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Energy and Internal Volume of
Consumer Refrigeration

AHAM HRF-1- 2019

Products

AHAM HRF-1-2016
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PREFACE

The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers develops standards in accordance with AHAM's "Policy
and Procedures Governing Technical Standards" which states:

“AHAM Standards shall be in the best interest, mutually, of consumers who use appliances,
the industries which provide and service appliances, and other interested parties. They
shall relate to actual use conditions and be technically and scientifically sound.”

Use or observance of AHAM standards is voluntary.

This standard contains test procedures that may be applied to any brand or model of electric (single-phase,
alternating current) refrigerator, refrigerator-freezer, freezer or miscellaneous refrigeration products for
measuring energy consumption. Results of tests in accordance with this standard may be publicly stated.
This standard is a technical revision of AHAM HRF-1-2016.

AHAM welcomes comments and suggestions regarding this standard. Any standard may be reviewed and
improved as needed. All standards shall be updated or reconfirmed at least every five years. Any
interested party, at any time, may request a change in an AHAM standard. Such request should be
addressed to AHAM's President, and should be accompanied by a statement of reason for the request
and a suggested alternate proposal.

Copyright © 2019 by the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM)

All rights reserved.

The hard copy print version of this document shall be for individual use only.

The electronic file version of this document shall be for storage on one computer for purposes of viewing
and/or printing one copy for individual use only.

This document shall not be reproduced in whole or in part by any means, and shall not be transmitted
electronically or otherwise to a third person without the prior written permission of AHAM.

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CONTENTS

Section Page
1 PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................... 2
2 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................ 2
3 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................. 3
Adjusted Volume ...................................................................................................................... 3
Air Ducts ................................................................................................................................... 3
All-Refrigerator ......................................................................................................................... 3
Anti-Sweat Heater .................................................................................................................... 3
Automatic Icemaker .................................................................................................................. 3
Baffle ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Chiller or Drip Tray ................................................................................................................... 4
Compartment............................................................................................................................ 4
Compressor Cycle .................................................................................................................... 4
Compressor Cycle Pattern: ....................................................................................................... 5
Cycle ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Defrost cycle............................................................................................................................. 5
Defrost Cycle Type ................................................................................................................... 5
Defrost System ......................................................................................................................... 5
Drain Trap ................................................................................................................................ 6
Fan Scroll ................................................................................................................................. 6
Freezer ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Ice Tray .................................................................................................................................... 7
Ice Storage Bin ......................................................................................................................... 7
Liner ......................................................................................................................................... 7
Miscellaneous Refrigeration Product ........................................................................................ 7
Multiple-compressor Product .................................................................................................... 7
Quick Cool ................................................................................................................................ 8
Refrigerator .............................................................................................................................. 8
Refrigerator-Freezer ................................................................................................................. 8
Shelf ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Standard Cycle ......................................................................................................................... 8
Stable/Steady State Condition .................................................................................................. 8
Variable Anti-sweat Heater Control ........................................................................................... 9

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Variable Defrost Control ........................................................................................................... 9
Volume ..................................................................................................................................... 9
4 METHOD FOR COMPUTING REFRIGERATED VOLUME OF CONSUMER REFRIGERATION
PRODUCTS ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Total volume ........................................................................................................................... 10
Legend for Figures 4-1 through 4-3 ........................................................................................ 11
5 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF CONSUMER REFRIGERATION
PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................... 13
Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 13
Test Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 13
Instruments............................................................................................................................. 14
General Test Requirements .................................................................................................... 14
Temperature Control Settings ................................................................................................. 23
Test Period ............................................................................................................................. 25
Test Measurements ................................................................................................................ 30
Determination of Results of Average Per-Cycle Energy Consumption .................................... 37
Measurement of Annual Energy Consumption........................................................................ 42
6 METHOD FOR COMPUTING ADJUSTED VOLUME OF CONSUMER REFRIGERATION
PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................................... 43
Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 43
Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 43
Adjusted Volume .................................................................................................................... 43
Annex A (informative) ............................................................................................................................ 45

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1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this standard is to establish a uniform and repeatable procedure or standard
method for measuring specified product characteristics of refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers,
miscellaneous refrigeration products, and freezers (Consumer Refrigeration Products). The
standard methods and the recommended levels of performance, where they appear, are intended
to provide a means by which different brands and models of Consumer Refrigeration Products
can be compared and evaluated.
The standard methods are not intended to inhibit improvement and innovation in product testing,
design or performance.
The following principles of interpretation shall be applied to AHAM HRF-1, and shall apply to and
guide any revisions to the test procedure. The intent of the energy test procedure is to simulate
typical room conditions (72°F (22.2°C)) with door openings, by testing at 90°F (32.2°C) without
door openings. This measurement standard only applies to Refrigeration Products which operate
in an equivalent manner under 90°F (32.2°C) ambient conditions as they would under typical room
conditions.
NOTE: The following guidance shall be used for determining if this measurement standard is
applicable to the unit under test (UUT).
Energy consuming components that operate in typical room conditions (including as a result of
door openings, or a function of humidity), and that are not exempted by this standard, shall
operate in an equivalent manner during energy testing under this standard, or be accounted for
by all calculations as provided for in the standard.
Examples of Consumer Refrigeration Products for which the measurement standard is not
applicable:
1. Consumer Refrigeration Products, which have energy saving features designed to be
activated by a lack of door openings or which operate differently at 90°F (32.2 °C)
compared to under typical room conditions (72 °F (22.2 °C)).
2. Consumer Refrigeration Products where the defrost heater(s) either function or turn off
differently during the energy test than it would under typical room conditions.
3. Consumer Refrigeration Products with electric heaters that would normally operate at
typical room conditions with door openings, but which operate differently during the energy
test.
4. Consumer Refrigeration Products that have an Icemaker area temperature exceeding the
temperature necessary for the storage of ice.
NOTE: Energy used during adaptive defrost shall continue to be tested and adjusted per the
calculation provided for in this standard.

2 SCOPE
This standard applies to Consumer Refrigeration Products as defined in definitions in section 3 of
this standard. This standard covers definitions, methods for computing volumes, methods for
determining energy consumption and energy factor, and safety recommendations.

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3 DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. All definitions apply to products
having a source of refrigeration requiring a single phase, alternating current electric energy input
only, and which are not intended for commercial use.
NOTE:
1. All definition terms are identified in bold throughout this document.
2. All temperatures are measured in accordance with Sections 5.5.5 and 5.5.6 when tested
at 90°F (32.2° C) ambient.
3. Definitions in DOE 10CFR430.2 will supersede any definition in this document that may
be in conflict.

Adjusted Volume
The sum of the fresh food compartment volume, the cooler compartment volume, and the
product of an adjustment factor and the freezer compartment volume, in cubic feet.

Air Ducts
Enclosed passages which direct the flow of air.

All-Refrigerator
A cabinet which is capable of maintaining compartment temperatures warmer than 32°F (0°C)
and colder than 39°F (3.9° C) and is not a cooler compartment. However, it may include a
compartment of 0.50 cubic-foot capacity (14.2 liters) or less for the freezing and storage of ice.

Anti-Sweat Heater
A device incorporated into the design of a Consumer Refrigeration Product to prevent the
accumulation of moisture on the exterior or interior surfaces of the cabinet. This heater may be
switchable from fully-on to fully-off or to some condition of operation in-between.

Automatic Icemaker
A device that can be supplied with water without user intervention, either from a pressurized water
supply system or by transfer from a water reservoir located inside the cabinet, that automatically
produces, harvests, and stores ice in a storage bin, with means to automatically interrupt the
harvesting operation when the ice storage bin is filled to a pre-determined level.

Harvest
The process of freeing or removing ice pieces from an icemaker.

Baffle
A plate, wall or partition which is designed to perform one or more of the following functions:
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a) prevent contact of contents with refrigerated surfaces;
b) prevent dripping of condensate;
c) regulate and/or direct circulation of refrigerated air.

Chiller or Drip Tray

A tray or drawer, which is located beneath the refrigerated surfaces of a manual defrosting
Consumer Refrigeration Product for cooling items and/or collecting water during defrost. It may
also serve as a baffle to regulate compartment temperature.

Compartment
Enclosed space within a refrigerating appliance, which is directly accessible through one or more
external doors, which may itself be divided into sub-compartments
NOTE: Throughout this standard, unless specified otherwise, “compartment” shall be taken to
mean compartment and/or sub-compartment as appropriate for the context.

Cooler Compartment
Compartments that are capable of maintaining compartment temperatures either (a) no
colder than 39°F (3.9°C), or (b) in a range that extends no colder than 37 °F (2.8°C) but
at least as warm as 60 °F (15.6°C).

Freezer Compartment
Compartments that are capable of maintaining temperatures colder than 0°F (-17.8°C)
for refrigerator-freezers or freezers, or colder than 15oF (-9.4oC) in refrigerators or
cooler-refrigerators. Sub-compartments operating at average temperatures colder than
0°F (-17.8°C) shall be considered part of the freezer compartment.

Fresh Food Compartment

Compartments that are capable of maintaining an average temperature warmer than
32°F (0°C) and colder than 39°F (3.9°C). Sub-compartments operating at average
temperatures warmer than 0°F (-17.8°C) (or 15°F (-9.4°C) for refrigerators or cooler-
refrigerators) shall be considered part of the fresh food compartment.

Sub-Compartment
Enclosed space within a compartment which may have a different operating temperature
from the compartment within which it is located.

Compressor Cycle
A compressor cycle is a complete “on” and a complete “off” period of the motor.

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Compressor Cycle Pattern:
A compressor cycle pattern is made up of two or more complete "on" and "off" periods of the
motor, when a uniform repeating sequence of complete "on" and "off" periods occur. Within the
pattern, one or more compressor cycle(s) will vary in its’ duration relative to the other cycle(s).

Cycle
The period of 24 hours for which the energy use is calculated as though the consumer activated
compartment temperature controls were set so that the standardized compartment
temperatures were maintained.

Defrost cycle
Total time during which the refrigeration system is interrupted to remove the frost from the
evaporator, including any precooling and recovery.

Precooling
Precooling means operating a refrigeration system before initiation of a defrost cycle to
reduce one or more compartment temperatures significantly (more than 0.5°F (0.9°C))
below its minimum during stable operation between defrosts

Recovery
Recovery means operating a refrigeration system after the conclusion of a defrost cycle
to reduce the temperature of one or more compartments to the temperature range that
the compartment(s) exhibited during stable operation between defrosts.

