School: PINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Grade Level: 11

GRADES 1 to 12 STATISTICS AND

DAILY LESSON LOG Teacher: ARCELIE D. ELARDO Learning Area: PROBABILITY
MELC BASED Teaching Dates: March 24-28, 2025 Quarter: FOURTH

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

(Content Standards) The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of correlation and regression analyses.
(Performance Standards) The learner is able to perform correlation and regression analyses on real-life problems in different disciplines.
(Learning Competencies Draws the best-fit line on a Calculates the slope and y- Interprets the calculated Predicts the value of the
scatter plot (M11-12SP-IVi-2) intercept of the regression slope and y-intercept of the dependent variable given the
line (M11-12SP-IVi-3) regression line (M11/12SP- value of the independent
IVi-4) variable. M11/12SP-IVj-1
Lesson Objective
1. Describe the slope and y- 1. Define regression line;
1. Identify the slope and the y-
intercept of the regression line; 2. Predicts the value of the
intercept in the equation y’ =
2. Calculate the slope and y- dependent variable given the
1. Identify the uses and bx+a;
intercept of the regression line; value of the independent
importance of best-fit line; 2. Solve the slope and y-
and variable; and
2. Construct a scatter plot and intercept of the regression line;
3. Interpret the slope and y- 3. Show willingness in
draw the best fit line on a scatter and
intercept of the regression line. predicting the value of the
plot; and 3. Demonstrate cooperation in
dependent variable given the
3. Demonstrate cooperation in pair activity
value of the independent
the pair activity .
variable.

(Subject Matter) REVIEW OF LESSON/

Predicting the Value of the
RECORDING OF Slope and y-intercept of
Slope and y-intercept of Dependent Variable Given the
Best-fit line and scatter plot OUTPUTS/PREPARATION regression line
regression line Value of the Independent
OF INSTRUCTIONAL
Variable
MATERIALS
(Learning Resources) - Chalk and board - Chalk and board
- Chalk and board - Chalk and board
-PowerPoint Presentation -PowerPoint Presentation
-PowerPoint Presentation -PowerPoint Presentation
- Handouts with practice - Handouts with practice
- Handouts with practice - Handouts with practice
problems problems
problems problems
- Writing materials (notebooks, - Writing materials (notebooks,
- Writing materials (notebooks, - Writing materials (notebooks,
pens) pens)
pens) pens)
(Procedure)
a. Reviewing Previous The teacher instructs the -Start the class with routine The teacher will recall the
Lesson or Presenting the students to DISTRIBUTE A activities (prayer, arranging the -The teacher reviews the topic on discussion last meeting by
New Lesson PICTURE TO EACH GROUP chairs, etc.) calculating slope and y-intercept asking the students the following
SHOWING A BUSY STREET -Review on the previous questions:
 How do I find the slope and y- 1. What is the regression
intercept of y=x+6? line?
m = slope 2. What is the use of the
b = y-intercept regression line?

y = mx + b Answers:
y = 1x + 6 1. The regression line is
the lie that is used to
With this, we can clearly see that predict the value of y if
this equation have the slope = the value of x is known.
1 and y-intercept = 6. It is called the line that
From the activity above, best fits because it is
determine the trend of the slope the line that is closest to
FULL OF PEOPLE WALKING
(m) the y distances of the
then asks them to divide the meeting’s competency which is
Therefore, the slope is 1 and the y points in the scatterplot.
number of people equally into “drawing the best-fit line on a
intercept is 6 (trend is increasing 2. In regression analysis,
two by drawing/constructing a scatter plot. we use the regression
line. line in prediction. In
business, for example,
we can use the
regression line to
forecast the future
income of a company
based on the income of
past or known fiscal
years.
We can also use the analysis to
predict the future population of a
school based on existing
population for quite a number of
years.
b. Establishing purpose for The teacher explains to the The teacher explains the students
the lesson students that the previous that the topic on calculating slope
activity is a relevant part to and y-intercept of regression line The teacher will let the students
understand the best fit line. The teacher explains to the is relevant to understand how to realize that recognizing the
students that the constructing the interpret it. regression line is an important
scatter plot and best fit line is a
concepts in predicting the value
relevant part to calculate the
of the dependent variable given
slope and y-intercept of
the value of the independent
regression line.
variable.

