12
∴ 180 = 22 × 32 × 5
(d) 2 504 8. (a) 9 = 32
2 252 15 = 3 × 5
2 126 ∴ L.C.M. of 9 and 15 = 32 × 5
3 63 = 45
3 21 (b) 24 = 23 × 3
7 36 = 22 × 32
∴ 504 = 23 × 32 × 7 ∴ L.C.M. of 24 and 36 = 23 × 32
= 72
4. (a) 27 = 33 (c) 45 = 32 × 5
(b) The factors of 27 are 1, 3, 32 and 33. 60 = 22 × 3 × 5
∴ L.C.M. of 45 and 60 = 22 × 32 × 5
5. (a) 20 = 22 × 5 = 180
(b) The factors of 20 are 1, 2, 22, 5, 5 × 2 and 5 × 22. (d) 12 = 22 × 3
28 = 22 × 7
6. (a) 27 = 33 ∴ L.C.M. of 12 and 28 = 22 × 3 × 7
117 = 32 × 13 = 84
∴ H.C.F. of 27 and 117 = 32
=9 9. (a) 2 12 18
(b) 36 = 22 × 32 3 6 9
84 = 22 × 3 × 7 2 3
∴ H.C.F. of 36 and 84 = 22 × 3 ∴ L.C.M. of 12 and 18 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 3 = 36
= 12 (b) 7 14 21
(c) 48 = 24 × 3 2 3
120 = 23 × 3 × 5 ∴ L.C.M. of 14 and 21 = 7 × 2 × 3 = 42
∴ H.C.F. of 48 and 120 = 23 × 3
(c) 7 35 42
= 24 5 6
(d) 90 = 2 × 32 × 5
∴ L.C.M. of 35 and 42 = 7 × 5 × 6 = 210
306 = 2 × 32 × 17
(d) 2 24 56
∴ H.C.F. of 90 and 306 = 2 × 32
2 12 28
= 18
2 6 14
3 7
7. (a) 2 32 112
∴ L.C.M. of 24 and 56 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 = 168
2 16 56
2 8 28
2 4 14 10. (a) 30 = 2 × 3 × 5
2 7 35 = 5 × 7
210 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7
∴ H.C.F. of 32 and 112 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
∴ H.C.F. of 30, 35 and 210 = 5
= 16

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

(b) 28 = 22 × 7 16. (a) 108 = 22 × 33

84 = 22 × 3 × 7 126 = 2 × 32 × 7
224 = 25 × 7 (b) H.C.F. of 108 and 126 = 2 × 32 = 18
∴ H.C.F. of 28, 84 and 224 = 22 × 7 L.C.M. of 108 and 126 = 22 × 33 × 7 = 756
(c) 24 = 23 × 3 ∴ M and N are 18 and 756 respectively and 756 is
104 = 23 × 13 divisible by 18.
288 = 25 × 32 ∴ N is divisible by M.
∴ H.C.F. of 24, 104 and 288 = 23 ∴ The claim is agreed.
(d) 36 = 22 × 32
144 = 24 × 32 17. A must not be smaller than the H.C.F. of A and B.
378 = 2 × 33 × 7 ∴ The smallest possible value of A is 23 × 32 × 5.
∴ H.C.F. of 36, 144 and 378 = 2 × 32
18. (a) 16 = 24
11. (a) 22
12 = × 3 10 = 2 × 5
35 = 5 × 7 ∴ H.C.F. of 16 and 10 = 2
45 = 32 × 5 ∴ The greatest length of side of each square tile
∴ L.C.M. of 12, 35 and 45 = 22 × 32 × 5 × 7 is 2 m.
(b) 18 = 2 × 32 (b) Least number of square tiles used to cover the
27 = 33 whole floor
63 = 32 × 7 = (16  2) × (10  2)
∴ L.C.M. of 18, 27 and 63 = 2 × 33 × 7 =8×5
(c) 36 = 22 × 32 = 40
51 = 3 × 17
120 = 23 × 3 × 5 19. 300 = 22 × 3 × 52
∴ L.C.M. of 36, 51 and 120 = 23 × 32 × 5 × 17 210 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7
∴ H.C.F. of 300 and 210 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
(d) 350 = 2 × 52 × 7
490 = 2 × 5 × 72 ∴ The greatest length of side of each square tile is 30 cm.
539 = 72 × 11 ∴ Least number of square tiles used to cover the whole
∴ L.C.M. of 350, 490 and 539 = 2 × 52 × 72 × 11 floor
= (300  30) × (210  30)
12. (a) 288 = 25 × 32 = 10 × 7
336 = 24 × 3 × 7 = 70 < 80
∴ The claim is disagreed.
(b) ∴ H.C.F. of 288 and 336 is 24 × 3.
∴ The common factors of 288 and 336 are
20. 6=2×3
1, 2, 22, 23, 24, 3, 3 × 2, 3 × 22, 3 × 23, 3 × 24.
10 = 2 × 5
15 = 3 × 5
13. (a) 252 = 22 × 32 × 7 ∴ L.C.M. of 6, 10 and 15 = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
360 = 23 × 32 × 5
∴ After 30 minutes, i.e. 2:00 p.m., they will meet again
(b) ∴ H.C.F. of 252 and 360 is 22 × 32.
at the starting point.
∴ The common factors of 252 and 360 are
1, 2, 22, 3, 32, 3 × 2, 3 × 22, 32 × 2, 32 ×22. 21. 20 = 22 × 5
12 = 22 × 3
14. (a) 120 = 23 × 3 × 5 ∴ L.C.M. of 20, 5 and 12 = 22 × 3 × 5 = 60
364 = 22 × 7 × 13 ∴ Least number of rectangular blocks used to form a cube
630 = 2 × 32 × 5 × 7
= (60  20) × (60  5) × (60  12)
(b) H.C.F. of 120, 364 and 630 = 2
= 3 × 12 × 5
L.C.M. of 120, 364 and 630 = 23 × 32 × 5 × 7 × 13
= 180

