Course Title: Physical Education 4

Course Description:

This course covers the history of sports, terminologies, rules and

regulations, facilities and equipment and officials of the game. It includes
competencies in techniques and strategies in playing team sports.

Course Outcomes:

CO1. Recognize knowledge on the history, rules, mechanics,

terminologies, etc. of the sports.

CO2. Develop the basic skills of the sports.

CO3. Apply the rules and mechanics in sports competition.

CO4. Evaluate the values gained in sports participation and apply

these values in everyday life.

CO5. Apply techniques necessary to perform a variety of physical

activities.

CO6. Evaluate through theory and practice the implications of

and benefits from participation in physical activity.
 WEEK 1
___________________________________________________________________________
_________

The Roles of
Sport

Learning Outcomes

 Identify the different stages of sport participation and their role in

society.
 Examine the impact of sport on various social issues.
 Examples: ethnic background, gender equity, populations with
exceptional
 needs, politics, technology, business
Through the ages, sport has been known to affect various cultures,
traditions, and values in our society. The stories that come from the world
of sport help us to gain a better understanding of our views on issues of
equality, human rights, child development,standards for health and
fitness, and character development, as well as many other issues. Sport
has the capacity to create much debate over topics such as steroid use,
fighting in hockey, and salaries of professional athletes. There is no
shortage of public opinion on these and other related sport topics.

Many people have favorite physical activities, sports, teams, stars, or

events, such as the Olympic Games or world championships. Many fans
dedicate much time to learning more about their favourite sport and
attending sporting events in support of their favourite athletes and teams.
Many children have aspirations of becoming like their favourite players,
yet very few actually get the opportunity to play against or alongside their
childhood idols.

Sport plays a vital role in Canadian society. Sport receives an inordinate

amount of media attention, and has attracted the interest of most
Canadians, especially when it comes to Olympic ice hockey, curling, and
speed skating.

History of Sport

Sport has been recorded for centuries. In fact, the sport of wrestling is
depicted on ancient Egyptian urns known to be older than 4000 years.
Formal sport was a natural follow-up to the games children played in many
cultures and in different countries.

The ancient Greeks are considered to be the originators of competitive

sport. Their intercity competitions evolved into the original Olympic
Games, which carried over to the Roman gladiator sports. Throughout
medieval times, productive work was considered of utmost importance,
and games and sport were considered to be trivial, unless they were used
in preparation for war and combat. Eventually, with the reincarnation of
the Olympic Games in 1896 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France, a
venue was made available for international competition at the amateur
level. By the 1970s, professional sport had begun to permeate many
sports, and the concept of amateur was removed from the Olympics in the
1980s.

The modern Olympic Games have the greatest economic impact of any
world-wide event and have the greatest media coverage of any event up
to and including the two weeks of competition. Unfortunately, drug use
and abuse have taken away some of the glitter from sport and even from
the Olympics, but modern technology and people’s innate love of sport are
working towards overcoming this problem.

The Canadian Sport Landscape

Many games and sports are part of a country’s cultural heritage and a
source of national pride. Nowhere is this more evident than in Canada
when our teams are competing at the international level. Canada is a
world power in men’s and women’s ice hockey, curling, speed skating, and
lacrosse, and has produced many world-class sprinters in track and field,
as well as producing world or Olympic champions in several sports. When
these athletes are competing, Canadians are “glued to” their television
sets to watch our national heroes compete for the top prize. One of the
most popular sports is women’s and men’s ice hockey, a sport in which
Canada is considered to produce the world’s best athletes.

The Continuum of Physical Activity and Sport

As we examine physical activity and sport we quickly realize that sport is

only one of numerous stages along a continuum of human physical
activity:

1. Free play is the first stage of the continuum, as this is the activity in
which we engage as children and in which we continue to participate
throughout life. As children, we explore, express ourselves, pretend, and
role play using various forms of physical activity. This form of play has no
firm rules and can usually take place anywhere. We engage in this form of
play simply for the pleasure it provides.

2. Game play is the next stage of the continuum. This form of play
requires greater structure and involves some kind of competition. Game
play has a clear set of objectives that enhance our physical and mental
capacities and are governed by a set of rules and/or regulations. The final
outcome of a game can be based on luck, skill, or strategy, or on any
combination of the three. Game play can be inactive or active:

 Inactive games are very popular and include board games, card
games, and video games.
 Active games include tag games, dodging games, relays, and pick-
up games such as touch football or street hockey.