Defrost Cycle Type

A distinct sequence of control whose function is to remove frost and/or ice from a refrigerated
surface. There may be variations in the defrost control sequence, such as the number of defrost
heaters energized. Each such variation establishes a separate, distinct defrost cycle type.
However, defrost achieved regularly during the compressor off-cycles by warming of the
evaporator without active heat addition, although a form of automatic defrost, does not constitute
a unique defrost cycle type for the purposes of identifying the test period in accordance with
section 5 of this standard.

Defrost System
A means to remove frost and/or ice from the refrigerated surfaces. Types of defrost systems that
apply to Consumer Refrigeration Products are defined in Sections 3.14.1 through 3.14.4 below.

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Manual Defrost
A system in which defrosting of the refrigerated surface is accomplished by natural or
manual means with manual initiation and manual or automatic termination of the overall
defrost operation.

Automatic Defrost
A system in which the defrost cycle is automatically initiated and terminated, with
resumption of normal refrigeration at the conclusion of the defrost operation. The system
automatically prevents the permanent formation of frost on all refrigerated surfaces.
Defrost achieved regularly during the compressor off-cycles by warming of the evaporator
without active heat addition is a form of automatic defrost. The defrost water is disposed
of automatically.

Partial Automatic Defrost

A system in which the refrigerated surfaces of the freezer compartment are defrosted
manually and the refrigerated surfaces of the fresh food compartment are defrosted
automatically. Defrost water from the fresh food compartment is disposed of
automatically or collected in a container for subsequent manual removal.

Long-Time Automatic Defrost

An automatic defrost system where successive defrost cycles are separated by 14 hours
or more of compressor-operating time.

Drain Trap
A curve or lowered section of the drain tube that is filled with water to prevent air from entering
the cabinet.

Fan Scroll
Swept volume of the fan blade.

Freezer
A cabinet capable of maintaining temperatures of 0°F (-17.8°C) or colder.

Chest Freezer
A freezer, which is accessible from the top.

Upright Freezer
A freezer, which is accessible from the front

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Ice Tray
A container that holds water while it turns to ice to be manually harvested.

Ice Storage Bin

A container in which ice can be stored.

Liner
The enclosure forming the interior of any compartment(s). The complete liner comprises the
compartment liner in the cabinet, the exposed breaker strip surfaces and the door liner(s).

Miscellaneous Refrigeration Product

A Consumer Refrigeration Product other than a refrigerator, refrigerator-freezer, or freezer,
which includes coolers and combination cooler refrigeration products.

Cooler
A cabinet solely consisting of one or more cooler compartments.

Cooler-Refrigerator
A cabinet that consists of at least one cooler compartment, which without the cooler
compartment(s) would be considered a refrigerator.

Cooler-All-Refrigerator
A cabinet that consists of at least one cooler compartment, which without the cooler
compartment would be considered an all-refrigerator.

Cooler-Refrigerator-Freezer
A cabinet that consists of at least one cooler compartment, which without the cooler
compartment(s) would be considered a refrigerator-freezer.

Cooler-Freezer
A cabinet that consists of at least one cooler compartment, which without the cooler
compartment(s) would be considered a freezer.

Multiple-compressor Product
A Consumer Refrigeration Product with more than one compressor.

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Quick Cool
An optional feature on Consumer Refrigeration Products that is initiated manually. It bypasses
the thermostat control and places the compressor in an extended run time operating condition. It
operates continually until the feature is terminated either manually or automatically.

Refrigerator
A cabinet which is capable of maintaining compartment temperatures warmer than 32F (0C) and
colder than 39°F (3.9°C). It must not include any compartments capable of maintaining
compartment temperatures of 0 °F (−17.8 °C) or below, or any cooler compartments.

Refrigerator-Freezer
A cabinet which consists of two or more compartments, with at least one of the compartments
capable of maintaining compartment temperatures colder than 39°F (3.9°C) and is not capable
of maintaining compartment temperatures of 0°F (−17.8°C) or below, and with at least one other
compartment capable of maintaining compartment temperatures of 0°F (-17.8°C) or below. It
must not include any cooler compartment.

Shelf
Any generally horizontal surface within a compartment, which is provided for storage.

Standard Cycle
The cycle type in which the anti-sweat heater control, when provided, is set in the highest energy
consuming position.

Stable/Steady State Condition

Stable/steady state conditions exist if the average temperatures in each measured
compartment taken at 1 minute intervals, or less, are not changing at a rate greater than 0.042°F
(0.023°C) per hour as determined by the applicable condition of (a) or (b) below.
a) The average of the measurements during a 2-hour period if no cycling occurs or during a
number of complete repetitive compressor cycles through a period of no less than 2
hours is compared to the average over an equivalent time period with at least 3 hours
elapsed between the two measurement periods. No portion of defrost cycle, such as
precooling or recovery shall be included. If less than two compressor cycles occur
during a 24-hour period, then a single complete compressor cycle may be used.
b) If defrost controls are operative during the test and (a) above cannot be used, the average
of the measurements during a number of complete repetitive compressor cycles through
a period of no less than 2 hours and including the last complete cycle prior to a defrost
cycle, or if no cycling occurs, the average of the measurements during the last 2 hours
prior to a defrost cycle is compared to the same averaging period prior to the following
defrost cycle.

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c) For multiple compressor products, the test shall start after a minimum 24 hour
stabilization run for each temperature control setting or when the conditions of (a) are met.
NOTE: The data used to verify stable/steady state conditions, shall be used as data for part
one of the variable defrost control test or as the non-automatic defrost test period.

Variable Anti-sweat Heater Control

An anti-sweat heater control that varies the average power input of the anti-sweat heater(s)
based on operating condition variable(s) and/or ambient condition variable(s).

Variable Defrost Control

An automatic defrost system) where successive defrost cycles are determined by an operating
condition variable or variables other than solely compressor operating time. This includes any
electrical or mechanical device.
A control scheme that changes the defrost interval from a fixed length to an extended length
(without any intermediate steps) is not a variable defrost control. Therefore, the times between
defrost shall vary with different usage patterns and include a continuum of lengths of time between
defrosts as inputs vary.

Volume
Fresh Food Compartment Volume
The refrigerated volume of the fresh food compartment(s)

Freezer Compartment Volume

The refrigerated volume of the freezer compartment(s)

Cooler Compartment Volume

The refrigerated volume of the cooler compartment(s)

Total Volume
The sum of the volumes of the fresh food compartments, the freezer compartments, and
the cooler compartments.

4 METHOD FOR COMPUTING REFRIGERATED VOLUME OF CONSUMER

REFRIGERATION PRODUCTS

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Scope
This section describes methods for computing total volume of Consumer Refrigeration Products.
These methods provide a means of measuring the volume that must be refrigerated for the
purpose of energy calculation and labeling.

Total volume
Volume measurements
The fresh food compartment, freezer compartment, and cooler compartment volume
shall be recorded to the nearest 0.01 cubic feet (nearest 0.1 liter).
The total volume shall be recorded to the nearest 0.1 cubic feet (nearest 1.0 liter).

Determination of volume
The volume shall take into account the exact shapes of the insulated walls including all
depressions or projections. For through-the-door ice and water dispensers, the ice chute
will be included or not included as determined in Figures 4-2 and 4-3
When determining volume, internal fittings such as shelves, removable partitions,
containers, automatic ice makers, interior light housings and the enclosed volume of air
ducts that solely supply air to sub-compartments that do not require temperature
measurements, shall not be deducted.
Volumes of the item listed below shall be deducted:
 The enclosed volume of control housings.
 The enclosed volume of the evaporator space (see section 4.2.3).
 The enclosed volume of air ducts that supply air to fresh food, freezer, and cooler
compartments.

Volume of evaporator space

(a) In the case of a forced air evaporator, the total volume of and behind the evaporator
cover including volume occupied by the evaporator, evaporator fan and the fan scroll
is considered part of the evaporator space.
(b) In the case of plate style (or roll-bond) evaporators, the volume behind vertically
installed plate style evaporators and the volume above horizontally installed plate style
evaporators (if the distance between the horizontal plate style evaporator and the
nearest above liner surface is less than 2 inches (50 mm)) is considered part of the
evaporator space. Removable drip trays/troughs shall be considered as not present
and shall not be deducted.
(c) In the case of refrigerant filled shelving, the volume above the uppermost shelf and
below the lowermost shelf, (if the distance between the shelf and the nearest
horizontal plane of the compartment inner wall is less than 2 inches (50 mm)) is
considered part of the evaporator space. All other refrigerated shelves are considered
as not present and shall not be deducted.

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Legend for Figures 4-1 through 4-3
Figures 4-1 through 4-3 show typical configurations and are not intended to cover all design
variations. A combination of components from the various figures may be used for other designs.
These figures graphically support procedures for determination of volume described in Sections
4.2.2 and 4.2.3.

Deduct the volume behind the Evaporator

Cover

Deduct the volume of the Evaporator

Cover

Deduct the enclosed volume of air duct

Deduct the enclosed volume occupied

by Control Housing

Figure 4-1: This view is an example of a basic model but shall apply to all model
configurations

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Through-the-door dispenser with no
Plug or Cover over the Ice Chute
Through-the-door dispenser with
Plug or Cover over the Ice Chute

Figure 4-3:

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5 METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF CONSUMER
REFRIGERATION PRODUCTS

Scope
This section describes a standard method for determining the electrical energy consumption for
Consumer Refrigeration Products.

Purpose
The purpose of this test method is to establish a uniform and repeatable procedure for determining
energy consumption.

Test Conditions
Ambient Temperature
For a product height greater than 36 inches (91.5 cm) the ambient temperature shall be
recorded at points located 3 feet (91.5 cm) above the floor or platform and 10 inches (25.4
cm) from the center of the two sides of the UUT. For a product height of 36 inches (91.5
cm) or less the ambient temperature shall be recorded at points located at a distance of
the product height divided by two above the floor or platform and 10 inches (25.4 cm) from
the center of the two sides of the UUT. The ambient temperature shall be 90.0 ± 1.0 °F
(32.2 ± 0.6 °C) during the test period.
The test room vertical ambient temperature gradient in any foot of vertical distance from
2 inches (5.1 cm) above the floor or supporting platform to a height of 1 foot (30.5 cm)
above the top of the UUT is not to exceed 0.5 °F per foot (0.9 °C per meter). The vertical
ambient temperature gradient at locations 10 inches (25.4 cm) from the centers of the two
sides of the unit being tested is to be maintained during the test. To demonstrate that this
requirement has been met, test data shall include measurements taken using three
temperature sensors on each side at the following locations:
 at 2 inch (5.1 cm) above platform and 10 inches (25.4 cm) from the center of the
two sides of the UUT;
 at the ambient location described above; and,
 at a height of 1 foot above the unit and 10 inches (25.4 cm) from the center of the
two sides of the UUT.
The unit shall be located on a solid surface. If a platform is used, it is to have a solid top
with all sides open for air circulation underneath, and its top shall extend at least 1 foot
(30.5 cm) beyond each side and front of the cabinet and extend to the wall in the rear. A
test chamber floor that allows for airflow (e.g., through a vent or holes) is considered a
platform, and the airflow must not be within 1 foot (30.5 cm) of the base of the test unit.
This platform must be used if the floor temperature is not within 3°F (1.7°C) of the specified
ambient temperature. Floor temperature must be verified on an annual basis if a platform
is not used under the unit.
Temperature measuring devices shall be shielded so that indicated temperatures are not
affected by the operation of the UUT or adjacent units.