15. (a) 588 = 22 × 3 × 72

Practice 1.9 (p.1.28)
882 = 2 × 32 × 72
1. [(7 + 13)  (8 – 3) + 12] × 4
1372 = 22 × 73
= (20  5 + 12) × 4
(b) H.C.F. of 588, 882 and 1372 = 2 × 72
= (4 + 12) × 4
L.C.M. of 588, 882 and 1372 = 22 × 32 × 73
= 16 × 4
= 64

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

2. [(15 – 9) × 4 – 5 × 3] × 8 5 3  1 5
4. 1 ×  1  1 
= (6 × 4 – 15) × 8 9 7  2 6
= (24 – 15) × 8 14 3  3 11 
=9×8 = ×   
9 7 2 6 
= 72
2  9 11 
=   
3 6 6 
3. [36 × 5  (5 + 7) + 30]  (9  3)
2 20
= (180  12 + 30)  3 = 
3 6
= (15 + 30)  3 2 6
= 45  3 = ×
3 20
= 15 1
=
5
4. {26 – [4 × 7 – (5 + 3)]} × (15 – 9)
= [26 – (28 – 8)] × 6 5 1  4 3
= (26 – 20) × 6 5. 2 + 4   5 1 
9 6  5 10 
=6×6
5 1  29 13 
= 36 =2 +4   
9 6  5 10 
5 1  58 13 
Practice 1.10 (p.1.32) =2 +4   
9 6  10 10 
7 1 3
1. 6 –3 ×1 5 1 45
10 2 5 =2 +4 
9 6 10
7 7 8
=6 – × 5 25 10
10 2 5 =2 + ×
9 6 45
7 28 5 25
=6 – =2 +
10 5 9 27
67 56 23 25
= – = +
10 10 9 27
11 1 69 25
= or 1 = +
10 10 27 27
94 13
= or 3
27 27
1 3 5
2. 2  +1
2 4 6
 7 2 5 17  1
=
5 4
× +1
5 6. 1  1   2  3   2
2 3 6  8 3  8 32  4

10 11  15 5  5 17  1
= + =     2  3   2
3 6  8 3  8 32  4
20 11  45 40  5 17  1
= + =    2  3   2
6 6  24 24  8 32  4
31 1  5 21 17  1
= or 5 =  3   2
6 6  24 8 32  4
 35 17  1
= 3   2
4 1 2  64 32  4
3. 1 ×3 2
5 3 5  35 113  1
=   2
=
9 10
× 2
2  64 32  4
5 3 5  35 226  1
=   2
=6
12  64 64  4
5 261 9
= 
5 64 4
=6×
12 261 4
= ×
5 1 64 9
= or 2 29 13
2 2 = or 1
16 16

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

Practice 1.11 (p.1.34) 5 2 1

2. (a) 5 –1 × 1
1. (3.6 × 1.5) – (8.4 – 6.3) 6 3 2
= 5.4 – 2.1 5 5 3
=5 – ×
= 3.3 6 3 2
5 5
=5 –
2. (10.5  3.5 + 2.4) × (1.6 + 0.9) 6 2
= (3 + 2.4) × 2.5 35 15
= –
= 5.4 × 2.5 6 6
= 13.5 20
=
6
10 1
3. 5.6  (8.7 – 2 × 2.6) = or 3
3 3
= 5.6  (8.7 – 5.2)
= 5.6  3.5  1 3  1 5
(b) 3 1  × 5  2 
= 1.6  4 8   2 6
 26 11   33 17 
=   ×   
4. 15 – [(8.6 – 1.8) × 1.5 + 4.5]  8 8  6 6
= 15 – (6.8 × 1.5 + 4.5) =
37 16
×
= 15 – (10.2 + 4.5) 8 6
= 15 – 14.7 37 1
= or 12
= 0.3 3 3
3  3 7 4
(c) 6  1   + 2
5. (13 – 9.6) × {5.7  [2.7 × 2 – (1.1 + 2.4)]} 4  4 10  7
= 3.4 × [5.7  (5.4 – 3.5)] 3  35 14  4
=6   +2
= 3.4 × (5.7  1.9) 4  20 20  7
= 3.4 × 3 27 21 4
=  +2
= 10.2 4 20 7
27 20 4
= × +2
6. (18.3 – 5.8)  (1.2 × 3 – 3.85  3.5) – 0.6 4 21 7
= 12.5  (3.6 – 1.1) – 0.6 45 18
= +
= 12.5  2.5 – 0.6 7 7
63
= 5 – 0.6 =
7
= 4.4
=9
 1 2 1  5 1
Class Exercise 1.3 (p.1.34) (d)  4  2  5    2 1 
 6 5 2  8 2
1. (a) 12 × 6  [(23 + 17)  (33 – 28)]
 25 12 1   21 3 
= 72  (40  5) =  5   
 6 5 2  8 2
= 72  8
 1   21 2 
=9 = 10  5     
(b) (37 + 25 – 13 × 2)  [8 × 4 – (54  6 – 2) × 2]  2  8 3
= (37 + 25 – 26)  [32 – (9 – 2) × 2] 1 7
=4 
= 36  (32 – 7 × 2) 2 4
9 4
= 36  (32 – 14) = ×
2 7
= 36  18
18 4
=2 = or 2
7 7
(c) [(91 – 45)  2 + 3 × 42 + 1]  30
= (46  2 + 126 + 1)  30
3. (a) 11.9  7 + 2.1 × 3
= (23 + 126 + 1)  30 = 1.7 + 6.3
= 150  30 =8
=5 (b) (0.8 × 5.5 – 3.1) × (6.4 + 1.8)
(d) {14 – [39  (42 – 39) – 64  8]} × 25 = (4.4 – 3.1) × 8.2
= [14 – (39  3 – 8)] × 25 = 1.3 × 8.2
= 10.66
= [14 – (13 – 8)] × 25
(c) (7.2 × 1.5 – 3 × 2.6) – (5.2 – 3.3)
= (14 – 5) × 25
= (10.8 – 7.8) – 1.9
= 9 × 25 = 3 – 1.9
= 225 = 1.1