c. Presenting I have here pictures showing The teacher presents a

example/instances of examples of a best-fit line. scatterplot of cricket chirps in More Examples:
the new lesson Please observe, scrutinize, and relation to outdoor temperature.
investigate the examples. The teacher will asked the
 students the question below and
1.A study was done to investigate let them share it to the class.
the relationship between the age They may write it on the board.
in years of a young person x and 1. How standard error of
the time y in minutes at which the estimate used in
child can run one mile. Data predicting the value of
from children between the ages of the dependent variable?
8 and 15 was collected. The
equation of the regression line Answers:
was found to be y = 17 - 0.5x 1. The standard error (se)
for the predicted value
of the dependent
Interpret the slope and y-
variable can be
intercept.
computed by
identifying the standard
Solution: The slope is -0.5. What deviation of the
this mean is that for every differences of the actual
increase of 1 in x there is a values and the predicted
decrease of 0.5 in y. In the values of the dependent
context of the question, we can variable, i.e.,
say that on average, as a child
ages one year their time to run a
mile goes down by 30 seconds
(half a minute).

The y-intercept is 17, which

means that when x is 0, y is 17.
For this question, the y-intercept
is not relevant, since 0 year old
children cannot run one mile.

2. A biologist wants to study the

relationship between the number
of trees x per acre and the number
of birds y per acre. She came up
with the equation of the
regression line
y = 5 + 4.2x
Solution: The slope is 4.2. This
means that for every additional
tree, you can expect an average of
4.2 additional birds per acre. The
y-intercept 5 has meaning in this
case. We can say that the average
number of birds per acre in an
area with no trees is 5
 You might be
wondering why n – 2 is
used in the denominator
instead of n – 1. This is
because two parameters
– the slope and the y-
intercept – were
estimated in order to
estimate the sum of
squares in the least
squares regression
model. The smaller the
value of the standard
error of estimate is, the
closer the predicted
values of y are to their
actual values.
d. Discussing new concepts FINDING THE SLOPE OF A The class will be divided into
From the examples above, what REGRESSION LINE four groups and answer the given
is a best-fit line? The formula for the slope, m, of problem.
Such a straight line is the best-fitting line is
called the "line of best fit." It
The teacher will present the
may also be called a
examples to the class but let
"trend" line. A line of best fit is
them discover and answer it by
a straight line that best
pair. The teacher will only show
represents the data on a scatter
where r is the correlation one example and then let the
plot. A Scatter (XY) Plot has
between X and Y, and sx and sy students solve the rest of the
points that show the relationship
are the standard deviations of the examples.
between two sets of data.
This line may pass through x-values and the y-values,
respectively. You simply divide For each regression line, predict
some of the points, none of the
sy by sx and multiply the result y for the given values of x:
points, or all of the points.
by r. a. y = 0.3x + 2.5, (x = 6)
Applying our previous lessons,
y = 4.3
what do we need to draw a line?
An equation in the Note that the slope of the best-
fitting line can be a negative Working by pair, predict y for
form of y=mx+b where
number because the correlation Task: Now, Mr. Lito is better the given values of x:
m=rise/run while b is the y-
can be a negative number. A informed on the number of cones b. y = -0.78x + 23.1, (x = 100)
intercepts and at least two
negative slope indicates that the he needs based on the y = -54.9
points.
line is going downhill. For temperature, he needs some help c. y = -3.2x + 6.7, (x = 5)
example, if an increase in police determining which cone company y = -9.3
If the equation is given, can we
find y if x is known? How about officers is related to a decrease to use for supplies. Help Mr. Lito
finding x if y is known, is that in the number of crimes in a generate a least squares
possible? linear fashion; then the regression equation for its data
Yes! correlation and hence the slope and interpret the information
These are all possible. of the best-fitting line is negative given in the equation. Decide
 How? which company is better based on
Just evaluate y=mx +b the interpretation.
in this case.
to find the y if x is known and
evaluate x= (y-b)/m if y is
known.
e. Continuation of the To draw the best-fit line, solve The regression line is called the
discussion of new for y’=bx+a where line that best fits because it is the
concepts line that is closest to the y-
and b = distances of the points in the
scatterplot.
and plot y if x To compute the regression line,
is given. x=(y-a)/b is use to find we use the equation Y'= bx + a.
x if y is given. The slope b and the y-intercept
are found using the formula:
In a graphing paper, solve and a= ((∑y)(∑x^(2 )