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Ambient Relative Humidity
The ambient relative humidity does not need to be controlled.

Air Circulation
The UUT shall be shielded from forced air currents having a velocity of more than 50
feet/minute (0.254 m/second). At a minimum, measurements shall be taken at a height of
36 inches (91.5 cm) from the floor and 10 inches (25.4 cm) from the centers of the two
sides of the UUT. Air circulation shall be verified at least annually.

Radiation
Shields shall be provided to prevent direct radiation from or to any heated or cooled
surfaces whose temperature differs from the air temperature by more than 10°F (5.6°C).

Instruments
Temperature
Temperature readings shall be accurate to ± 0.5°F (± 0.3°C).

Electrical
Electrical measurements shall be recorded with the following instruments or their
equivalents:
(1) Watt-hour meters. Instruments shall have a resolution of 0.001 kWh or better.
(2) Voltmeters. The resolution shall be 0.1 V or better.
Instruments used for measuring voltage and energy shall be accurate to within ± 0.5% of
the quantity measured.

Time
Time measurements shall be accurate to within 1 minute/24 hours.

General Test Requirements

For each test, the UUT shall be operated at the specified test conditions until stable/steady state
condition.

Power Supply
The electrical power supply shall be 115 ± 1 V, 60 Hz at the product service connection.
The actual voltage shall be maintained and recorded throughout the test. Instantaneous
voltage fluctuations caused by the turning on or off of electrical components shall not be
considered.
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Test Set-up
The UUT with its refrigerating mechanism shall be assembled and set up as nearly as
practical in accordance with the printed instructions supplied with the UUT. All packing
materials and skid boards shall be removed. The UUT ,shall be given a "run-in" period of
no less than 12 hours of compressor run time before running the energy test. The "run-in"
may be made at any convenient room temperature. The product does not need to be
anchored or otherwise secured to prevent tipping during energy testing.
Set up shall be to the following conditions

a) Chiller or drip trays shall be in their proper places during all tests.
b) Containers, covers, and shelves shall not be removed unless specified. Shelves and
door bins shall be evenly spaced throughout the compartment unless otherwise
specified in the manufacturer’s instructions.
c) Baffles shall be open unless otherwise specified in the manufacturer's instructions.
d) Ice trays and ice buckets related to non-automatic ice making shall be removed from
the freezer section. Ice storage bins of automatic ice makers shall remain in place.
e) Storage baskets in chest type freezers shall be removed if they are removable
without the use of tools.
f) Movable subdividing barriers that separate compartments, shall be placed in the
median position. If such a subdividing barrier has an even number of positions, the
near-median position representing the smallest volume of the warmer compartment(s)
shall be used.
g) Cabinet doors shall be kept closed during all tests
h) Outer door gaskets shall be checked for adequacy of the seal and adjusted, if required.
i) Leads from all measuring devices shall be brought outside of the cabinet in such a
manner as to prevent air leakage.
j) Automatic icemakers shall be inoperative during the energy test. Only devices or
components directly associated with the harvesting of ice shall be inoperative during
the energy test. All components not explicitly associated with the harvesting of ice
must be operative during the energy test and shall be energized in a manner
necessary to perform their respective functions. Turning off the ice maker for the
purposes of the energy test shall only stop the further harvesting of ice. Thus, an ice
maker is inoperative when the ice maker has interrupted the harvesting operation,
such as when the unit senses that the bin is filled to a predetermined amount.
k) Connection of water lines and installation of water filters are not required.
l) Ice storage bins shall be emptied of ice.
m) All the product's chutes and throats required for the delivery of ice shall be free of
packing, covers, or other blockages that may be fitted for shipping or when the
icemaker is not in use;
n) Any operational mode which reduces energy usage during energy consumption testing
and not during normal usage shall be disabled for energy consumption testing.

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o) Customer accessible features not required for maintaining temperature in the
refrigerator and/or freezer compartments, which are electrically powered, manually
initiated, and manually terminated, shall be set at their lowest energy usage positions
when adjustment is provided.
p) Features that are required to maintain temperature, which are electrically powered,
manually initiated, and automatically terminated within 168 hours shall be operated at
their lowest energy usage position.
q) The quick cool option shall be switched off.
r) Units shipped with communication devices, shall be tested with the communication
device on, but not connected to any communication network
s) Compartments that are convertible (e.g., from fresh food to freezer) shall be
operated in the highest energy use position.
t) Sub-compartments with a temperature control shall be tested with controls set to
provide the coldest temperature. However, for sub-compartments in which
temperature control is achieved using the addition of heat (such as but not limited to
resistive electric heating, refrigeration system waste heat, or heat from any other
source, but excluding the transfer of air from another part of the interior of the
product) for any part of the controllable temperature range of that compartment, the
product energy use shall be determined by averaging two sets of tests. The first set
of tests shall be conducted with such sub-compartments at their coldest settings,
and the second set of tests shall be conducted with such sub-compartments at their
warmest settings. The requirements for the warmest or coldest temperature settings
of this section do not apply to features or functions associated with temperature
control that are initiated manually and terminated automatically within 168 hours.
u) Defrost controls shall be operative for all tests.
v) If equipped with a drain trap, fill the trap with water.
w) The evaporator in manual defrost models need not be defrosted prior to each test
unless frost accumulation exceeds ¼ inch (6 mm) in average thickness. Chiller or
drip tray and interior of the UUT shall be dried prior to start of test after evaporator
has been manually defrosted.
x) Tests shall be run with the manual anti-sweat heater switch in the highest and lowest
energy use positions for each temperature control setting if the product is shipped with
the switch in the lowest energy use position. Otherwise, it shall be run only in the
highest energy use position for each temperature control setting. Heaters used to
prevent internal or external moisture build-up, to keep gaskets pliable, to keep water
reservoirs or lines not directly related to ice production from freezing, or deemed as
necessary for the operation and reliability of the product shall be functioning during the
energy test, unless specifically excluded by the standard. In the case of a unit
equipped with variable anti-sweat heater control, the standard cycle energy use shall
be the result of the calculation described in section 5.9.6.

Rear Clearance
(a) General. The space between the lowest edge of the rear plane of the cabinet and a
vertical surface (the test room wall or simulated wall) shall be the minimum distance

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in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, unless other provisions of this
section apply. The rear plane shall be considered to be the largest flat surface at the
rear of the cabinet, excluding features that protrude beyond this surface, such as
brackets or compressors.
(b) Maximum clearance. The clearance shall not be greater than 2 inches (51 mm) from
the lowest edge of the rear plane to the vertical surface, unless the provisions of
paragraph (c) of this section apply.
(c) If permanent rear spacers or other components that protrude beyond the rear plane
extend further than the 2 inch (51 mm) distance, or if the highest edge of the rear plane
is in contact with the vertical surface when the unit is positioned with the lowest edge
of the rear plane at or further than the 2 inch (51 mm) distance from the vertical surface,
the appliance shall be located with the spacers or other components protruding beyond
the rear plane, or the highest edge of the rear plane, in contact with the vertical surface.
(d) Rear-mounted condensers. If the product has a flat rear-wall-mounted condenser (i.e.,
a rear-wall-mounted condenser with all refrigerant tube centerlines within 0.25 inches
(6.4 mm) of the condenser plane), and the area of the condenser plane represents at
least 25% of the total area of the rear wall of the cabinet, then the spacing to the
vertical surface may be measured from the lowest edge of the condenser plane

Load Conditions for freezers of Automatic Defrost products

There shall be no loads in the freezer compartments of automatic defrost freezers,
refrigerator-freezers, all-refrigerators and cooler-refrigerators.

Temperature Sensors
With the exception of temperatures measured in filled packages (Section 5.5.6.3),
temperatures shall be measured using weighted temperature sensors. Weighting shall be
a cylindrical brass or copper mass 1.12 ± 0.25 inches (2.9 ± 0.6 cm) in diameter and
height, in good thermal contact with each temperature sensor. All temperature measuring
sensors shall be centered in the mass, which shall be suspended in air or supported by
low-thermally conductive material in such a manner that there will be at least 1 inch (2.5
cm) of air space separating the thermal mass from contact with any surface. In case of
interference with any surface at the sensor locations specified in 5.8.1, place the sensors
at the nearest adjacent location such that there will be a 1 inch (2.5 cm) air space
separating the sensor mass from the surface.

Temperature Measurement

5.5.6.1 Fresh Food Compartment Temperature (refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers)

Temperatures shall be recorded at three locations as shown in Figure 5-1.
If the interior arrangements of the cabinet do not conform to those shown in Figure 5-1,
measurements shall be taken at selected locations chosen to approximately represent
the entire fresh food compartment. The locations selected shall be recorded.

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The recorded temperature at any given point shall be the average temperature at that
point during a cycle of operation with the temperatures being read at regular intervals
not exceeding 1 minute.