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

(d) (2.2 – 1.7) × [4.8  (5.6 – 4)]  1.2 49 4

9. =9
= 0.5 × (4.8  1.6)  1.2 5 5
= 0.5 × 3  1.2
= 1.25 75 3
10. =9
8 8
Exercise 1.3 (p.1.35)
32 2
Section Check 11. =
48 3
(a) ‘3 times 4’ means ‘3 × 4’.
∴ The statement is incorrect.
51 3
(b) When there are brackets in an expression, perform the 12. =
68 4
operations in brackets first. When there are addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division, perform 66 33 1
multiplication and division first. 13. = or 4
16 8 8
∴ The statement is correct.
5 14. 16 × 3  (4 + 8)
(c) Since the numerator and the denominator of are the
5 = 48  12
same, it is an improper fraction. =4
∴ The statement is incorrect.
 1 1 1 = 5 2 1 15. [64 – (5 + 4) × 6] × 2
(d) 1       = (64 – 9 × 6) × 2
 4 2 2 4 4 2
= (64 – 54) × 2
= 71
4 2 = 10 × 2
7 = 20
=
8
∴ The result of the expression is incorrect.
16. 96  (14 × 3 – 2 × 15)
1. (a) 8 + 7 = 15 = 96  (42 – 30)
(b) 3 + 15 = 18 = 96  12
=8
2. (a) 24 – 16 = 8
(b) 18 – 9 = 9 17. 128  [(38 + 26)  (53 – 37)]
= 128  (64  16)
3. (a) 15 × 3 = 45 = 128  4
(b) 7 × 8 = 56 = 32

4. (a) 36  4 = 9 1 2 1
18. 3 ×1 + 2
(b) 42  6 = 7 3 5 2
10 7 1
= × +2
3 55  3 3 5 2
5. 5 = 14 5
5 5 = +
28 3 2
= 28 15
5 = +
6 6
1 8 4 1 43 1
6. 4 = = or 7
8 8 6 6
33
=
8 1 1  1 7 
19. 1 × 2  
2 4  5 10 
7 12  2  7 1 5  11 7 
7. 2 = =  ×  
12 12 2 4  5 10 
31
= 1 4  22 7 
12 = × ×  
2 5  10 10 
25 1 2 15
8. = 12 = ×
2 2 5 10
3
=
5

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

5 2  1 3 28. (a) 7 × 6 – 16 = 26
20. 8 – × 1  
6 3  2 4 (b) 9 × (2 + 4) = 54
5 2 3 3
=8 – ×   29. (a) 32  4 + 18 = 26
6 3 2 4
(b) 72  (4 × 6) = 3
5 2 6 3
=8 – ×  
6 3 4 4
30. 5 + 7 × 21 – 4  2
5 2 9 = 5 + 147 – 2
=8 – ×
6 3 4 = 150
53 3
= –
6 2
31. 32 – (6 × 3 + 16  4)  2
53 9
= – = 32 – (18 + 4)  2
6 6
= 32 – 22  2
44
= = 32 – 11
6
= 21
22 1
= or 7
3 3
32. [(91 – 23)  (1 + 15  5) – 6] × 3
= [68  (1 + 3) – 6] × 3
1  1 5 3 = (68  4 – 6) × 3
21. 6   4  1   4 
4  3 6 4 = (17 – 6) × 3
1  26 11  3 = 11 × 3
=6    4 
4  6 6 4 = 33
1  15 19 
=6    33. {[152 – (48 – 29) – 78] × 6 – 30}  2
4  6 4
= [(152 – 19 – 78) × 6 – 30]  2
1  15 4 
=6    = (55 × 6 – 30)  2
4  6 19 
= (330 – 30)  2
25 10
=  = 300  2
4 19
= 150
25 19
= ×
4 10
1 3 1 2 1
=
95
or 11
7 34. 1  –   2 
8 8 2 4  16 3 4
3 4  1 2 9
= × –   
22. (12.8 – 6.2) × (5.1  1.7) 2 3  16 3 4 
= 6.6 × 3  1 3
= 2 –  
= 19.8  16 2
 1 24 
23. 5.7  [(1.2 + 2.7)  1.3] = 2 –  
 16 16 
= 5.7  (3.9  1.3) 25
= 5.7  3 =2–
16
= 1.9 7
=
16
24. (1.6 × 3.5 – 2.9) × 1.1
= (5.6 – 2.9) × 1.1 2 4 1  5 2
= 2.7 × 1.1 35. 2 –   ×  
5  5 12   6 3 
= 2.97
2  48 5   5 4 
=2 –  ×  
5  60 60   6 6 
25. (4.6 + 3.8)  (6.3  1.8)
2 43 9
= 8.4  3.5 =2 – ×
5 60 6
= 2.4
12 43
= –
26. (a) (8 + 13) + 5 = 26 5 40
96 43
(b) (16 + 2) × 3 = 54 = –
40 40
53 13
27. (a) 8 × 9 – 6 = 66 = or 1
40 40
(b) (20 – 5)  5 = 3