3. Sport is the next stage along the continuum. As a specialized form of

game play, sport generally involves the following characteristics:

 Sport contains a physical component such as strength, speed,

endurance, flexibility, coordination, balance, and/or agility.
 Sport competition involves winning and losing; therefore, winning
and losing serve as motivating influences to practice, train, and give
the best effort.
 Sport is governed by an organization or institution that sets and
enforces the rules and regulations and establishes the way in which
results are kept and used.
 Sport almost always requires specialized facilities and equipment
that conform to a set standard. Courts, fields, and pools, for
example, require set boundaries and markings. Equipment must
meet standards for size, shape, material, and weight to ensure fair
and equitable competition.
Sport in any given society reflects its values, beliefs, attitudes, and
culture. In a society that places great emphasis on cooperation and fair
play one would expect to find sports, games, and activities that are
different from those found in a society that focused on competition and
winning. One might argue that the youth of today are involved in a
movement that may redefine sport within the North American culture
through greater involvement in alternative sports such as in-line skating,
mountain biking, and wakeboarding. Most people play a sport as a hobby
or for the love of the game. They are immensely satisfied to achieve the
intrinsic rewards of the sport, such as improved health and fitness,
improved skills, friendships, and enjoyment. Sporting activities and
equipment can be modified to include people with disabilities, thereby
giving everyone an opportunity to achieve the personal benefits of sport
involvement.

4. Work is the final stage of the continuum of physical activity and sport.
Some sport participants have developed skills to such a high degree that
they are able to earn a living from their craft in organized sport.
Professional players and coaches who are at the highest level of organized
sport can earn millions of dollars through salaries, endorsements, and
prize money. It is the financial payments they receive to perform in sport
that classifies them as professionals.

The level of training and commitment needed from a very early age to
pursue a dream of becoming a professional athlete is characteristic of
work. Pushing the young body to its physical, mental, and emotional limits
at a very young age is similar to the work that seasoned and well-
conditioned professional athletes must endure. It is small wonder that only
a few amateur athletes can ever hope to attain the professional level.

The Values of Sport in Everyday Life

Sports are a very important part of our life. It is in fact the most technical
part in giving us our identity. In this day and age, many people have
earned themselves titles and awards owing from their performance in
different levels of international sports.

Some of the famous sporting activities include football, athletics, tennis,

hockey, cricket and many more. Sports are a fundamental part of the lives
of millions of men and women all over the world.

Sports helps build talent and hobbies so that the people can be better at
delivering them for personal and professional purposes.

Sports also serve as a good leisure activity meant to relieve one from
physical and emotional stress hence a healthy living.

It is a means to achieve physical exercise which is good for the body’s

growth and development, hence a healthy living as calories and fats are
burnt.

Through sports, people have established their careers as professional men

and women in particular sports like athletes who are paid for their ability
to do well in particular sports.
Sports are also used for promotional purposes where different brands use
sports as a platform to market and advertise themselves.

Sports are a country’s brand. Different countries have been known for
particular sports like for instance the Republic of India is known for cricket,
Brazil for football and Kenya for athletics. Sports are in this way a special
kind of signature and this helps in the preservation of the culture of that
country.

Sports refer to activities that constitute the exertion of physical energy as

well as skill. In sports, an individual is expected to challenge another
person or a team challenging another team. One team is always expected
to win, mostly the better one. The main goal of sports is entertainment.

Importance of sports in education

1. Sports provide entertainment and in this way provide a distraction

therefore taking people from the worries of the world momentarily.
2. It also brings people together irrespective of their ethnic
backgrounds or age. In times of sports, people come together for
the purpose of fun and enjoyment.
3. Sports open the mind of students to being susceptible to new ideas.
Students consciously or unconsciously let go of mental hurdles and
are open to learning.
4. Sports provide mental and physical therapy for learners and
rejuvenate them in these parameters so that they can be in the
best mental and physical position to be educated.
5. It serves as a means through which teachers and students can
bond. Normally there is tension in the teacher-student relationship.
Sports ease this tension and make their interaction friendly.
6. It also fosters the spirit of competition among learners and
enhances the spit of winning as the learners are driven by the spirit
to win in any sport.

Sports are one of the things in life that cuts across the confines of gender.
Male and female all take part in sports and the law in all countries of the
world stands against the discrimination to participate in sports because
the value of sports is appreciated.

Sports are a form of physical activity, exercise or play that one engages in
for the sake of entertainment, personal development or competition.
Some sports are individual sports like gymnastics, swimming, running,
cycling, etc. Some sports are collective sports like football, cricket, hockey,
basketball, volleyball, etc. All sports have some common health and
entertainment objectives. And they have some interesting differences
from each other too.