5.5.6.2 Freezer Compartment Temperature (Manual Defrost Refrigerator-Freezers and

Freezers)
Freezer compartment temperatures shall be measured at the geometric center of the
filled packages described below, with the packages located so the temperature
measurement stations approximate the locations shown in Figure 5-2.
Temperatures shall be measured by unweighted thermocouples, located in the
geometric center of packages, measuring approximately 5 × 4 × 1½ inches
(approximately 13 × 10 × 4 cm).
The packages shall be sealed and shall contain a liner or wrapper that makes them
moisture and vapor-proof. The packages shall be filled to a density of 35 ± 5 lbs per cubic
foot (560 ± 80 kg/m³) with hardwood sawdust that has been water-soaked or, alternately,
is an equivalent package of frozen food such as chopped spinach.
The freezer compartment shall be loaded with 75% of the maximum number of filled
packages that fit into the compartment. The number of packages comprising the 75%
load shall be determined by filling the compartment completely with the packages that
are to be used for the test, such that the packages fill as much of the usable refrigerated
space within the compartment as is physically possible, and then removing from the
compartment a number of packages so that the compartment contains 75% of the
packages that were placed in the compartment to completely fill it. If multiplying the total
number of packages by 0.75 results in a fraction, the number of packages used shall be
rounded to the nearest whole number, rounding up if the result ends in 0.5. For multi-
shelf units, this method shall be applied to each shelf. For both single- and multi-shelf
units, the remaining packages shall be arranged as necessary to provide the required
air gap and thermocouple placement. The number of packages comprising the 100%
and 75% loading conditions shall be recorded in the test data. The 75% load shall be fit
into the compartment(s) so as to permit air circulation around and above the load.
The air gap around the freezer compartment load shall be ½ to 1½ inches (1.5 to 4 cm)
with the packages in a pyramid or tiered form if necessary to properly locate the
thermocouples. Packages shall rest on the bottom of the liner or on top of a trivet if
furnished.
NOTE 1: In order to keep packages from shifting and destroying the air gap, a wire grid
with small, non-thermally conductive spacers for contact with freezer liner may be used.
NOTE 2: In order to keep the packages from shifting during test, a paper or similar
material may be inserted between the layers of the packages.
Each shelf of freezers and freezer sections of combination refrigerator-freezers,
where applicable, shall be loaded to 75% of its capacity in pyramid or tiered form, as
necessary, for the proper location of the thermocoupled frozen food package.
Freezer door shelves shall be loaded with the maximum number of filled packages that
can be retained on each shelf without added restraints.
If the interior arrangements of the freezer compartment shelves do not conform with
those shown in Figure 5-2, measurements shall be taken at locations selected to
represent the intent of the standard. The locations selected shall be recorded. The

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recorded temperature at any given point during a cycle of operation with the temperature
being read at regular intervals not exceeding 1 minute.

5.5.6.3 Cooler compartment Temperature (Miscellaneous Refrigeration Products)

Temperatures shall be recorded as in Section 5.5.6.1.

5.5.6.4 Freezer Compartment Temperature (Automatic Defrost Freezer)

Temperatures shall be recorded at three or five locations as shown by Figure 5-2.
If the interior arrangements of the cabinet do not conform to those shown in Figure 5-2,
measurements shall be taken at selected locations chosen to approximately represent
the entire freezer compartment, the locations being recorded.
The recorded temperature shall be the average temperature at that point during a cycle
of the operation with the temperatures being read at regular intervals not exceeding 1
minute.

5.5.6.5 Ice Storage Compartment Temperature

Place weighted thermocouple in the geometric center of the ice storage compartment.
Move the thermocouple from that position as necessary to maintain 1 inch clearance
between sensors and nearest surface.

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•
NOTE: If the Compartment volume is less than 2 cubic feet (0.06 cubic meter), then a single thermocouple shall be located
at the geometric center of the Compartment.

Figure 5-1: Thermocouple Locations for Determination of Fresh

Food/Cooler Compartment Temperatures

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TYPE 1 TYPE 2 TYPE 2A

T1 T2 T4 T1 T2 T5 T1 T2
D D D
T3 T3 T5 T3 T4
D/2 D/2 D/2

PLAN PLAN MACHINE PLAN

COMPARTMENT

T1 T1 T5 T5 T1
H/2 H/2
1¼" 1¼" T2
T2
H H H
T2 W/4 W/4 W/4
¾" W/4 W/4 W/4 ¾"
H/2 T3 T3 T4
T4 T3

W/2 W > 36" W > 36"

W = OR < 36" ELEVATION ELEVATION
ELEVATION

TYPE 3 TYPE 4
2½" PLATES 2½"

3" T1
T7
T1 T2 T4 T5 T4 T5
D D
T3 T6 T2 T3 T6 T8 T9
D/2 D/2

PLAN 2½" PLAN 2½"

T1 T4 T1 1¼" T4 T7 1¼"
¾" H 2 H1 H/2
T2 1¼"
T3
T2 T5 T8
H
T5
W2 /2
H1/2 ¾" ¾"
W1 /2 W2 /2 W3 /2
T6 T3 T6 T9

W1 /2
W1 W2 W3
W2 W1
ELEVATION ELEVATION

Type 1, 2 and 3 Chest Freezer (lift cover) with refrigerated walls

Type 4 Chest Freezer (lift cover) with refrigerated walls
Type 5 Vertical Freezer (front door/drawer) with refrigerated shelves (door/drawer located at left)
Type 6 Evaporator or freezer Compartment of refrigerators (except All-Refrigerators) or Vertical Freezers (front
door/drawer) with refrigerated walls or with concealed evaporator (door/drawer located at left)

Figure 5-2: Thermocouple Locations for Determination of Freezer

Compartment Temperatures

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TYPE 5 TYPE 6
NOTE:
H = height
W = width
D = depth
W/2 W/2

T3* T2 T1 WHEN H < 36"

W W
T3* T2 T1 T5* T2 T1 WHEN H > 36"
6 5 4 3
9 8 7 4
12 11 10

PLAN PLAN
2½" from back of liner 2½" from back of liner
Gasket sealing
surface H4 /2 T T1
1
H4 1¼" H/4 1¼"
T3* T2 Back of liner

T2
¾" H3 /2
H3 T4
T6* 1¼"
T5
H > 36" USE FIVE
THERMOCOUPLES
¾" H 2 /2 T3 T2
H2 T7 H < 36" USE THREE
T9* T8 1¼" THERMOCOUPLES

¾" H1 /2 H/2
T10
1¼" T4
H1 Gasket sealing
T11 surface H/4
T12* T3*
Back of liner T5*

¾" 2½" from gasket sealing ¾" 2½" from gasket sealing
D/2 surface D/2 surface
D D
SIDE ELEVATION SIDE ELEVATION

* If a projection on the inner door interferes with these thermocouple locations, move them rearward to clear the projection.
 For types 1, 2, 3 and 4; the height dimension shall be measured from the bottom of the liner (or from the top of a trivet,
if furnished) to a plane defining the gasket sealing surface.
 For types 5 and 6; the height dimension shall be measured from the bottom of the liner (or from the top of a trivet, if
furnished).
 For types 5 and 6; the depth dimension shall be measured from the back of the liner to a plane defining the gasket
sealing surface.
 For type 5; non-refrigerated shelves are treated as if they were not there.
 For type 6, in case of evaporator or freezer Compartment of refrigerators (except all-refrigerators), the width, height
and depth dimensions shall be measured in the same manner as refrigerated volume computation described in Section
4.
 For type 6; automatic defrost freezers T1, T3, and T5 should allow 1 inch (2.54 cm) air space between sensors and
nearest surface.
Note:
 For load tests, the thermocouple location designates the approximate geometric center of a 5 × 4 × 1 ½ inch
(approximately 13 × 10 × 4 cm) frozen food package.
 If the Compartment volume is less than 2 cubic feet (0.06 cubic meter), then a single thermocouple shall be located at
the geometric center of the Compartment.

Figure 5-2 (continued) — Thermocouple Locations for Determination of Freezer

Compartment Temperatures

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Temperature Control Settings
Testing shall be performed in accordance with one of the following sections using the appropriate
standardized reference temperatures:
 All-refrigerator 39°F (3.9°C) fresh food compartment temperature.
 Refrigerator 39°F (3.9°C) fresh food compartment temperature and 15°F (-9.4°C)
freezer Compartment temperature.
 Refrigerator-freezer 39°F (3.9°C) fresh food compartment temperature and 0°F (-
17.8°C) freezer compartment temperature.
 Freezer 0°F (-17.8°C).
 Miscellaneous refrigeration products 55°F (12.8°C) cooler compartment
temperature.

Model with No User Operable Temperature Control

Compartment temperature and energy consumption shall be measured:
(1) with the temperature control operating; and
(2) If the temperature with the control operating is warmer than the standardized
reference temperature with the temperature control electrically short-circuited to
cause the compressor to run continuously. If the model has the quick cool option,
it shall be used to bypass the temperature control.

Model with User Operable Temperature Control

5.6.2.1 For mechanical control systems, (a) knob detents shall be mechanically defeated if
necessary to attain a median setting, and (b) the warmest and coldest settings shall
correspond to the positions in which the indicator is aligned with control symbols
indicating the warmest and coldest settings. For electronic control systems, the test shall
be performed with all compartment temperature controls set at the average of the coldest
and warmest settings; if there is no setting equal to this average, the setting closest to
the average shall be used. If there are two such settings equally close to the average,
the higher of these temperature control settings shall be used.

5.6.2.2 Perform the following two tests:

(1) A first test shall be performed with all compartment temperature controls set at
their median position midway between their warmest and coldest settings. For
mechanical control systems, knob detents shall be mechanically defeated if
necessary to attain a median setting. For electronic control systems, the test shall
be performed with all compartment temperature controls set at the average of the
coldest and warmest settings—if there is no setting equal to this average, the
setting closest to the average shall be used. If there are two such settings equally
close to the average, the higher of these temperature control settings shall be
used.
(2) A second test shall be performed with all controls set at their warmest setting or all
controls set at their coldest setting (not electrically or mechanically bypassed). This
setting shall be the appropriate setting that attempts to achieve compartment
temperatures measured during the two tests which bound (i.e., one is warmer than

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and one is colder than) the standardized reference temperature. Refer to Table 5-
1 for all configurations to determine which test results to use in the energy
consumption calculation. If any compartment is warmer than its standardized
temperature for a test with all controls at their coldest position, the tested unit
cannot be rated.

TABLE 5-1: TEMPERATURE SETTINGS: GENERAL CHART FOR ALL PRODUCTS

Energy
calculation
First test Second test based on:

Setting Results Setting Results

all compartments all compartments

Mid for all Warmest for all Second Test
below standard below standard
Compartments Compartments Only
reference temperature reference temperature

One or more
compartments above First and
standard reference Second Test
temperature

One or more all compartments

compartments above Coldest for all below standard First and
standard reference Compartments reference temperature Second Test
temperature

One or more
compartments above No Energy
standard reference Use Rating
temperature

(3) Alternatively, a first test may be performed with all temperature controls set at their
warmest setting. If all compartment temperatures are below the appropriate
standardized temperatures, then the result of this test alone will be used to
determine energy consumption. If this condition is not met, then the unit shall be
tested in accordance with 5.6.2 (1) & (2).