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

 3  3 2   3 1  4   3
36. 1   2  1   ×    42.   0.3  × 6 – 1.25    4
 8  4 3   5 2   5   4

 3  11 5   6 5 = (0.8 – 0.3) × 6 – (1.25 + 0.75)  4

= 1     ×    = 0.5 × 6 – 2  4
 8  4 3   10 10 
= 3 – 0.5
 3  33 20   11
= 1      × = 2.5
 8  12 12   10
 11 13  11  2 2
=   × 43.  7  1.75  2  × 2.5 – 1 × 0.5
 8 12  10  3 3

 66 52  11  2 1 5 1
=   × = 4  2  × 2 – ×
 48 48  10  3 2 3 2
4 5 5
14 11 = × –
= × 3 2 6
48 10
10 5
77 = –
= 3 6
240
20 5
= –
6 6
 1 1  1 7 5 15
37.  3  2  × 1   + 1 =
 3 4   2 8  12 6
5 1
 10 9   3 7  5 = or 2
=    ×    +1 2 2
 3 4   2 8  12
 40 27   12 7  5 Revision Exercise 1 (p.1.38)
=    ×    +1
 12 12   8 8  12 1. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 1972 are 72, and 72 is
13 5 5 a multiple of 4.
= × +1
12 8 12 ∴ 1972 is divisible by 4.
65 17 (b) ∵ The last two digits of 24 800 are 00.
= +
96 12 ∴ 24 800 is divisible by 4.
65 136
= + (c) ∵ The last two digits of 65 166 are 66, and 66 is
96 96
201 not a multiple of 4.
= ∴ 65 166 is not divisible by 4.
96
67 3
= or 2
32 32 2. (a) ∵ The last three digits of 2140 are 140, and 140
is not a multiple of 8.
38. (5.6 – 3.3) × (1.7 + 2.8) – 4.1 ∴ 2140 is not divisible by 8.
= 2.3 × 4.5 – 4.1 (b) ∵ The last three digits of 4376 are 376, and 376
= 10.35 – 4.1 is a multiple of 8.
= 6.25 ∴ 4376 is divisible by 8.
(c) ∵ The last three digits of 73 504 are 504, and 504
39. (1.7 – 0.8) × (1.5 – 0.7)  (1.8  5)
is a multiple of 8.
= 0.9 × 0.8  0.36
∴ 73 504 is divisible by 8.
= 0.72  0.36
=2
3. (a) ∵ 2 + 1 + 0 + 6 = 9, which is a multiple of 3.

40. (2.1 × 2.1 – 1.3 × 1.7) × (3.6 – 1.5) ∴ 2106 is divisible by 3.

= (4.41 – 2.21) × 2.1 ∵ 2106 is an even number.
= 2.2 × 2.1 ∴ 2106 is divisible by 6.
= 4.62 (b) ∵ 7485 is an odd number.
∴ 7485 is not divisible by 6.
41. [15 – (5.4  1.8 – 1.75)] × (3.2  1.6) (c) ∵ 5 + 3 + 2 + 0 + 8 = 18, which is a multiple of 3.
= [15 – (3 – 1.75)] × 2
∴ 53 208 is divisible by 3.
= (15 – 1.25) × 2
∵ 53 208 is an even number.
= 13.75 × 2
= 27.5 ∴ 53 208 is divisible by 6.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

4. (a) ∵ 3 + 9 + 3 + 3 = 18, which is a multiple of 9. (c) 9 × 12 = 108

∴ 3933 is divisible by 9. (d) 63  21 = 3
(b) ∵ 3 + 5 + 2 + 8 + 3 = 21, which is not a multiple
of 9. 3 75 3
10. (a) 5 =
∴ 35 283 is not divisible by 9. 7 7

(c) ∵ 4 + 3 + 1 + 8 + 2 = 18, which is a multiple of 9. 38

=
7
∴ 43 182 is divisible by 9.
5 9 4  5
(b) 4 =
5. (a) 2× 2× 2× 2× 2×2= 26 9 9
(b) 2× 3× 3× 5× 5 = 2 × 32 × 52 41
=
(c) 3× 3× 5× 7× 11 × 11 = 32 × 5 × 7 × 112 9
(d) a× a× a× b× b × b = a3 × b3
35 3
11. (a) =8
6. (a) 48 = 24 × 3 4 4
(b) 54 = 2 × 33
128 8
(c) 450 = 2 × 32 × 52 (b) =8
15 15
(d) 924 = 22 × 3 × 7 × 11