Individual

Individual sports are a good combination of entertainment, fun and

exercise. They help you maintain your fitness goals along with providing
some fresh and lively energy in your daily life. These can be played at
your convenience, either in your society, neighbourhood or at some
specially designed facility like a race track.

Group

Group sports are an excellent way to understand, relate to and learn the
vital life skills of team-work, competition, collaboration and social
networking. They also provide an opportunity for one to learn new skills
that are specific to that sport. This can be enriching experience. You also
learn to take help from your team-mates to excel in the sport.

Competitive National & International

If you and your team really excel in the sport, you can be chosen to
represent the country at national and international level sports. This is an
excellent opportunity to train yourself at the highest, international
standards possible in the sport. It also exposes you to the feeling of
national spirit in context to other countries and teams of the world.

These Are The Values That Youths Can Learn Through Sports.

According to the 2016 National Sports Participation Survey (NSPS)*

released by Sport Singapore, most people surveyed believed that sports
not only improved physical health but also strengthens mental health by
enforcing positive values.

These are values that sports can teach our youths, for life:

1. Commitment

To eleven-year-old Rizky, one of Football Plus’ soccer academy members,

football is more than a sport to him. He looks forward to his weekly
training sessions, and cites Roberto Firmino as his favorite athlete. One
value he has learnt through these programs is commitment, through the
tough basics of attending the trainings and drills week in and week out.
Rizky’s mother Sazlinah notes that upon joining the programmed, Rizky
has become more independent and confident in his self-esteem.

2. Teamwork

Teamwork is a valuable life skill they can learn through participating in

sports. Being part of a team teaches youths to learn about camaraderie
and build stronger bonds while training and playing as one. No point is
scored in isolation, as they learn that every player needs to work together
to accomplish their goals. One sport activity that builds teamwork is
Dragon Boating organised by REACH Community Services. This sport
requires every single rower to pull their weight and time their strokes
together in careful precision. As the youths train together, they end up
spending more time building and affirming each other positively. They will
learn the importance of their role in the bigger team, and appreciating the
relationships built through the sport.
One value that is highly important in sports today is the value of respect
and sportsmanship. Through playing against other individuals and teams,
the youths learn the value of respecting the rules and the players of the
sport. This helps them to learn how to achieve their goals in the right way,
teaching important life lessons about this value.

4. Confidence

Through their SWISH Youth Programme, Care Community Services Society

aims to use Basketball as a channel to provide a safe space for youths to
engage, grow in confidence and be empowered with character-building
values and essential life skills. Coaches and volunteers also provide
mentoring and guidance after the practice sessions to grow these youths
in their self-confidence.

5. Leadership Skills

Every sporting team aims to win and achieve their goals, and this
competitive environment brings out the desire and leadership potential of
individuals. The sports field is a highly interactive platform that allows for
communication, and thus many leadership opportunities or “moments” for
young people to gain leadership experience. This might not be possible in
other environments such as the classroom. They will learn to develop
empathy for fellow team members, and learn to lead oneself and others.
Some of the sports programmes youths even put their newly acquired
leadership skills into practice, by giving back through planning and
carrying out initiatives for the elderly and disadvantaged children in their
community.

WEEK 1
Activity Sheet #1
The Roles of Sport

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

I. Answer the following questions

1. Has sport influenced society? If so, how?

2. Has sport influenced you in any way? If so, how?

 3. Has sport helped young people develop positive values? Why or
why not?

4. What are some of the values learned through sport? Are they
positive or negative?

5. What is the role of physical activity/sport in your life?

6. Why is sport considered to have an important role in society?

7. Why do people participate in physical activity/sport?

WEEK 1
Activity Sheet #2
The Roles of Sport

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

III. The Continuum of Physical Activity/Sport Participation

1. Classify each of the following activities as one of the following:

F — Free play
G — Game play
S — Sport
.

2. Did you have difficulty classifying any of the above activities? If yes,
which one(s)?

3. Why were some of the activities harder to classify than others?

4. Think of three activities different from the ones listed above that you
think would be hard to classify.

5. Why did you select these three?

WEEK 1
Activity Sheet #3
The Values of Sport in Everyday Life

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

I. Answer the following questions

1. What are the values of sports in our life?

 2. What is the importance of sports in your life as a student?

3. What are the values that youths can learn through sports?

4. What are the importance of sports in education?

WEEK 1
Activity Sheet #4
The Values of Sport in Everyday Life

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

II. Fill in the blanks with the correct terminology.

1.____________________ The sports field is a highly interactive platform that

allows for communication, and thus many leadership opportunities or
“moments” for young people to gain leadership experience.
2.____________________ One value he has learnt through these
programmes is commitment, through the tough basics of attending the
trainings and drills week in and week ou.