〖(∑x)〗^2 ) and
plot creatively the best-fit line by )-(∑x)(∑xy))/(n(∑x^2 )-
group. Decide on the questions
provided. Be guided with the b=

〖(∑x)〗^2 )
rubric. (n(∑xy)-(∑x)(∑y))/(n(∑x^2 )-

f. Developing Mastery

The teacher will let each pair

construct their own problems.
Then, pass it to the next pair and
let them answer it. Five rounds
will do before checking.

g. Finding practical
applications of concepts
and skills in daily living
h. Making generalizations The teacher summarizes the The teacher summarizes the ff.: The teacher summarizes the ff.:
and abstractions about following: The teacher will let the students
BEST- FIT LINE or LINE OF To determine the regression line A regression line is simply a to write anything they have
 the lesson BEST FIT --- it is the straight or do a regression analysis, we single line that best fits the data
line that best illustrates the trend go through the following steps: (in terms of having the smallest
or direction that the data points 1. Find the value of the overall distance from the line to
seem to follow. This line may correlation coefficient the points). Statisticians call this
either points upward to the right (r). technique for finding the best-
or to the left. 2. Test the significance of fitting line a simple
To draw the best-fit line, solve r. If r is significant, linear regression analysis using
for y’=bx+a where a= proceed to regression the least squares method.
analysis (proceed to
and b= step 3). If r is not The easiest way to understand
significant, regression and interpret slope and intercept
analysis cannot be in linear models is to first
and plot y if x is done (stop). understand the slope-intercept
given. x=(y-a)/b is use to find x learned with the discussion. One
3. Find the values of the formula: y = mx + b. M is
if y is given. student will write one learning to
slope (b) and the y- the slope or the consistent change
It would be better if the line the paper and pass it to the next
intercept (a). between x and y, and b is the y-
passes through two of the student beside him/her.
4. Substitute the values of intercept. Often, the y-intercept
points. a and b in the represents the starting point of the
regression line equation.
In a scatter plot if the points are yI=bx+a.
arranged in a thinner line, the
strength of association is greater,
if the line points to the right
then it is positive; when the
direction is negative, it means
that if one value of one variable
is low, the other is high, or vice
versa.

i. Evaluating learning The students will work by pair. The students will answer by pair. The teacher will let the students
The students will answer by pair. Calculate the slope and y- to predict y for the given values
A. The following data shows the intercept of the ff. 1. Reinforced concrete buildings of x by using regression line.
number of absences and the 1. A study was done to have steel frames. One of the
number of quizzes missed by investigate the relationship main factors affecting the 1. y = 2.6x + 0.56, (x = 3.5)
five students. If there is between the age in years of a durability of these buildings is y = 9.66
significant relationship between young person x and the time y in carbonation of the concrete 2. y = 3.5x + 1.67, (x = 8)
the two variables, predict the minutes at which the child can (caused by a chemical reaction y = 29.67
number of quizzes missed by a run one mile. Data from that changes the pH of the
student who was absent for 6 children between the ages of 8 concrete) which then corrodes the
days. and 15 was collected. The steel reinforcing the building.
equation of the regression line Data is collected on specimens of
was found to be the core taken from such
y = 17 - 0.5x buildings, where the depth of the
Solution carbonation, in mm, called d, and
The slope is -0.5. the strength of the concrete, in
The y-intercept is 17. Mpa, called s, are measured. It is
 2. A biologist wants to study the found that the model is s d = −⋅
relationship between the number 24.5 2.8
of trees x per acre and the
number of birds y per acre. She
came up with the equation of the
regression line
y = 5 + 4.2x
The slope is 4.2 The y-intercept
is 5
REFLECTION

Prepared by: Checked by:

ARCELIE D. ELARDO DAVID B. DUPYAWON JR.

Teacher III Head Teacher III