7. (a) 36 = 22 × 32 32 4
12. (a) =
90 = 2 × 32 × 5 72 9
∴ H.C.F. of 36 and 90 = 2 × 32 60 10 3
(b) = or 1
= 18 42 7 7
(b) 24 = 23 × 3
72 = 23 × 32 13. (a) (54 – 28) × (43 – 37)
∴ H.C.F. of 24 and 72 = 23 × 3 = 26 × 6
= 24 = 156
(c) 27 = 33 (b) 288  6  (41 – 35)
108 = 22 × 33 = 48  6
∴ H.C.F. of 27 and 108 = 33 =8
= 27 (c) 64  [19 – (17 – 7 × 2)]
(d) 42 = 2 × 3 × 7 = 64  [19 – (17 – 14)]
154 = 2 × 7 × 11 = 64  (19 – 3)
∴ H.C.F. of 42 and 154 = 2 × 7 = 64  16
= 14 =4
(d) (135 + 138)  13 + 57 × 3
8. (a) 18 = 2 × 32 = 273  13 + 171
27 = 33 = 21 + 171
∴ L.C.M. of 18 and 27 = 2 × 33 = 192
= 54
(b) 24 = 23 × 3 1 2 3
14. (a) 4 +2 ×
40 = 23 × 5 6 5 4
∴ L.C.M. of 24 and 40 = 23 × 3 × 5 1 12 3
=4 + ×
= 120 6 5 4
(c) 30 = 2 × 3 × 5 25 9
75 = 3 × 52 = +
6 5
∴ L.C.M. of 30 and 75 = 2 × 3 × 52
125 54
= 150 = +
30 30
(d) 42 = 2 × 3 × 7
179 29
70 = 2 × 5 × 7 = or 5
30 30
∴ L.C.M. of 42 and 70 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 7
 1 3 5 1
= 210 (b) 4  2  × 
 8 4 6 2
9. (a) 15 + 10 = 25  33 22  5
=  × 2
(b) 34 – 27 = 7  8 8  6

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

11 5 ∵ The last two digits of 40 812 are 12, and 12 is

= × ×2
8 6 a multiple of 4.
55 7 ∴ 40 812 is divisible by 4.
= or 2
24 24 ∴ 40 812 is divisible by both 3 and 4.
5 2 3 1 (c) ∵ 6 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 5 + 1 = 19, which is not a
(c) 5 × +6 4
6 5 4 2 multiple of 3.
35 2 27 9 ∴ 641 251 is not divisible by 3.
= × + 
6 5 4 2 ∴ 641 251 is not divisible by both 3 and 4.
7 27 2 (d) ∵ 9 + 0 + 3 + 5 + 0 + 4 = 21, which is a multiple
= + ×
3 4 9 of 3.
7 3 ∴ 903 504 is divisible by 3.
= +
3 2 ∵ The last two digits of 903 504 are 04, and 4 is
14 9 a multiple of 4.
= +
6 6 ∴ 903 504 is divisible by 4.
23 5 ∴ 903 504 is divisible by both 3 and 4.
= or 3
6 6

 1 1 1 1 17. (a) ∵ 1 + 8 + 0 + 4 + 8 = 21, which is a multiple of 3.

(d) 2 5  4   6
 3 4 2 5 ∴ 18 048 is divisible by 3.
 7 21 9  1 ∵ 18 048 is an even number.
=   6
3 4 2 5 ∴ 18 048 is divisible by 6.
 49 18  31 ∵ The last three digits of 18 048 are 048, and 48
=  
 4 4 5 is a multiple of 8.
31 5 ∴ 18 048 is divisible by 8.
= ×
4 31 ∴ 18 048 is divisible by both 6 and 8.
5 1 (b) ∵ 3 + 4 + 7 + 5 + 2 = 21, which is a multiple of 3.
= or 1
4 4 ∴ 34 752 is divisible by 3.
∵ 34 752 is an even number.
15. (a) 5.44  1.6 + 4.6 – 2.8 ∴ 34 752 is divisible by 6.
= 3.4 + 4.6 – 2.8 ∵ The last three digits of 34 752 are 752, and 752
= 5.2 is a multiple of 8.
(b) 11.5  (2.1 × 2 – 1.9) ∴ 34 752 is divisible by 8.
= 11.5  (4.2 – 1.9) ∴ 34 752 is divisible by both 6 and 8.
= 11.5  2.3 (c) ∵ 4 + 3 + 2 + 0 + 2 + 4 = 15, which is a multiple
=5
of 3.
(c) (4.3 + 5.3)  1.6 – 1.4 × 2.6
∴ 432 024 is divisible by 3.
= 9.6  1.6 – 3.64
∵ 432 024 is an even number.
= 6 – 3.64
∴ 432 024 is divisible by 6.
= 2.36
∵ The last three digits of 432 024 are 024, and 24
(d) [6.8  (2.4  1.5) + 3.2] × 1.8
= (6.8  1.6 + 3.2) × 1.8 is a multiple of 8.
= (4.25 + 3.2) × 1.8 ∴ 432 024 is divisible by 8.
= 7.45 × 1.8 ∴ 432 024 is divisible by both 6 and 8.
= 13.41 (d) ∵ 7 + 6 + 1 + 5 + 2 + 0 = 21, which is a multiple
of 3.
16. (a) ∵ 1 + 5 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 12, which is a multiple of 3. ∴ 761 520 is divisible by 3.
∴ 15 420 is divisible by 3. ∵ 761 520 is an even number.
∵ The last two digits of 15 420 are 20, and 20 is ∴ 761 520 is divisible by 6.
a multiple of 4. ∵ The last three digits of 761 520 are 520, and
∴ 15 420 is divisible by 4. 520 is a multiple of 8.
∴ 15 420 is divisible by both 3 and 4. ∴ 761 520 is divisible by 8.
(b) ∵ 4 + 0 + 8 + 1 + 2 = 15, which is a multiple of 3. ∴ 761 520 is divisible by both 6 and 8.
∴ 40 812 is divisible by 3.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