3.____________________ to learn about camaraderie and build stronger

bonds while training and playing as one. No point is scored in isolation, as
they learn that every player needs to work together to accomplish their
goals.

4. ____________________Through their SWISH Youth Programme, Care

Community Services Society aims to use Basketball as a channel to
provide a safe space for youths to engage, grow in confidence and be
empowered with character-building values and essential life skills.

5. ____________________sports are a good combination of entertainment, fun

and exercise

6. ____________________It also exposes you to the feeling of national spirit in

context to other countries and teams of the world.

7. ____________________sports are an excellent way to understand, relate to

and learn the vital life skills of team-work, competition, collaboration and
social networking.
 WEEK 2
___________________________________________________________________________
_________

THE CONCEPT OF SPORT AND

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical activities were always a part of human leisure activity. Those that
held first place among primitive people were activities of warlike nature
and of hunting. In time of peace, dance and recreational pastimes took
place. The ancient Greeks admired the beauty of human body, and the
Romans loved military and gladiatorial games and professional
exhibitions. The Middle Ages were famous for their knight tournaments
and religious festivals.
What does SPORT mean nowadays?
Definition of sport used in the dictionary says: SPORT is an outdoor or
indoor game, competition, or activity needing physical effort and skill and
usually carried on according to rules.
Some people say that sport is a physical activity governed by rules and
played by individuals seeking to outperform opponents, while others can
understand sport as organized spontaneous exercises or games, or as a
competitive or non-competitive process through which an individual
obtains physical skills, mental relaxation and bodily fitness.
Sport gives people enjoyment, happiness, friendship, satisfaction, health,
fitness, popularity, recognition, the feeling of victory and success, but on
the other hand, it may be boring, cause sadness, sorrow, disappointment,
fatigue, exhaustion, injuries, illness, and in some cases even death.
SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT
Physical Education (PE) was derived from the Latin words “physica”,
physics, and “educatio”, education, meaning the training of the bodily
organs and powers with a view to the promotion of health and vigour.
The Article One of the UNESCO International Charter of Physical Education
and Sports says that freedom to develop physical, intellectual and moral
powers through physical education and sport must be guaranteed both
within the educational system and in other aspects of social life.

The main goals that the PE program should strive to accomplish

concern four areas. The PE curriculum should
1) develop health-related and motor performance-related fitness,
2) develop skill in activities,
3) develop an understanding and appreciation of physical activity, and
4) provide a meaningful psycho-social experience.
Factors that influence PE program development:
1. the community,
2. state legislation,
3. research,
4. professional organizations,
5. attitudes of managers, school or faculty, students, and consumers,
6. facilities and equipment,
7. scheduling classes,
8. class size,
9. physical education and coaching staff,
10.climate and geographical considerations,
11.social forces,
12.economic issues
CATEGORIZATION OF SPORT
Sport can be categorized from various standpoints. We can distinguish
various categories in sport activities according to:
 the purpose, aim or objective of the sport: 1) recreational sport/
sport for all, competitive sport, elite sport/ top performance sport,
2) amateur sport, professional sport
 the sport facility or environment used: e.g. indoor sports, outdoor
sports, water sports, underwater sports, aquatics, air sports, sports
on the ice, track and field events in athletics, street sports, school
sport
 the equipment or gear used: e.g. racquet sports/ games, technical
sports, motor sports, cycling sports, skiing sports, para sports, ball
games, goal games, equestrian (horse riding), shooting sports
 the abilities and health of participants: sport for the disabled
 the number of participants: individual sport, team sport
 the sex (gender) of participants: men’s/ male sport, women’s/
female sport
 the age of participants: sport of children, junior sport, senior sport,
sport of veterans
 the participants’ approach to sport: active sport, passive sport
(spectators)
 the required courage, physical exertion and highly specialized gear:
extreme sports, action sports, adrenaline sports
 the usual, typical or prevailing season of practising the sport:
summer sports, winter sports, all-season sports
 the regional criteria: local sport, regional sport, national sport,
traditional sport, Olympic sport, worldwide/ global sports
 the importance, popularity and publicity in media: major sports,
minor sports
 the way of performance: contact sports, combat sports, Martial arts
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SPORT
Besides taking an active part in sport, it is also possible just to watch sport
events as a spectator or TV watcher, or to play the pools, which means to
bet money on certain sport results. Passive sport is also important
because spectators and fans can encourage sportsmen and players and
help improve so their performance. Spectators can be one of the income
sources for sport clubs too. However, there are many problems with
different groups of fans who arrive at stadiums, especially those that
support particular football clubs. Some groups are called e.g. Hooligans.
Active sport is either recreational or competitive and top performance

