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Ch9 RLC Circuit

The document discusses RLC circuits, which include both inductors and capacitors, and their applications in various systems such as oscillators and filters. It covers the mathematical analysis of RLC circuits, including characteristic equations, damping conditions, and responses to initial conditions. The document also provides specific examples and calculations related to voltage and current behavior in RLC circuits.

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27 views23 pages

Ch9 RLC Circuit

The document discusses RLC circuits, which include both inductors and capacitors, and their applications in various systems such as oscillators and filters. It covers the mathematical analysis of RLC circuits, including characteristic equations, damping conditions, and responses to initial conditions. The document also provides specific examples and calculations related to voltage and current behavior in RLC circuits.

Uploaded by

qusghckdals
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engineering Circuit Analysis

Chapter 9. The RLC Circuit

Prof. Jungsuk Kim

Department of Biomedical Engineering


Gachon University
[email protected]

1
§ an RLC circuit has both an inductor and a
capacitor
§ these circuits have a wide range of
applications, including oscillators and
frequency filters
§ they also can model automobile suspension
systems, temperature controllers, airplane
responses, and so forth

2
Apply KCL and
differentiate to show:

2
d v 1 dv 1
C 2+ + v =0
dt R dt L
3
To solve, assume v=Aest .
The solution must then satisfy
1 1
Cs + s + = 0
2

R L
which is called the characteristic equation.
If s1 and s2 are the solutions, then the natural response is

v(t) = A1e + A2e s1 t s2 t

Answer: i3(t) = 1.333 sin t V

4
The solutions to the characteristic equation are

1 æ 1 ö 2
1
- ± ç ÷ -
2RC è 2RC ø LC
Define ω0 the resonant frequency:
w0 = 1
LC
and α the damping coefficient:
1
a=
2RC
5
With these definitions, the solutions can be
expressed as:

s1 = -a + a - w
2 2
0

s2 = -a - a - w
2 2
0

The constants A1 and A2 are determined by the


initial conditions.

6
If α>ω0 the solutions are
real, unequal and the s1 = -a + a 2 - w 02
response is termed s2 = -a - a 2 - w 02
overdamped.

If α<ω0 the solutions are [If α=ω0 the solutions are


complex conjugates and real and equal and the
response is termed
the response is termed
critically damped.
underdamped.
7
Show that v(t) = 84(e−t − e−6t ) when i(0+)=10 A
and v(0+)=0 V.

8
9
Show that vC(t) = 80e−50,000t − 20e−200,000t V for t>0.

10
Find R1 such that the circuit is critically damped
for t>0 and R2 so that v(0)=2 V.

Answer: R1 = 31.63 kΩ, R2=0.4Ω

11
If α<ω0, define s1 = -a + a - w 2 2
0

wd = w0 - a 2 2
s2 = -a - a 2 - w 02
and the solution is
v(t) = e -at
(A e 1
jw d t
+ A2e -w d t
)
or equivalently

v(t) = e -at
(B cos(w t )+ B sin(w t))
1 d 2 d
12
13
14
Show for t>0
iL = e−1.2t (2.027 cos 4.75t + 2.561 sin 4.75t)

15
For the series RLC circuit,
2
di di 1
L 2 +R + i =0
dt dt C

This circuit is the dual of the parallel RLC


circuit.
16
The characteristic equation is
1
Ls + Rs + = 0
2

C
and the solution is
v(t) = A1e + A2e s1 t s2 t

where
R æRö 1
2

s1,s2 = - ± ç ÷ -
2L è 2L ø LC
Answer: i3(t) = 1.333 sin t V
17
s1 = -a + a 2 - w 02
R
Define w 0 = 1 and a = s2 = -a - a 2 - w 02
LC 2L
Then if
α>ω0 (overdamped): v(t) = A1e + A2e s1 t s2 t

α=ω0 (critically damped): v(t) = e -at


(A1t + A2 )
α<ω0 (underdamped): (
v(t) = e -at B1 cos(w d t )+ B2 sin(w d t ) )
18
The response of RLC circuits with dc sources
and switches will consist of the natural
response and the forced response:

v(t) = vf(t)+vn(t)

The complete response must satisfy both the


initial conditions and the “final conditions” or
the forced response.

19
Find the labeled voltages and currents at t=0- and
t=0+.

Answer:
iR(0−) = −5 A vR(0−) = −150 V iR(0+) = −1 A vR(0+) = −30 V
iL (0−) = 5 A vL (0−) = 0 V iL (0+) = 5 A vL (0+) = 120 V
iC(0−) = 0 A vC(0−) = 150 V iC(0+) = 4 A vC(0+) = 150 V

20
Find the first derivatives of the labeled voltages
and currents at t=0+.

Answer:
diR/dt(0+) = −40 A/s dvR/dt(0+) = -1200 V/s
diL /dt(0+) = 40 A/s dvL /dt(0+) = -1092 V/s
diC/dt(0+) = -40 A/s dvC/dt(0+) = 108 V/s

21
Show that for t>0
vC(t) = 150 + 13.5(e−t − e−9t ) volts

22
§ The resistor in the RLC circuit serves to
dissipate initial stored energy.
§ When this resistor becomes 0 in the series
RLC or infinite in the parallel RLC, the circuit
will oscillate.

Example: for t>0,


v(t) =2 sin 3t

if i(0)=-1/6 A and v(0)=0 V

23

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