18. (a) ∵ The last two digits of 101 550 are 50, and 50 is ∴ 606 780 is divisible by 9.
not a multiple of 4. ∴ 606 780 is divisible by 2, 3 and 9.
∴ 101 550 is not divisible by 4.
∴ 101 550 is not divisible by both 4 and 6. 20. ∵ 1 + 3 + 5 + 6 = 15, which is a multiple of 3.
(b) ∵ The last two digits of 180 630 are 30, and 30 is ∴ Any 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
not a multiple of 4. divisible by 3.
∴ 180 630 is not divisible by 4. If the 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are divisible
∴ 180 630 is not divisible by both 4 and 6. by 4, the last two digits must be a multiple of 4.
(c) ∵ The last two digits of 317 016 are 16, and 16 is ∴ The last two digits should be 16, 36 or 56.
a multiple of 4. ∴ The possible 4-digit numbers that are divisible by
∴ 317 016 is divisible by 4. both 3 and 4 are 1356, 1536, 3156, 3516, 5136 and
∵ 3 + 1 + 7 + 0 + 1 + 6 = 18, which is a multiple 5316. (any three)

of 3.
21. ∵ 0 + 1 + 8 + 9 = 18, which is a multiple of 3 and 9.
∴ 317 016 is divisible by 3.
∴ Any 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are
∵ 317 016 is an even number.
divisible by 3 and 9.
∴ 317 016 is divisible by 6.
If the 4-digit numbers formed by these digits are divisible
∴ 317 016 is divisible by both 4 and 6.
by 6, the numbers must be even numbers.
(d) ∵ 5 + 9 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 0 = 25, which is not a ∴ The last digits of the numbers should be 0 or 8.
multiple of 3.
∴ The possible 4-digit numbers that are divisible by
∴ 592 360 is not divisible by 3.
both 6 and 9 are 1098, 1890, 1908, 1980, 8190, 8910,
∴ 592 360 is not divisible by 6. 9018, 9108, 9180 and 9810. (any four)
∴ 592 360 is not divisible by both 4 and 6.
22. The last three digits of 6772 are 772, and 772 is not a
19. (a) ∵ 156 240 is an even number. multiple of 8.
∴ 156 240 is divisible by 2. The next integer of 772 that is divisible by 8 is 776
∵ 1 + 5 + 6 + 2 + 4 + 0 = 18, which is a multiple (= 772 + 4).
of 3. ∴ 6776 is divisible by 8.
∴ 156 240 is divisible by 3. ∴ The required number is 4.
∵ 1 + 5 + 6 + 2 + 4 + 0 = 18, which is a multiple
of 9. 23. ∵ 7 + 9 + 1 + 8 = 25, which is not a multiple of 9.
∴ 156 240 is divisible by 9. ∴ 7918 is not divisible by 9.
∴ 156 240 is divisible by 2, 3 and 9. If we add 2 to 7918, then 7920 is divisible by 9.
The last integer before 7920 that is divisible by 9 is
(b) ∵ 274 014 is an even number.
7911 (= 7920 – 9).
∴ 274 014 is divisible by 2.
∴ The required number = 7918 – 7911 = 7
∵ 2 + 7 + 4 + 0 + 1 + 4 = 18, which is a multiple
of 3.
24. ∵ The last two digits of 473 515 are 15, and 15 is not a
∴ 274 014 is divisible by 3.
multiple of 4.
∵ 2 + 7 + 4 + 0 + 1 + 4 = 18, which is a multiple
∴ 473 515 is not divisible by 4.
of 9.
The next integer of 473 515 which is divisible by 4 is
∴ 274 014 is divisible by 9.
473 516.
∴ 274 014 is divisible by 2, 3 and 9. ∵ 4 + 7 + 3 + 5 + 1 + 6 = 26, which is not a multiple of
(c) ∵ 528 741 is an odd number. 3.
∴ 528 741 is not divisible by 2. ∴ 473 516 is not divisible by 3.
∴ 528 741 is not divisible by 2, 3 and 9. The next integer of 473 516 which is divisible by 4 is
(d) ∵ 606 780 is an even number. 473 520.
∴ 606 780 is divisible by 2. ∵ 4 + 7 + 3 + 5 + 2 + 0 = 21, which is a multiple of 3.
∵ 6 + 0 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 0 = 27, which is a multiple ∴ 473 520 is divisible by 3.
of 3. ∵ 473 520 is an even number.
∴ 606 780 is divisible by 3. ∴ 473 520 is divisible by both 4 and 6.
∵ 6 + 0 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 0 = 27, which is a multiple ∴ The required number = 473 520 – 473 515 = 5
of 9.

