UNIT III
Python Complex data types: Using string data type and string operations, Defining list
and list slicing, Use of Tuple data type. String, List and Dictionary, Manipulations Building
blocks of python programs, string manipulation methods, List manipulation. Dictionary
manipulation, Programming using string, list and dictionary in-built functions. Python
Functions, Organizing python codes using functions..
1. String Data Type and String Operations:
Definition:
A string is a sequence of characters enclosed within single (' '), double (" "), or triple (''' ''' or """ """) quotes
in Python.
String Operations:
Concatenation (+): Combines two strings.
str1 = "Hello"
str2 = "World"
result = str1 + " " + str2 # Concatenation
print(result) # Output: Hello World
29-10-2020 Side 2
• Repetition (*): Repeats a string a specified number of
times.python
str_repeat = "abc" * 3 # Repetition
print(str_repeat) # Output: abcabcabc
• Indexing ([]): Access individual characters using their
position.
first_char = result[0] # Indexing
print(first_char) # Output: H
• Slicing ([start:stop:step]): Extracts a substring from the
original string.
substring = result[0:5] # Slicing
print(substring) # Output: Hello
• Length (len()): Returns the number of characters in a string.
length = len(result) # Length
print(length) # Output: 11
• String Methods: Functions that perform various operations on strings (e.g., lower(),
upper(), replace()).
lowercase = result.lower() # String Method
print(lowercase) # Output: hello world
2. List and List Slicing:
• Definition: A list is a mutable, ordered sequence of elements in Python,
represented by square brackets [].
• List Slicing:
Allows extracting a portion of a list using list[start:stop:step].
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
sublist = my_list[1:4] # List Slicing
print(sublist) # Output: [2, 3, 4]
3. Tuple Data Type:
Definition: A tuple is an immutable, ordered collection of elements in Python,
represented by parentheses ().
Use: Suitable for representing fixed collections of values that should not be modified
during program execution.
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
4. String, List, and Dictionary Manipulations:
• Building Blocks of Python Programs:
> Strings, lists, and dictionaries are fundamental data types.
> Used for storing and manipulating data.
• String Manipulation Methods:
> Methods like split(), join(), strip(), etc., facilitate string manipulation.
sentence = "This is a sample sentence.”
words = sentence.split() # String Method
print(words) # Output: ['This', 'is', 'a', 'sample', 'sentence.’]
• List Manipulation:
Methods like append(), remove(), extend(), etc., modify lists.
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
numbers.append(4) # List Method
print(numbers) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
Dictionary Manipulation:
• Key-value pairs provide a flexible data structure.
• Methods like keys(), values(), items(), etc., offer ways to manipulate dictionaries.
my_dict = {'name': 'John', 'age': 25}
keys_list = list(my_dict.keys()) # Dictionary Method
print(keys_list) # Output: ['name', 'age']
5. Programming Using String, List, and Dictionary In-built Functions:
Python Functions:
>Encapsulate reusable code.
>Defined using the def keyword.
>May have parameters and return values.
#Code
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
message = greet("Alice") # Function
print(message) # Output: Hello, Alice!
Organizing Python Codes Using Functions:
>Functions enhance code modularity and reusability.
>Grouping related functionality into functions improves code readability.
#Code
def calculate_sum(numbers):
return sum(numbers)
result = calculate_sum([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) # Function
print(result) # Output: 15