Temperature Settings for convertible Compartments:

(1) For convertible compartments tested as freezer compartments, the median setting
shall be within 2°F (1.1°C) of the standardized reference temperature, and the
warmest setting shall be above 5°F (−15°C) or warmest freezer setting (whichever is
coldest).
(2) For convertible compartments tested as fresh food compartments, the median
setting shall be within 2°F (1.1°C) of the standardized reference temperature, the

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coldest setting shall be lower than 34°F (1.1°C) or the coldest fresh food setting
(whichever is warmest) and the warmest setting shall be above 44°F (6.7°C) or
warmest fresh food setting (whichever is coldest).
(3) For convertible compartments tested as cooler compartments, the median setting
shall be within 2°F (1.1°C) of 55°F (12.8°C), and the coldest setting shall be lower than
50°F (10.0°C) or the coldest cooler setting (whichever is warmer).
(4) For compartments where control settings are not expressed as particular
temperatures, the measured temperature of the convertible compartment rather than
the settings shall meet the specified criteria.
(5) For Compartments where control settings are not expressed as particular
temperatures, the measured temperature of the convertible compartment rather than
the settings shall meet the specified criteria.
(6) Optional Test for Models with two compartments and user operable controls: as an
alternative to section 5.6, perform three tests such that the set of tests meets the
“minimum requirements for interpolation” of AS/NZS 4474.1:2007 appendix M, section
M3, paragraphs (a) through (c) and as illustrated in Figure M1. The target
temperatures txA and txB defined in section M4(a)(i) of AS/NZS 4474.1:2007 shall be
the standardized temperatures defined in section 5.6.

Test Period
Perform tests by establishing the conditions set forth in Section 5.3, and using control settings as
set forth in 5.6 above.

Non-Automatic Defrost
The test period shall be the time period used to verify stable/steady state conditions, as
specified in section 3.28(a).

Automatic Defrost
If the model being tested has an automatic defrost system, the test time period shall be
started after stable/steady state conditions have been achieved, and shall be from one
point during a defrost cycle to the same point during the next defrost cycle. If the model
being tested has a long-time automatic defrost system, the alternative provisions of
section 5.7.2.1 may be used. If the model being tested has a variable defrost control,
the provisions of section 5.7.2.2 shall apply. If the model is a multiple-compressor
product with automatic defrost, the provisions of section 5.7.2.4 shall apply. If the model
being tested has long-time automatic or variable defrost control involving multiple
defrost cycle types, such as for a product with a single compressor and two or more
evaporators in which the evaporators are defrosted at different frequencies, the provisions
of section 5.7.2.3 shall apply. If the model being tested has multiple defrost cycle types
for which compressor run time between defrosts is a fixed time of less than 14 hours for
all such cycle types, and for which the compressor run times between defrosts for different
defrost cycle types are equal to or multiples of each other, the test period shall be from
one point of the defrost cycle type with the longest compressor run time between defrosts
to the same point during the next occurrence of this defrost cycle type. For such products

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not using the procedures of section 5.7.2.3, energy consumption shall be calculated as
described in section 5.8.2.1.1.

5.7.2.1 Long-Time Automatic Defrost

5.7.2.1.1 If steady state conditions were verified per section 3.28(a), the two part method may
be used. The first part is the steady state verification period. The second part is
designed to capture the energy consumed during all of the events occurring with the
defrost control sequence that are outside of stable operation.

5.7.2.1.2 If steady state conditions were verified per section 3.28(b), the test period shall be from
one point of the defrost cycle type with the longest compressor run time between
defrosts to the same point during the next occurrence of this defrost cycle type.

5.7.2.1.3 Part 2 for a Cycling Compressor System: For a system with a cycling compressor, the
second part of the test starts at the termination of the last regular compressor “on”
cycle. The average temperatures of the fresh food compartment, freezer compartment
and cooler compartment measured from the termination of the previous compressor
“on” cycle to the termination of the last regular compressor “on” cycle must both be
within 0.5°F (0.3°C) of their average temperatures measured for the first part of the
test. If any compressor cycles occur prior to the defrost heater being energized that
cause the average temperature in either compartment to deviate from its average
temperature for the first part of the test by more than 0.5°F (0.3°C), these compressor
cycles are not considered regular compressor cycles and must be included in the
second part of the test. As an example, a “precooling” cycle, which is an extended
compressor cycle that lowers the temperature(s) of one or both compartments prior to
energizing the defrost heater, must be included in the second part of the test. The test
period for the second part of the test ends at the termination of the first regular
compressor “on” cycle after both compartment temperatures have fully recovered to
their stable conditions. The average temperatures of the compartments measured from
this termination of the first regular compressor “on” cycle until the termination of the
next regular compressor “on” cycle must both be within 0.5°F (0.3°C) of their average
temperatures measured for the first part of the test. See Figure 5-3. Note that Figure
5-3 illustrates the concepts of precooling and recovery but does not represent all
possible defrost cycles.

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Fig 5-3

5.7.2.1.4 For systems with non-uniform cycling compressors: when using a compressor cycle
pattern to establish cycle A, cycle B and the first part of the test, the compressor cycle
pattern shall be the same for all (See figure 5-4). The compressor cycle pattern used
to establish the first part of the test must include at least one whole repeating sequence
or as many as necessary to meet the requirements in 3.28 (a).

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5.7.2.1.5 Part 2 for a Non-cycling Compressor System: For a system with a non-cycling
compressor, the second part of the test starts at a time before defrost during stable
operation when the temperatures of both fresh food compartment and freezer
compartments are within 0.5 °F (0.3 °C) of their average temperatures measured for
the first part of the test. The second part stops at a time after defrost during stable
operation when the temperatures of both compartments are within 0.5 °F (0.3 °C) of
their average temperatures measured for the first part of the test. See Figure 5-5.

Fig 5-5

5.7.2.2 Variable Defrost Control: If the model being tested has a variable defrost control
system, the test shall consist of the same two parts as the test for long-time automatic
defrost (Section 5.7.2.1).

5.7.2.3 Systems with Multiple Defrost Frequencies: This section applies to models with long-
time automatic or variable defrost control with multiple defrost cycle types, such as
models with single compressors and multiple evaporators in which the evaporators have

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different defrost frequencies. The two-part method in 5.7.2.1 shall be used. The second
part of the method will be conducted separately for each distinct defrost cycle type.

5.7.2.4 Multiple-compressor Products with Automatic Defrost

5.7.2.4.1 Measurement Frequency: Measurements of power input, cumulative electric energy

consumption (watt-hours or kilowatt-hours), and Compartment temperature shall be
taken at regular intervals not exceeding one minute.

5.7.2.4.2 Steady-state Condition: Steady state shall be considered to have been attained after
24 hours of operation after the last adjustment of the temperature controls.

5.7.2.4.3 Primary Compressor: If at least one compressor cycles, test periods shall be based on
compressor cycles associated with the primary compressor system (these are referred
to as “primary compressor cycles”). If the freezer compressor cycles, it shall be the
primary compressor system.

5.7.2.4.4 Test Periods: The two-part test described in this section shall be used. The first part is
a stable continuous period of compressor operation that includes no defrost cycles or
events associated with a defrost cycle, such as precooling or recovery, for any
compressor system. The second part is a continuous test period designed to capture
the energy consumed during all of the events occurring with the defrost control
sequence that are outside of stable operation. The second part of the test shall be
conducted separately for each automatic defrost system present.
a) First Part of Test:
If at least one compressor cycles, the test period for the first part of the test shall
include a whole number of complete primary compressor cycles comprising
at least 24 hours of stable operation, unless a defrost occurs prior to completion
of 24 hours of stable operation, in which case the first part of the test shall
include a whole number of complete primary compressor cycles comprising
at least 18 hours of stable operation. If no compressor cycles, the first part of
the test shall comprise at least 24 hours of stable operation, unless a defrost
occurs prior to completion of 24 hours of stable operation, in which case the first
part of the test shall comprise at least 18 hours of stable operation.
b) Second Part of Test:
(i). If at least one compressor cycles, the test period for the second part of
the test starts during stable operation before all portions of the defrost
cycle, at the beginning of a complete primary compressor cycle. The
test period for the second part of the test ends during stable operation
after all portions of the defrost cycle, including recovery, at the
termination of a complete primary compressor cycle. The start and
stop for the test period shall both occur either when the primary
compressor starts or when the primary compressor stops. For each
compressor system, the compartment temperature averages for the
first and last complete compressor cycles that lie completely within the
second part of the test must be within 0.5°F (0.3°C) of the average
compartment temperature measured for the first part of the test. If any
one of the compressor systems is non-cycling, its compartment
temperature averages during the first and last complete primary

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compressor cycles of the second part of the test must be within 0.5°F
(0.3°C) of the average compartment temperature measured for the first
part of the test. If this criteria cannot be met, the test period shall
comprise at least 24 hours, unless a defrost occurs prior to completion
of 24 hours, in which case the test shall comprise at least 18 hours. The
test period shall start at the end of a regular freezer compressor on-
cycle after the previous defrost occurrence any compartment The test
period also includes the target defrost and following freezer
compressor cycles, ending at the end of a freezer compressor on-
cycle before the next defrost occurrence of any compartment
(ii). If no compressor cycles, the test period for the second part of the test
starts during stable operation before all portions of the defrost cycle,
when the compartment temperatures of all compressor systems are
within 0.5°F (0.3°C) of their average temperatures measured for the first
part of the test. The test period for the second part ends during stable
operation after all portions of the defrost cycle, including recovery,
when the compartment temperatures of all compressor systems are
within 0.5°F (0.3°C) of their average temperatures measured for the first
part of the test.

Test Measurements
Temperature Measurements.
Record temperature measurements at the locations prescribed in Figures 5-1 and 5-2.
Temperature measurements shall be accurate to within ± 0.5°F (0.3°C) of true value. No
freezer temperature measurements need be taken in an all-refrigerator or cooler-all-
refrigerator models.
For miscellaneous refrigeration products, refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers, if
the interior arrangements of the cabinet do not conform to those shown in Figure 5-1 and
Figure 5-2, measurements shall be taken at selected locations chosen to represent
approximately the entire refrigerated compartment. Each compartment shall have the
number of thermocouples specified in Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2. Record the locations
selected.

5.8.1.1 Measured Temperature.

The measured temperature of a compartment shall be the average of all sensor
temperature readings taken in that compartment at a particular time. Take
measurements at regular intervals not to exceed 1 minute.

5.8.1.2 Compartment Temperature.

5.8.1.2.1 The compartment temperature for each test period shall be an average of the
measured temperatures taken in a compartment during a complete cycle or several
complete cycles of the compressor motor (one compressor cycle is one complete motor
"on" and one complete motor "off" period).