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

25. ∵ The units digit of 614 736 is 6. (c) 36 = 22 × 32

∴ 614 736 is not divisible by 5. 207 = 32 × 23
The last integer before 614 736 that is divisible by 5 is 333 = 32 × 37
614 735, but it is an odd number and it is not divisible by ∴ H.C.F. of 36, 207 and 333 = 32
2. =9
The last integer before 614 735 that is divisible by 5 is Alternative Solution
614 730. By using short division,
∵ 6 + 1 + 4 + 7 + 3 + 0 = 21, which is a multiple of 3. 3 36 207 333
∴ 614 730 is divisible by 3. 3 12 69 111
4 23 37
∵ 614 730 is an even number.
∴ H.C.F. of 36, 207 and 333 = 3 × 3
∴ 614 730 is divisible by 2, 5 and 6.
=9
∴ The required number = 614 736 – 614 730 = 6
(d) 70 = 2 × 5 × 7
322 = 2 × 7 × 23
26. ∵ P is divisible by 4 and 5. 658 = 2 × 7 × 47
∴ The units digit of P must be 0. ∴ H.C.F. of 70 , 322 and 658 = 2 × 7
∴ P is also divisible by 10. = 14
∴ The claim is agreed. Alternative Solution
By using short division,
27. ∵ Q is divisible by 6. 2 70 322 658
∴ Q is an even number. 7 35 161 329
∵ Q is not divisible by 10. 5 23 47
∴ H.C.F. of 70 , 322 and 658 = 2 × 7
∴ The units digit of Q must not be 0.
= 14
∴ The possible values of the last digit of Q are 2, 4, 6
and 8.
29. (a) 14 = 2 × 7
24 = 23 × 3
28. (a) 54 = 2 × 33
35 = 5 × 7
126 = 2 × 32 × 7
∴ L.C.M. of 14, 24 and 35 = 23 × 3 × 5 × 7
234 = 2 × 32 × 13
= 840
∴ H.C.F. of 54, 126 and 234 = 2 × 32
Alternative Solution
= 18
By using short division,
Alternative Solution
2 14 24 35
By using short division,
7 7 12 35
2 54 126 234
1 12 5
3 27 63 117
∴ L.C.M. of 14, 24 and 35 = 2 × 7 × 12 × 5
3 9 21 39
= 840
3 7 13
(b) 18 = 2 × 32
∴ H.C.F. of 54, 126 and 234 = 2 × 3 × 3
30 = 2 × 3 × 5
= 18
63 = 32 × 7
(b) 48 = 24 × 3
∴ L.C.M. of 18, 30 and 63 = 2 × 32 × 5 × 7
120 = 23 × 3 × 5
= 630
408 = 23 × 3 × 17
Alternative Solution
∴ H.C.F. of 48, 120 and 408 = 23 × 3
By using short division,
= 24
3 18 30 63
Alternative Solution
2 6 10 21
By using short division,
3 3 5 21
2 48 120 408
1 5 7
2 24 60 204
∴ L.C.M. of 18, 30 and 63 = 3 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7
2 12 30 102
= 630
3 6 15 51
(c) 24 = 23 × 3
2 5 17
56 = 23 × 7
∴ H.C.F. of 48, 120 and 408 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
72 = 23 × 32
= 24
∴ L.C.M. of 24, 56 and 72 = 23 × 32 × 7
= 504

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

Alternative Solution 19 7
= +
By using short division, 16 5
2 24 56 72 95 112
2 12 28 36 = +
80 80
2 6 14 18 207 47
3 3 7 9 = or 2
80 80
1 7 3
 5 1 1  1 1
∴ L.C.M. of 24, 56 and 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 × 3 (b) 3  2 1  × 5  3 
= 504  6 4 3  2 4

(d) 34 = 2 × 17  46 27 16   22 13 
=   ×  
85 = 5 × 17  12 12 12   4 4
136 = 23 × 17 35 9
= ×
∴ L.C.M. of 34, 85 and 136 = 23 × 5 × 17 12 4
= 680 105 9
= or 6
Alternative Solution 16 16
By using short division,
5  1  1 1   1 3
2 34 85 136 (c) 2 – 2   4  2    6  2 
17 17 85 68 6  5  3 4   4 4
1 5 4 5  1  52 27   25 11 
=2 – 2        
∴ L.C.M. of 34, 85 and 136 = 2 × 17 × 5 × 4 6  5  12 12   4 4
= 680
5 11 25  14
=2 –  
6  5 12  4
30. (a) 4 × 12 + 16 = 64
(b) (32 – 17) × 3 = 45 5  132 125  14
=2 –  
(c) 10 + 6 × 15 = 100 6  60 60  4
(d) 80  5 × 6 = 96 17 7 4
= – ×
6 60 14
31. (a) 57 – 12 × 4  (28 – 22) 17 1
= –
= 57 – 48  6 6 30
= 57 – 8 85 1
= –
= 49 30 30
(b) (37 – 25) × (14 – 6) + 21 84
= 12 × 8 + 21 =
30
= 96 + 21
14 4
= 117 = or 2
5 5
(c) [14 × 6 – (57  3 – 5)] × 2
= [84 – (19 – 5)] × 2  3 1  1 1 2 2
(d)  7  4  × 1  1  1  – 2
= (84 – 14) × 2  5 3  2 4 3 5
= 70 × 2  114 65   3 5 5  2
=  ×   –2
= 140  15 15   2 4 3  5
(d) 32 – [60 – (128  16 × 5 + 2)] 49  18 25  2
= ×  –2
= 32 – [60 – (8 × 5 + 2)] 15  12 12  5
= 32 – [60 – (40 + 2)] 49 43 12
= 32 – (60 – 42) = × –
15 12 5
= 32 – 18
2107 432
= 14 = –
180 180
1675
3 1  1 3 2 =
32. (a) 2  1 × 3  2  + 1 180
8 2  2 4 5 335 11
= or 9
19 3  14 11  2 36 36
=  ×    +1
8 2  4 4 5
33. (a) 9.8 – (5.3 – 2.5) × (1.2 + 0.6)
19 2 3 2
= × × +1 = 9.8 – 2.8 × 1.8
8 3 4 5
= 9.8 – 5.04
= 4.76