RECREATIONAL, COMPETITIVE AND ELITE SPORT

Recreational sport is also called sport for all and is done for various
purposes, but mainly for fun and entertainment in leisure time. An
increasing number of people are becoming health-conscious and do
recreational sport activities and various keep-fit exercises to maintain or
improve their physical as well as mental fitness and health, to affect their
flexibility, to strengthen their muscles and shape the body, to delay
ageing symptoms, etc. Some people desire to learn new skills or
experience new feelings through sport activities. Some people might have
social reasons for their participation in sport including the need of
integration, friendship, team work, support, recognition etc.
Competitive sport is done mainly for performance, for achieving good
results in competitions, defeating opponents and becoming the winner or
record holder. People who do competitive sport train hard and regularly
and participate in various forms of competition. They are organized and
belong to different sport teams, clubs, associations or federations. The
highest level of competitive sport is elite sport (top performance sport).
Elite athletes must sacrifice almost everything to their sport. It lasts many
years to become an excellent sportsman. Such a process means years of
hard everyday training, effort and drudgery, years of pain and stress as
well. Financial and social background is a necessity. Elite athletes are
often professionals who make living through sport. They follow principles
of sport training to make progress, including various regeneration
programmers. The elite sport is linked with a serious problem – doping,
the use of illegal substances to improve performance.
AMATEUR AND PROFESSIONAL SPORT
Amateur sportsmen take part in sport because of the enjoyment and
satisfaction gained from the activity. They train and compete in their
leisure time, usually after work or at weekends. They are not paid for that.
Professional sport is a paid form of participation in sport events.
Professional athletes make living through sport, do sport as a job, are paid
to compete in sport. Winning and success are the most important things.
The more successful professionals are the more money they earn. They
usually train full-time and devote themselves to their sport. They sign
contracts with different organizations or firms, have to train properly,
participate in competitions, promote the employer or his/her products,
take part in press conferences, advertising campaigns, etc.
The international governing bodies of each sport draw up rules to decide
who is amateur in their sport. They decide if professionals may compete
with amateurs.
SPORT COMPETITION
It is an organized sport event in which participants – competitors want to
become winners, strive to achieve the best possible results, to show an
excellent performance, to beat opponents, to set or break records, or want
to test their abilities and skills and compare them with those of the other
competitors. Those who enter for a competition are obliged to keep
(observe) the rules. Breaking (violating) the rules is penalized or punished
in various ways.
Officials are people who conduct competitions, assess performances of
competitors, referee games, decide the result of a competition. They are
called different names, such as referees, judges, or umpires. The referee is
used in connection with e.g. basketball, boxing, football, hockey, rugby,
squash, and wrestling. The umpire acts in badminton, baseball, cricket,
swimming, tennis, and volleyball. There is a panel of judges in sports like
gymnastics or figure skating.
Competitions have various forms with respect to particular sport areas.
We speak about races in athletics, cycling or skiing, players and teams
play matches, participate in tournaments, leagues, or cups, horse riders or
motor-bikers have their trophies, motor racers compete in rallies,
windsurfers, yachtsmen and row men take part in regattas, boxers fight
in bouts, the name combat or contest is used in some combat sports, etc.
Major competitions are called championships
SCHOOL SPORT AND COMPETITION
FROM "PLAY UP AND PLAY THE GAME" TO "WIN AT ALL COSTS"
Organized sport in American schools has its origin in the athleticism
movement that developed in private schools for boys in Britain (called
Public Schools) in the mid- to late 19th century. During this time period a
system of institutionalized games became associated with the philosophy
of muscular Christianity, characterized by a belief in God, country, playing
by rules and playing fairly, and accepting amateurism as the highest form
of sport. The idea that participation in sport “build character” was the
basis of this philosophy. Teachers were put in charge of sports teams and
participation became compulsory. Since these activities were school
sponsored, they were, by definition, of educational value.
The muscular Christianity movement was exported to the British Empire
as the graduates of the Public School system took up administrative and
teaching positions in the colonies. Schools were set up for the sons of the
local elites in British colonial possessions, and organized sports were
practiced in these schools in much the same way as in Britain. Sport
became central to the education of the sons of American elites in a similar
manner, since in the mid-nineteenth century private schools following the
British model were developed in the East Coast region of the United
States.
The British “play up and play the game” mentality may have been the
initial philosophy behind playing sport in America, but during the late 19th
and early 20th century this philosophy became modified, and winning
became more important. Social historian Donald Mrozek (1983) has traced
the origins of this “victory philosophy” in sport to the spirit of social
efficiency, the idea that individuals could work together like the parts of a
machine to produce a positive social environment.
Contemporary business and educational leaders in America
enthusiastically accepted this philosophy. Victory in sport was seen as
“the greatest of all manifestations of social efficiency” and was used by
the political leaders of the time such as T. Roosevelt as a metaphor for
victory by the nation in a broader political context. Sports, particularly
“American” team sports such as baseball and football, gave the
opportunity for action, and as a result of action, success and victory.
Winning in sport became an “invented tradition” of America, symbolizing
moral superiority and national dominance.
This winning philosophy quickly became part of organized sport at
American universities, as the unique system of American intercollegiate
athletics developed. During the first two decades of 20th century
universities began to hire professional coaches whose job was to help the
sports teams win games. This system of intercollegiate athletics is much
the same today then, although now the financial stakes for the universities
are much higher.
The winning philosophy also became part of a system of high school sports
organized along the same lines as college, but until recently without the
high financial stakes. Sport became an essential part of the expansion of
American secondary education to meet the great influx of immigrants
during the early 20th century. In America almost everyone comes from
somewhere else, so the need to develop a sense of community, i.e. to
invent the idea of being “American”, was an important educational goal.
Sport became a valuable consensual ritual in American schools, a ritual
which created a sense of solidarity and community, and it still performs
this function today. There is nothing like winning sporting events to bring
the school together and develop community pride. The town can
collectively celebrate the success of the high school sports teams, and
through that success all community members can think of themselves as
“winners”.
 WEEK 2
Activity Sheet #1
THE CONCEPT OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