5.8.1.2.2 For models using the two part method, compartment temperatures shall be those
measured in the first part of the test period specified in Section 5.7.2.4.4. Otherwise,

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compartment temperature shall be an average of the measured temperatures taken in
a compartment during a stable period of compressor operation that:
a) Includes no defrost cycles or events associated with a defrost cycle, such as
precooling or recovery;
b) Is no less than three hours in duration; and
c) Includes two or more whole compressor cycles. If the compressor does not
cycle, the stable period used for the temperature average shall be three hours
in duration.

5.8.1.2.3 If incomplete cycling occurs (less than one cycle), the compartment temperatures shall
be the average of the measured temperatures taken during the last 3 hours of the last
complete "on" period.

5.8.1.2.4 Fresh Food Compartment Temperature

The fresh food compartment temperature shall be calculated as:
∑𝑅𝑖=1(𝑇𝑅𝑖 ) × (𝑉𝑅𝑖 )
𝑇𝑅 =
∑𝑅𝑖=1(𝑉𝑅𝑖 )
Where:
R is the total number of applicable fresh food compartments, which include the first
fresh food compartment and any number of fresh food compartments (including
convertible compartments tested as fresh food compartments in accordance with
section 5.5.2 (s));
TRi is the compartment temperature of fresh food Compartment “i” determined in
accordance with section 5.5.6.1;
VRi is the volume of fresh food compartment “i”.

5.8.1.2.5 Freezer Compartment Temperature

The freezer compartment temperature shall be calculated as:

∑𝐹𝑖=1(𝑇𝐹𝑖 ) × (𝑉𝐹𝑖 )
𝑇𝐹 =
∑𝐹𝑖=1(𝑉𝐹𝑖 )
Where:
F is the total number of applicable freezer compartments, which include the first
freezer compartment and any number of freezer compartments (including
convertible compartments tested as freezer compartments in accordance with
section 5.5.2 (s);
TFi is the compartment temperature of freezer compartment “i” determined in
accordance with section 5.5.6.2;
VFi is the volume of freezer compartment “i”.

5.8.1.2.6 Cooler Compartment Temperature.

The cooler compartment temperature shall be calculated as:

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∑𝐶𝑖=1(𝑇𝐶𝑖 ) × (𝑉𝐶𝑖 )
𝑇𝐶 =
∑𝐶𝑖=1(𝑉𝐶𝑖 )
Where:
C is the total number of applicable cooler compartments, which include the first
cooler compartment and any number of cooler compartments (including convertible
compartments tested as cooler compartments in accordance with section 5.5.2 (f);
TCi is the compartment temperature of cooler compartment “i” determined in
accordance with section 5.5.6.3;
VCi is the volume of cooler Compartment “i”.

Energy Consumption

5.8.2.1 Per-Day Energy Consumption. The energy consumption in kWh/day for each test period
shall be the energy expended during the test period as specified in section 5.7 adjusted
to a 24-hour period. This adjustment shall be determined as specified below.

5.8.2.1.1 Non-Automatic and Automatic Defrost Models. The energy consumption in kWh/day
shall be calculated equivalent to:
1440 × 𝐸𝑃 × 𝐾
𝐸𝑇 =
𝑇
Where:
ET = test cycle energy expended in kWh/day;
EP = energy expended in kWh during the test period;
T = length of time on the test period, in minutes;
1440 = conversion factor to adjust to a 24-hour period in minutes per day;
K = correction factor of 0.7 for chest freezers and 0.85 for upright
freezers and 0.55 for miscellaneous refrigeration products (1.0 for all other models)
to adjust for average usage, dimensionless.

5.8.2.1.2 Long-Time Automatic Defrost

If the two-part test method is used, the energy consumption in kWh/day shall be
calculated equivalent to (see Informative Annex A for further clarification on how to do
this calculation):

̅̅̅̅2 )(𝑇2 ) + (𝑊
(𝑊 ̅̅̅̅1 )(𝑇𝑠𝑠 )
𝐸𝑇 = [ ] (0.024)(𝐾)
𝑇2 + 𝑇𝑠𝑠

where:
ET, and K are defined in Section 5.8.2.1.1;
̅̅̅̅
W2 = Average power during the second part of the test, in Watts

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̅̅̅̅1
W = Average power during the first part of the test, in Watts
0.024 = conversion factor to adjust to kWh/day, in [(hr/day)/(W/kW)]
T2 = length of time for the second part of the test, in minutes
Tss = For CT hours of compressor operation, the length of time where the
unit is not in the defrost period
(60 × 𝐶𝑇) − ∑ 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓
𝑇𝑆𝑆 =
𝑅𝑇𝑠𝑠
where
60 = conversion factor for hours to minutes, in min/hr
CT = compressor-on time between defrost heater-on events in hours
required to cause the UUT to go through a complete cycle, rounded to the nearest tenth
of an hour
Tcondef = compressor-on time during the second part of the test, in minutes
RTSS = ratio of compressor-on time to compressor cycle time during the
first part of the test, dimensionless
Alternatively, the following representation of the equation can be used to calculate the
energy consumption in kWh/day (if 2-part test method is used), where it is equivalent
to:

1440 × 𝐾 × 𝐸𝑃1 𝑇2 24 × 𝑅𝑇1

𝐸𝑇 = ( ) + [𝐸𝑃2 − (𝐸𝑃1 × )] × [ ]×𝐾
𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑅𝑇 − 𝑅𝑇
𝐶𝑇 − 𝑇2 × ( 2 60 1 )

Where:
ET, K and 1440 are defined in Section 5.8.2.1.1;
EP1 = energy expended during the first part of the test, in kilowatt-hours;
EP2 = energy expended during the second part of the test, in kilowatt-
hours;
T1 and T2 = length of time in minutes of the first and second test parts
respectively;
CT = compressor-on time between defrost heater-on events in hours
required to cause the UUT to go through a complete cycle, rounded to the nearest tenth
of an hour; and
RT1, = compressor run time ratio in T1 period
RT2 = compressor run time ratio in T2 period.
24 = 24 hours/day
60 = conversion factor for hours to minutes, in min/hr

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5.8.2.1.3 Variable Defrost Control
The energy consumption in kilowatt-hours per day shall be calculated equivalent to:
̅̅̅̅2 )(𝑇2 ) + (𝑊
(𝑊 ̅̅̅̅1 )(𝑇𝑠𝑠 )
𝐸𝑇 = [ ] (0.024)(𝐾)
𝑇2 + 𝑇𝑠𝑠
Where:
K is defined in 5.8.2.1.1;
̅̅̅̅
W2, ̅̅̅̅
W1 , T2, TSS, and 0.024 are defined in 5.8.2.1.2;
CT, which is used to calculate TSS, is calculated per

(𝐶𝑇𝐿 × 𝐶𝑇𝑀 )
𝐶𝑇 =
[𝐹 × (𝐶𝑇𝑀 − 𝐶𝑇𝐿 ) + 𝐶𝑇𝐿 ]
Where:
CTL = Shortest cumulative compressor-on time between defrost heater-
on events used in the variable defrost control algorithm, or the shortest cumulative
compressor-on time between defrosts observed for the test (if it is shorter than the
shortest cumulative on time used in the control algorithm), in hours rounded to the
nearest tenth of an hour
CTM = Maximum cumulative compressor-on time between defrost heater-
on events in hours rounded to the nearest tenth of an hour (greater than CT L but not
more than 96 hours)
0 < CTL < CTM ≤ 96
F = ratio of per day energy consumption in excess of the least energy and the
maximum difference in per day energy consumption and is equal to 0.20.
Alternatively, the following method can be used as well to calculate the energy
consumption in kWh/day (if 2-part test method is used), where it is equivalent to:

1440 × 𝐾 × 𝐸𝑃1 𝑇2 24 × 𝑅𝑇1

𝐸𝑇 = ( ) + [𝐸𝑃2 − (𝐸𝑃1 × )] × [ ]×𝐾
𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑅𝑇 − 𝑅𝑇
𝐶𝑇 − 𝑇2 × ( 2 60 1 )

Where:
ET, K and 1440 are defined in Section 5.8.2.1.1;
CT, EP1, EP2, T1, T2, RT1, RT2, 60 and 24 are defined in Section 5.8.2.1.2.

5.8.2.1.4 For demand defrost models with no values for CTL and CTM in the algorithm, the default
values of 6 and 96, respectively, shall be used,.

5.8.2.1.5 Multiple-compressor Products with Automatic Defrost

The two-part test method in Section 5.7.2.1 shall be used, the energy consumption in
kilowatt per day shall be calculated equivalent to:

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𝐷
𝐸𝑃1 𝑇2𝑖 12
𝐸𝑇 = (1440 × 𝐾 𝑋 ) + ∑ [(𝐸𝑃2𝑖 − (𝐸𝑃1 × )) × 𝐾 × ( )]
𝑇1 𝑇1 𝐶𝑇𝑖
𝑖=1

Where:
I = a variable that can equal 1, 2, or more that identifies each individual
compressor system that has automatic defrost;
D = the total number of compressor systems with automatic defrost;
EP2i = energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second part of the
test for compressor system i;
T2i = length of time in minutes of the second part of the test for
compressor system i;
CTi = the compressor run time between defrosts for compressor system i
in hours rounded to the nearest tenth of an hour, for long-time automatic defrost
control equal to a fixed time in hours, and for variable defrost control equal to:
(𝐶𝑇𝐿𝑖 × 𝐶𝑇𝑀𝑖 )
𝐶𝑇𝑖 =
[𝐹 × (𝐶𝑇𝑀𝑖 − 𝐶𝑇𝐿𝑖 ) + 𝐶𝑇𝐿𝑖 ]
Where:
CTLi = for compressor system i, the shortest cumulative compressor-on
time between defrost heater-on events used in the variable defrost control algorithm,
or the shortest ≤cumulative compressor-on time between defrosts observed for the test
(if it is shorter than the shortest cumulative on time used in the control algorithm), in
hours rounded to the nearest tenth of an hour;
CTMi = for compressor system i, Maximum cumulative compressor-on time
between defrost heater-on events in hours rounded to the nearest tenth of an hour
(greater than CTLi but not more than 96 hours)
0 < CTLi < CTMi ≤ 96
F = default defrost energy consumption factor, equal to 0.20.