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

(b) 0.3 × (6.6 + 5.4) × 0.75  0.3 69 14 7

= – +
= 0.3 × 12 × 0.75  0.3 5 5 5
= 3.6 × 0.75  0.3 =
62
or 12
2
= 2.7  0.3 5 5
=9
35. 40 = 23 × 5
(c) 6.3  [(5.7 – 3.2) × 1.4] + 3.8
50 = 2 × 52
= 6.3  (2.5 × 1.4) + 3.8
60 = 22 × 3 × 5
= 6.3  3.5 + 3.8
∴ H.C.F. of 40, 50 and 60 = 2 × 5 = 10
= 1.8 + 3.8
= 5.6 ∴ The maximum number of bags is 10.
(d) 6.4  {16  [7.2 – 1.6 × (4.3 – 1.8)]} Hence, each bag has 4 butter cookies, 5 chocolate cookies
and 6 coffee cookies.
= 6.4  [16  (7.2 – 1.6 × 2.5)]
= 6.4  [16  (7.2 – 4)]
36. (a) 24 = 23 × 3
= 6.4  (16  3.2)
18 = 2 × 32
= 6.4  5
∴ H.C.F. of 24 and 18 = 2 × 3 = 6
= 1.28
Number of squares cut out
 1 1 = (24  6)  (18  6)
34. (a)  2.75  1  × 4 – 1.5  3
 2 3 =43
3 10 = 12
= (2.75 – 1.5) × 4 – 
2 3 (b) Area of each square
3 3 = 6 × 6 cm2
= 1.25 × 4 – ×
2 10 = 36 cm2
9
=5–
20 37. 40 = 23 × 5
= 5 – 0.45 48 = 24 × 3
= 4.55 60 = 22 × 3 × 5
Alternative Solution ∴ L.C.M. of 40, 48 and 60 = 24 × 3 × 5 = 240
 1 1
 2.75  1  × 4 – 1.5  3 ∵ 240 seconds = (240  60) minutes = 4 minutes
 2 3
∴ They will meet at the starting point again 4 minutes
 3 1 1 1
=  2 1  × 4 –1  3 later.
 4 2  2 3
 11 6  3 10
=   × 4 –  38. (a) ∵ B is divisible by 6.
 4 4 2 3
∴ 6 + 0 + 2 + X + 3 + Y + 2 = 13 + X + Y. The sum
5 3 3
= ×4– × of 13, X and Y should be a multiple of 3.
4 2 10
9 ∴ The possible values of X + Y are 2, 5, 8, 11, 14
=5–
20 and 17.
91 11 (b) If X + Y = 2, the value of B will be the least.
= or 4
20 20 When X = 0 and Y = 2, B = 6 020 322.
3 2 2 When X = 1 and Y = 1, B = 6 021 312.
(b) 5 × 2.4 – 4.2 × + 1 When X = 2 and Y = 0, B = 6 022 302.
4 3 5
21 2 ∴ The least possible value of B is 6 020 322.
= 5.75 × 2.4 – × + 1.4
5 3
14 39. (a) Maximum number of solid cubes put into the box
= 13.8 – + 1.4
5 80 100 60
= × ×
= 13.8 – 2.8 + 1.4 4 4 4
= 11 + 1.4 = 7500
= 12.4 ∴ At most 7500 solid cubes can be put into the
Alternative Solution box.
3 2 2 ∵ 8 is not a factor of 100.
5 × 2.4 – 4.2 × + 1 (b)
4 3 5
∴ The box cannot be filled with the solid cubes
3 2 1 2 2
= 5 × 2 – 4 × +1 without leaving any spaces.
4 5 5 3 5
23 12 21 2 7
= × – × +
4 5 5 3 5

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MathSmart 1A (Chapter 1) Detailed Solutions

Multiple Choice Questions (p.1.43) 6. For A,

1. For A, 18  6 + 3 × 5
1 + 4 + 0 + 3 + 1 = 9, which is a multiple of 9. = 3 + 15
∴ 14 031 is divisible by 9. = 18
For B, For B,
2 + 6 + 5 + 3 + 2 = 18, which is a multiple of 9. 18  6 + (3 × 5)
∴ 26 532 is divisible by 9. = 18  6 + 15
For C, = 3 + 15
4 + 1 + 7 + 2 + 1 = 15, which is not a multiple of 9. = 18
∴ 41 721 is not divisible by 9. For C,
For D, (18  6) + (3 × 5)
7 + 6 + 4 + 3 + 7 = 27, which is a multiple of 9. = 3 + 15
∴ 76 437 is divisible by 9. = 18
∴ The answer is C. For D,
18  (6 + 3) × 5
2. ∵ P is divisible by 6. = 18  9 × 5
=2×5
∴ P is an even number and the sum of all digits of P is a
= 10
multiple of 3.
∴ The answer is D.
∴ P is divisible by both 2 and 3.
∵ A multiple of 3 is not necessarily a multiple of 9.
3 1  2
∴ P is not necessarily divisible by 9. 7. 4  1 × 3 1 
4 2  3
∴ The answer is B.
19 3 1
=  ×1
4 2 3
3. For A,
19 2 4
∵ The factors of 99 are 1, 3, 33 and 99. = × ×
4 3 3
∴ 99 is a composite number.
38
For B, =
9
∵ The factors of 129 are 1, 3, 43 and 129.
2
∴ 129 is a composite number. =4
9
For C,
∴ The answer is B.
∵ The factors of 141 are 1, 3, 47 and 141.
∴ 141 is a composite number.
For D,
∵ The factors of 167 are 1 and 167.
∴ 167 is a prime number.
∴ The answer is D.

4. 2 17 640
2 8820
2 4410
3 2205
3 735
5 245
7 49
7
∴ 17 640 = 23 × 32 × 5 × 72
∴ The answer is A.

5. 9900 = 22 × 32 × 52 × 11
101 640 = 23 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 112
∴ H.C.F. of 9900 and 101 640 = 22 × 3 × 5 × 11
L.C.M. of 9900 and 101 640 = 23 × 32 × 52 × 7 × 112
∴ The answer is B.

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