I. Answer the following questions.

1. Why are these sports called extreme sports?

2. What is a common feature of extreme sports?

3. What are the main goals that the PE program should strive to
accomplish concern four areas?
 WEEK 2
Activity Sheet #2
THE CONCEPT OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

II . List down the factors that influence PE program development:

 WEEK 3
Team Sports:
Basketball

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

  traced the origin of basketball;

  proficiently execute basic skills in basketball;
  interpret rules and regulations of basketball;
  exhibit enjoyment in playing basketball;
  explain the health and fitness benefits derived from playing
basketball.

Introduction

Students practice motor skills and create and perform movement

sequences within the game of basketball. They develop and practice
strategies and tactics to enhance their own and others’ performances
in gaining and maintaining possession of the ball and scoring goals.
This module introduces you to the world of team sports. As you go
along, you will encounter activities that allow you to demonstrate
understanding of the benefits derived from your engagement and
participation in basketball together with your family, which eventually
promote family fitness, health, and wellness.
Now that you know where you’re going, let’s start activating your prior
knowledge about team sports.

In this phase of the learning sequence, you will be given activities to

activate your prior knowledge and to know the key concepts of the
lesson at hand. You will also exhibit tentative responses through
provocative and critical questions; identify misconceptions and
alternative conceptions about the lesson based on your responses; be
informed of the assessment techniques corresponding to your tasks; be
provided with the necessary information you need to learn about team
sports, specifically Basketball. You can assess your knowledge by
answering the given focus questions at the end of this part of the
lesson.

Nature and Background of Basketball

Basketball is a team sport, wherein the objective is to shoot a ball

through a basket horizontally positioned to score points while following
a set of rules. Usually, two teams of five players play on a marked
rectangular court with a basket at each width end. Basketball is one of
the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. A regulation
basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet
high mounted to a backboard. A team can score a field goal by
shooting the ball through the basket during regular play.

A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is
touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three
points (known commonly as a 3-pointer or three) if the player is behind
the three-point line. The team with the most points at the end of the
game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the
game ends with a draw. The ball can be advanced on the court by
bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or throwing (passing) it
to a team mate. It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball
(travelling), to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume
dribbling (double dribble).

Various violations are generally called "fouls". Disruptive physical

contact (a personal foul) is penalized, and a free throw is usually
awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A
technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most
commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or
coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the
opposing team is also retained possession of the ball. Basketball has
evolved many commonly used techniques of shooting, passing,
dribbling, and rebounding, as well as specialized player positions and
offensive and defensive structures (player positioning) and techniques.
Typically, the tallest members of a team will play "center", "power
forward" or "small forward" positions, while shorter players or those
who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard"
or "shooting guard". While competitive basketball is carefully
regulated, numerous variations of basketball have developed for casual
play. Competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport played on a
carefully marked and maintained basketball court, but less regulated
variations are often played outdoors in both inner city and remote
areas.