5.8.2.1.6 Long-time or Variable Defrost Control for Systems with Multiple Defrost Cycle Types

The two-part test method in Section 5.7.2.1 shall be used, the energy consumption in
kilowatt per day shall be calculated equivalent to:

∑𝐷 ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑖=1(𝑊2𝑖 )(𝑇2𝑖 ) + (𝑊1 )(𝑇𝑠𝑠 )
𝐸𝑇 = [ 𝑑 ] (0.024)(𝐾)
∑𝑖=1 𝑇2𝑖 + 𝑇𝑠𝑠
where
i = a variable that can equal 1, 2, or more that identifies each individual
compressor system that has automatic defrost;
D = the total number of compressor systems with automatic defrost.
T2i = the duration of the ith defrost period, in minutes

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̅̅̅̅̅
W2i = the average power for the ith defrost period, in Watts
Tss is calculated per:
(60 × 𝐶𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) − ∑𝐷
𝑖=1 𝑗𝑖 × 𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖
𝑇𝑠𝑠 =
𝑅𝑇𝑠𝑠

Where RTss is defined in 5.8.2.1.2,

CTmax = largest value of CTi
CTi = CT value for the ith defrost system
ji = CTmax / CTi

Alternatively, the following representation of the equation can be used to calculate the
energy consumption in kWh/day (if 2-part test method is used), where it is equivalent
to:

𝐷
1440 × 𝐾 × 𝐸𝑃1 𝑇2𝑖 24 × 𝑅𝑇1
𝐸𝑇 = ( ) + ∑ [{𝐸𝑃2𝑖 − (𝐸𝑃1 × )} × × 𝐾]
𝑇1 𝑇1 (𝑅𝑇2 − 𝑅𝑇1 )
𝑖=1 𝐶𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇2𝑖 × { 60 }

Where:
ET, K and 1440 are defined in Section 5.8.2.1.1;
EP1, EP2, T1, T2, RT1, RT2, 60 and 24 are defined in Section 5.8.2.1.2.
i = a variable that can equal 1, 2, or more that identifies the distinct
defrost cycle types applicable for the product;
D = the total number of compressor systems with automatic defrost
EP2i = energy expended in kilowatt-hours during the second part of the
test for defrost cycle type i;
T2i = length of time in minutes of the second part of the test for defrost
cycle type i;
CTi is the compressor run time between instances of defrost cycle type i, for long-
time automatic defrost control equal to a fixed time in hours rounded to the nearest
tenth of an hour, and for variable defrost control equal to:
(𝐶𝑇𝐿𝑖 × 𝐶𝑇𝑀𝑖 )
𝐶𝑇𝑖 =
[𝐹 × (𝐶𝑇𝑀𝑖 − 𝐶𝑇𝐿𝑖 ) + 𝐶𝑇𝐿𝑖 ]
CTLi = least or shortest compressor run time between instances of
defrost cycle type i in hours rounded to the nearest tenth of an hour (CTL for the
defrost cycle type with the longest compressor run time between defrosts must be
greater than or equal to 6 but less than or equal to 12 hours);

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CTMi = maximum compressor run time between instances of defrost cycle
type i in hours rounded to the nearest tenth of an hour (greater than CTLi but not more
than 96 hours);
For cases in which there are more than one fixed CT value (for long-time defrost
models) or more than one CTM and/or CTL value (for variable defrost models) for a
given defrost cycle type, an average fixed CT value or average CTM and CTL values
shall be selected for this cycle type so that 12 divided by this value or values is the
frequency of occurrence of the defrost cycle type in a 24 hour period, assuming 50%
compressor run time.
F = default defrost energy consumption factor, equal to 0.20.

5.8.2.1.7 For variable defrost models with no values for CTLi and CTMi in the algorithm, the default
values of 6 and 96 shall be used, respectively.

Determination of Results of Average Per-Cycle Energy Consumption

All-Refrigerator Models
The average per-cycle energy consumption is expressed in kWh per cycle to the nearest
one hundredth (0.01) kWh and is to depend upon the temperature attainable in the fresh
food compartment as shown below.

5.9.1.1 If the fresh food compartment temperature is always colder than 39°F (3.9°C), the
average per-cycle energy consumption shall be equivalent to:
E = ET1
Where:
E = total per-cycle energy consumption in kWh/day;
ET is defined in Section 5.8.2.1;
Number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest fresh food compartment
temperature is measured.

5.9.1.2 If the average fresh food compartment temperature measured for a test period is
greater than 39°F (3.9°C), the average per-cycle energy consumption shall be equivalent
to:
(39.0 − 𝑇𝑅1)
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1 + (𝐸𝑇2 − 𝐸𝑇1) ×
(𝑇𝑅2 − 𝑇𝑅1)
Where:
E is defined in Section 5.9.1.1;
ET is defined in Section 5.8.2.1;
39.0 = standardized fresh food compartment temperature in °F;
TR = fresh food compartment temperature determined according to
Section 5.8.1.2, in °F;

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Number 1 and 2 indicate measurements taken during the first and second test period,
as appropriate.

Refrigerators and Refrigerator Freezers

The average per-cycle energy consumption is expressed in kWh per cycle to the nearest
one hundredth (0.01) kWh and is defined in the applicable following manner.

5.9.2.1 If the fresh food compartment temperature is at or colder than 39 °F (3.9 °C) in both
tests and the freezer Compartment temperature is at or colder than 15 °F (-9.4 °C) in
both tests of a refrigerator or at or colder than 0 °F (-17.8 °C) in both tests of a
refrigerator-freezer, the per-cycle energy consumption shall be:
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1 + 𝐼𝐸𝑇
Where:
ET is defined in 5.8.2.1;
IET, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle, equals 0.0767 for a product with an automatic
icemaker and otherwise equals 0 (zero);
The number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest freezer compartment
temperature was measured.

5.9.2.2 If the conditions of 5.9.2.1 do not exist, the per-cycle energy consumption shall be
defined by the higher of the two values calculated by the following two formulas:
(39.0 − 𝑇𝑅1)
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1 + [(𝐸𝑇2 − 𝐸𝑇1) × ] + 𝐼𝐸𝑇
(𝑇𝑅2 − 𝑇𝑅1)
and
(k − TF1)
E = ET1 + [(ET2 − ET1) × ] + IET
(TF2 − TF1)
Where:
E is defined in 5.9.1.1;
ET is defined in 5.8.2.1;
IET is defined in 5.9.2.1;
TR and the numbers 1 and 2 are defined in 5.9.1.2;
TF = freezer compartment temperature determined according to
5.8.1.2.5 in degrees F;
39.0 is a standardized fresh food compartment temperature in degrees F;
k is a constant 15.0 for refrigerators or 0.0 for refrigerator-freezers, each being
standardized freezer compartment temperatures in degrees F.

Combination cooler-all-refrigerator, cooler-refrigerator or cooler-refrigerator-

freezer
The average per-cycle energy consumption is expressed in kWh per cycle to the nearest
one hundredth (0.01) kWh and is defined in the applicable following manner.
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5.9.3.1 If the fresh food compartment temperature is at or colder than 39°F (3.9°C) in both
tests, the freezer compartment temperature is at or colder than 15°F (-9.4°C) in both
tests of a refrigerator or at or colder than 0°F (−17.8°C). in both tests of a refrigerator-
freezer and the cooler compartment is at or colder than 55°F (12.8°C) in in both tests,
the per-cycle energy consumption shall be:
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1 + 𝐼𝐸𝑇
Where:
ET is defined in 5.8.2.1;
IET, expressed in kilowatt-hours per cycle, equals 0.0767 for a product with an automatic
icemaker and otherwise equals 0 (zero);
The number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest freezer compartment
temperature was measured.

5.9.3.2 If the conditions of 5.9.3.1 do not exist, the per-cycle energy consumption shall be
defined by the higher of the three values calculated by the following three formulas:
(39.0 − 𝑇𝑅1)
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1 + [(𝐸𝑇2 − 𝐸𝑇1) × ] + 𝐼𝐸𝑇
(𝑇𝑅2 − 𝑇𝑅1)

(𝑘 − 𝑇𝐹1)
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1 + [(𝐸𝑇2 − 𝐸𝑇1) × ] + 𝐼𝐸𝑇
(𝑇𝐹2 − 𝑇𝐹1)
and
(55.0 − TC1)
E = ET1 + [(ET2 − ET1) × ] + IET
(TC2 − TC1)

Where:
E is defined in 5.9.1.1;
ET is defined in 5.8.2.1;
IET is defined in 5.9.2.1;
TR and the numbers 1 and 2 are defined in 5.9.1.2;
TF = freezer compartment temperature determined according to
5.8.1.2.5 in degrees F;
TC = Cooler compartment temperature determined according to
Section 5.8.1.2.6, in °F;
39.0 is a standardized fresh food compartment temperature in degrees F;
55.0 is standardized cooler compartment temperature in degrees F;
k is a constant 15.0 for refrigerators or 0.0 for refrigerator-freezers, each being
standardized freezer Compartment temperatures in degrees F.

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Upright and Chest Freezers
The average per-cycle energy consumption is expressed in kWh per cycle to the nearest
one hundredth (0.01) kWh and will depend upon the compartment temperature attainable
as shown below.

5.9.4.1 If the compartment temperature is always colder than 0°F (-17.8°C), the average per-
cycle energy consumption shall be equivalent to:
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1 + 𝐼𝐸𝑇
Where:
E is defined in Section 5.9.1.1;
ET is defined in Section 5.8.2.1;
IET is defined in Section 5.9.2.1;
Number 1 indicates the test period during which the highest compartment temperature
is measured.

5.9.4.2 If one of the compartment temperatures measured for a test period is warmer than 0°F
(-17.8°C), the average per-cycle energy consumption shall be the equivalent to:

(0.0 – TF1)
E = ET1 + [(ET2 – ET1) × ] + IET
(TF2 – TF1)
Where:
E is defined in Section 5.9.1.1;
ET is defined in Section 5.8.2.1;
IET is defined in Section 5.9.2.1;
TF = freezer compartment temperature determined according to
Section 5.8.1.2.5, in °F;
Numbers 1 & 2 indicate measurements taken during the first and second test period as
appropriate;
0.0 = standardized compartment temperature, in °F.

Coolers
The average per-cycle energy consumption is expressed in kWh per cycle to the nearest
one hundredth (0.01) kWh and is to depend upon the temperature attainable in the cooler
compartment as shown below.

5.9.5.1 If the Cooler compartment temperature is always at or colder than 55°F (12.8°C) in
both of the tests, the per-cycle energy consumption shall be:
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑇1
Where:
E is defined in section 5.9.1.1;

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ET is defined in Section 5.8.2.1;
Number 1 indicates the test period during which the warmest cooler compartment
temperature is measured.