THE HISTORY

In contrast to other sports, basketball has a clear origin. It is not the

evolution from an ancient game or another sport and the inventor is
well known: Dr. James Naismith. Naismith was born in 1861 in Ramsay
township, Ontario, Canada. He graduated as a physician at McGill
University in Montreal and was primarily interested in sports
physiology.

In 1891, while working as a physical education teacher at the YMCA

International Training School (today, Springfield College) in the United
States, Naismith was faced with the problem of finding in 14 days an
indoor game to provide "athletic distraction" for the students at the
School for Christian Workers.
After discarding the idea of adapting outdoor games like soccer and
lacrosse, Naismith recalled the concept of a game of his school days
known as duck-on-a-rock that involved accuracy attempting to knock a
"duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it.

Starting from there, Naismith developed a set of 13 rules that gave

origin to the game of basketball. Of course, it was not exactly as we
know it today. The first game was played with a soccer ball and two
peach baskets nailed 10-feet high used as goals, on a court just half
the size of a present-day court. The baskets retained their bottoms so
balls scored into the basket had to be poked out with a long dowel
each time and dribbling (bouncing of the ball up and down while
moving) was not part of the original game.

The sport was an instant success and thanks to the initial impulse
received by the YMCA movement, basketball's popularity quickly grew
nationwide and was introduced in many nations. Although Naismith
never saw the game develop into the spectacular game we know these
days, he had the honor to witness basketball become an Olympic sport
at the 1936 Games held in Berlin

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

Basketball is a simple game, it doesn’t require any equipment other

than a hoop, a ball and a flat court. Even two players can play and
have fun with basketball.

A. FACILITIES

Court Dimensions - The size of the court depends on the playing

level. The size of the court for NBA and College games is 94 feet long
and 50 feet wide.

The Backboard and Rim - The regulation height above the ground for
the rim (hoop) is 10 feet, and the rim is 18 inches in diameter.
Backboards are six feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall, with the
inner square being 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall.

The Foul Line - For all size courts the 'foul line' is 15 feet in front of
the backboard.

The Key - The key is 12 feet wide, and is the same for all basketball
courts.

The 3-Point Line (Arc) - For NBA Basketball Courts the 3-point arc is
22 feet to the center of the rim on the sides with a straight line
extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline. Past those points the
line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim.

Line Markings - All line markings on the floor are two inches wide and
can vary in color.

B. EQUIPMENTS

Basket - A hoop or basket with net around its circumference and of

18inch diameter is firmly hung horizontally from a rectangular
backboard of 3.5 feet height and 6 feet width on either sides of the
court.
Ball - Basketball is an orange-colored and rough-textured spherical ball
with black contours usually made of leather or composite tough
materials.

Basic Elements in Basketball

Basketball is a fast-paced game that requires the knowledge and

instinct to perform quickly and properly. The sport of basketball
requires five basic skills. While some players might be more
experienced with some skills than others, it is best to have at least
some ability in all five areas.

Dribbling

Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will
allow you to move up and down the court, maneuver past defenders
and execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-handling skills and
knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball control. It is also best
if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands.

Shooting

In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into
the hoop. This requires the ability to properly hold and throw the ball
into the air toward the basket while avoiding defenders. A proper shot
requires precise aiming, arm extension and lift from the legs. There are
different types of shots you need to learn, including jump shots, layups
and free throws.

Running

Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find

yourself running back and forth as the game quickly transitions
between offense and defense. When you have the ball, running will
help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense,
you often will find yourself needing to run after the opponent,
especially during fast breaks.

Passing

Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a
complete basketball player. Basketball is a team sport that involves
finding a teammate who is open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball
to this player can make the difference between scoring and not
scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a basketball
team and usually the ones who set up scoring plays.

Jumping

Jumping is another skill that can define how good a basketball player is.
Jumping is involved in offense during the jump ball in the beginning,
while taking shots and sometimes while trying to catch a pass. On
defensive you will need the ability to jump when trying to block a shot
or a pass. Being able to out jump your opponent for a rebound also is
important.

Officiating Officials/Rules and Regulations of Basketball

Officials Conduct Game

During actual play, there is no practical difference between the referee

and umpire(s). They are equally responsible for the conduct of the
game; and, because of the speed of play, their duties are dictated
essentially by their respective positions on the court from moment to
moment. For this reason, the rules specify that no official has the
authority to question decisions made by another official. The officials'
control, which begins 30 minutes before starting time for men and 15
minutes for women and concludes with the referee's approval of the
final score, includes the power to eject from the court any player,
coach or team follower who is guilty of flagrant unsporting conduct.
When the referee leaves the confines of the playing area at the end of
the game, the score is final and may not be changed.