5.9.5.2 If the average cooler compartment temperature measured for a test period is warmer
than 55°F (12.8°C), the average per-cycle energy consumption shall be equivalent to:

(55.0 – TC1)
E = ET1 + [(ET2 − ET1) × ]
(TC2 – TC1)
Where:
E is defined in Section 5.9.1.1;
ET is defined in Section 5.8.2.1;
TC = cooler compartment temperature determined according to
Section 5.8.1.2.6, in °F;
55.0 is a standardized cooler compartment temperature, in °F.

Variable Anti-Sweat Heater Models

The standard cycle energy consumption of a refrigerator-freezer with a variable anti-
sweat heater control (Estd), expressed in kilowatt-hours per day, shall be calculated
equivalent to:

Estd = E + (Correction Factor) where E is determined by 5.9.1.1, 5.9.1.2, 5.9.2.1, or

5.9.2.2, whichever is appropriate, with the anti-sweat heater disabled (such
as but not limited to: anti-sweat heater switch in the off position, disabling the
heater using software, disabling the heater by physical disconnection, etc…).

Correction Factor = (Anti-sweat Heater Power × System-loss Factor) × (24 hrs/1 day) ×
(1 kW/1000 W)
Where:
Anti-sweat Heater Power = 0.034 * (Heater Watts at 5%RH);
+ 0.211 * (Heater Watts at 15%RH);
+ 0.204 * (Heater Watts at 25%RH);
+ 0.166 * (Heater Watts at 35%RH);
+ 0.126 * (Heater Watts at 45%RH);
+ 0.119 * (Heater Watts at 55%RH);
+ 0.069 * (Heater Watts at 65%RH);
+ 0.047 * (Heater Watts at 75%RH);
+ 0.008 * (Heater Watts at 85%RH);
+ 0.015 * (Heater Watts at 95%RH);

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Heater Watts at a specific relative humidity = the nominal watts used by all heaters at that
specific relative humidity, 72 °F (22.2 °C) ambient, and reference temperatures of fresh
food compartment average temperature of 39 °F (3.9 °C), cooler compartment average
temperature of 55°F (12.8°C), and freezer compartment average temperature of 0 °F
(−17.8 °C);
System-loss Factor = 1.3.

Measurement of Annual Energy Consumption

Refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers
The annual energy use, expressed in kilowatt-hours per year, shall be the following,
rounded to the nearest kilowatt-hour per year:
(1) For models without an anti-sweat heater switch, the representative average
use cycle of 365 cycles per year multiplied by the average per-cycle energy
consumption for the standard cycle in kilowatt-hours per cycle, determined
according to section 5.9 of this standard; and
(2) For models having an anti-sweat heater switch, the representative average
use cycle of 365 cycles per year multiplied by half the sum of the average per-
cycle energy consumption for the standard cycle and the average per-cycle
energy consumption for a test cycle type with the anti-sweat heater switch in
the position set at the factory just before shipping, each in kilowatt-hours per
cycle, determined according to section 5.9 of this standard.

Freezers
The annual energy use of all freezers, expressed in kilowatt-hours per year, shall be the
following, rounded to the nearest kilowatt-hour per year:
(1) For freezers not having an anti-sweat heater switch, the representative
average use cycle of 365 cycles per year multiplied by the average per-cycle
energy consumption for the standard cycle in kilowatt-hours per cycle,
determined according to section 5.9 of this standard
(2) For freezers having an anti-sweat heater switch, the representative average
use cycle of 365 cycles per year multiplied by half the sum of the average per-
cycle energy consumption for the standard cycle and the average per-cycle
energy consumption for a test cycle type with the anti-sweat heater switch in
the position set at the factory just before shipping, each in kilowatt-hours per
cycle, determined according to section 5.9 of this standard.

Coolers and combination cooler refrigeration products

The annual energy use, expressed in kilowatt-hours per year, shall be the following,
rounded to the nearest kilowatt-hour per year:
(1) For models without an anti-sweat heater switch, the representative average
use cycle of 365 cycles per year multiplied by the average per-cycle energy
consumption for the standard cycle in kilowatt-hours per cycle, determined
according to section 5.9 of this standard; and

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(2) For models having an anti-sweat heater switch, the representative average
use cycle of 365 cycles per year multiplied by half the sum of the average per-
cycle energy consumption for the standard cycle and the average per-cycle
energy consumption for a test cycle type with the anti-sweat heater switch in
the position set at the factory just before shipping, each in kilowatt-hours per
cycle, determined according to section 5.9 of this standard.

6 METHOD FOR COMPUTING ADJUSTED VOLUME OF CONSUMER

REFRIGERATION PRODUCTS

Scope
This section provides a standard method for calculating the adjusted volume of various types of
refrigeration products.

Purpose
The purpose for calculating the adjusted volume is to provide a uniform means of comparing the
relative energy efficiency between different products by relating all products to a common base.
The adjusted volume is used for Minimum Energy Performance Standards calculations.

Adjusted Volume
The adjusted volume is calculated as follows:
Adjusted Volume (AV) = VCooler + VFresh Food + (VFreezer × Adjustment Factor)
Where:
VCooler = Volume of the cooler compartments as determined by Section 4;
VFresh Food = Volume of the fresh food compartments as determined by
Section 4;
VFreezer = Volume of the freezer compartments as determined by Section 4.

Adjustment Factor for Refrigerators and Cooler-refrigerator

(90 – 15) / (90 – 39) = 1.47

Adjustment Factor for All-Refrigerators and Cooler-all refrigerator

(90 – 39) / (90 – 39) = 1.00

Adjustment Factor for Refrigerator-Freezers, Cooler refrigerator-freezers

(90 – 0) / (90 – 39) = 1.76

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p 44
Adjustment Factor for Freezers and Cooler-freezer
(90 – 0) / (90 – 39) = 1.76

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Annex A (informative)

EXAMPLES OF CALCULATIONS INVOLVED IN DETERMINING ENERGY CONSUMPTION

USING THE TWO-PART METHOD

1. SCOPE
The data is gathered via a data acquisition system (DAQ) that is capable of capturing
timestamps, Watts, and Watt-hours. It is preferable for the DAQ to be able to capture
events such as compressor-on and off events and defrost heater-on and off events. The
examples in this Appendix are based on a DAQ that captures these events.

2. ENERGY, TIME, AND RUN-TIME CALCULATIONS FOR PARTS 1 AND 2

This example will demonstrate the calculations necessary for obtaining ET per sections
5.8.2.1.2 and 5.8.2.1.3.
Table 1 shows the data that are obtained during Part 1 of the test.

Timestamp Watthour Counter Elapsed time Event

(min)
2/28/2019 23:10:08 503 0.00 Comp-ON
2/28/2019 23:38:27 558 28.32 Comp-OFF
3/1/2019 0:01:14 558 51.10 Comp-ON
3/1/2019 0:29:18 612 79.17 Comp-OFF
3/1/2019 0:51:55 613 101.78 Comp-ON
3/1/2019 1:20:08 667 130.00 Comp-OFF
3/1/2019 1:42:45 668 152.62 Comp-ON
3/1/2019 2:10:51 722 180.72 Comp-OFF
3/1/2019 2:33:43 723 203.58 Comp-ON

Table 1. Compressor Cycle Times and Watthours for Part 1

The data obtained above meet the stability criteria per section 3.28 and this data will be
used to calculate the average power for Part 1. The average Watts used during Part 1,
̅̅̅̅
W1 , is calculated as shown below.

(723 − 503) Wh
̅̅̅̅
W1 , =
203.58
60 h
̅̅̅̅
W1 , = 64.84 W

The percent run-time during Part 1, RTss, is found by dividing the compressor-on time
during Part 1 by the total time as shown below.

[(28.32 − 0.00) + (79.17 − 51.10) + (130.00 − 101.78) + (180.72 − 152.62)] min

RTss =
203.58 min
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RTss = 0.554

Table 2 shows the data that are obtained during Part 2 of the test.
Timestamp Watthour counter Elapsed Time Event
(min)
3/2/2019 1:54:39 2256 0.00 Cycle A Start
3/2/2019 2:17:42 2257 23.05 Cycle A Comp-ON
3/2/2019 2:45:54 2311 51.25 Cycle A End
3/2/2019 3:08:38 2311 73.98 Precool Comp-ON
3/2/2019 3:53:38 2397 118.98 Precool Comp-OFF
3/2/2019 3:53:57 2397 119.30 Defrost Heater-ON
3/2/2019 4:02:14 2453 127.58 Defrost Heater-OFF
3/2/2019 4:07:14 2454 132.58 Recovery Cycle
Comp-ON
3/2/2019 4:44:46 2530 170.12 Recovery Cycle
Comp-OFF
3/2/2019 5:07:17 2531 192.63 Regular Cycle Comp-
ON
3/2/2019 5:36:13 2587 221.57 Cycle B Start
3/2/2019 5:58:55 2587 244.27 Cycle B Comp-ON
3/2/2019 6:28:00 2643 273.35 Cycle B End
Table 2. Compressor and Defrost Events for Part 2
Part 2 begins at the Cycle A End event and ends at the Cycle B Start event shown in
Table 2. ΣTcondef is the summation of the compressor-on time during Part 2. The
calculation for ΣTcondef is shown below.

ΣTcondef = [(118.98 − 73.98) + (170.12 − 132.58) + (221.57 − 192.63)] min

ΣTcondef = 111.48 min

This unit under test (UUT) has a CT of 35.3 hours (CTL = 10.0, CTM = 96.0). The length
of time where the unit is not in the defrost period for CT hours of compressor operation,
Tss, is calculated as shown below.
(60 ∗ CT) − ∑ Tcondef
TSS =
RTss

min
(60 ∗ 35.3 hr) − 111.48 min
TSS = hr
0.554

TSS = 3621.88 min

.
The time for part 2, T2, is (221.57 – 51.25) minutes, which is 170.32 minutes. The
average Watts used during Part 2, ̅̅̅̅
W2 , is calculated as shown below.

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(2587 − 2311) Wh
̅̅̅̅
W2 =
170.32
60 h
̅̅̅̅
W2 = 97.23 W

The UUT is a bottom freezer and has a K of 1. ET is now calculated as shown below
̅̅̅̅2 )(T2) + (W
(W ̅̅̅̅1 )(Tss )
ET = [ ] (0.024)(K)
T2 + Tss

hr⁄
(97.23 W)(170.32 min) + (64.84 W)(3621.88 min) day
ET = [ ] (0.024 ) (1)
(170.32 + 3621.88) min W ⁄kW

ET = 1.591 kWh/day

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