Officials' Signals

When a foul occurs, the official is required by the rules to (a) signal the
timer to stop the clock, (b) designate the offender to the scorer and ©
use his or her fingers to indicate the number of free throws. When a
team is entitled to a throw-in, an official must (a) signal what caused
the ball to become dead, (b) indicate the throw-in spot (except after a
goal) and (c) designate the team entitled to the throw-in.

Duties of Scorers and Timers

Scorers must (a) record, in numerical order, names and numbers of all
players, (b) record field goals made and free throws made and missed,
(c) keep a running summary of points scored, (d) record fouls called on
each player and notify officials when a player-disqualification or bonus-
free-throw situation arises, (e) record timeouts and report when a
team' s allotted number has been used, and (f) record when a squad
member has been ejected for fighting. It is the game-clock and shot-
clock operators' responsibility to keep everyone abreast of key factors
while carrying out the timing regulations.

The Officiating Staff

The makeup of the officiating corps is strictly a matter of choice. The

minimum number is five: a referee, an umpire, a scorer, a timer and a
shot-clock operator. In some cases, eight officials are used in a lineup
comprising a referee, two umpires, a shot-clock operator, two scorers
and two timers.

Referee is Official in Charge

The referee is the official that controls the game. He is the one who
tosses the ball up for the center jump at the start of the game and
each overtime period. He duties range from inspecting and approving
all equipment before the game's starting time to approving the final
score. In between, the referee is responsible for the notification of each
team three minutes before each half is to begin and deciding matters
of disagreement among the officials. The referee has the power to
make decisions on any point not specifically covered in the rules and
even to forfeit the game if necessary.

Rules and Regulations

 The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
 The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands.
 A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the
spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who
catches the ball when running at a good speed if he tries to stop.
 The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body
must not be used for holding it.
 No shouldering, holding, striking, pushing, or tripping in any way
of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person
shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next
basket is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person,
for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed.
 A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules three
and four and such described in rule five.
 If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for
the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the
mean time making a foul).

TERMINOLOGIES IN BASKETBALL

Airball - A basketball shot that misses everything; net, backboard, and

rim.

Assist - A pass to another basketball player that leads directly to a

made basket.

Backboard - The rectangular piece of wood or fiberglass that the rim

attaches to.
Bench - The substitute basketball players.

Bounce Pass - In this pass, the basketball bounces about two-thirds of

the way from the passer to the receiver.

Brick - A poor shot that bounces hard off the rim or backboard.

Carry the Ball - similar to traveling. When a basketball player moves

with the ball without properly dribbling it.

Double Team - when two basketball teammates join efforts in

guarding a single opponent.

Dunk - when a player close to the basket jumps and strongly throws

the ball down into it.

End Line - the boundary line behind each basket; also called the

baseline.

Field Goal - when the basketball enters the basket from above during

play; worth 2 points, or 3 points if the shooter was standing behind the

3-point line.

Foul Line - the line 15' from the backboard and parallel to the end line

from which basketball players shoot free-throws.

Jump Ball - Two opposing basketball players jump for a basketball an

official tosses above and between them.

Layup - a close up shot taken after dribbling to the basket.

Rebound - when a basketball player grabs a ball that is coming off the

rim or backboard after a shot attempt; see offensive rebound and

defensive rebound.

Shot Clock - a clock that limits the time a team with the basketball

has to shoot it to a given amount of time.

Traveling - when the ball handler takes too many steps without

dribbling; also called walking.

Zone Defense - a defense where each defender is responsible for an

area of the court and must guard any player who enters that area.
 WEEK 3
Activity Sheet #1
Team Sports: Basketball

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

I. Answer the Following question

1. What are the basic skills in playing basketball?

2. How does playing basketball develop specific fitness components?

3. Why are rules and regulations essential in playing basketball?

4. What makes basketball an excellent means of enhancing family

fitness and wellness?

5. What values can be fostered as you and your family engage and
participate in a team sport such as basketball?
 WEEK 3
Activity Sheet #2
Team Sports: Basketball

NAME : ____________________________________ DATE:____________________

INSTRUCTOR:______________________________ YR & SECTION:
_________________

The team sport that I would like to know more.

This activity allows you to share your knowledge about team sports
which brings out your expectations of the lesson, your prior knowledge
and skills, and the specific team sport you want to learn more. Always
bear in mind that improving your physical fitness together with your
family is the main goal of participating in team sports. Keep it up as
you go to the specific team sport that you intend to master in this next
activity.

Here are your tasks: 1. Below is a K-W-L chart. Under K column, write
three things that you already know about your chosen team sport.
Under W column, write three things that you want to know more about.
Don’t write anything yet on the L column.