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Mat 152 - Sas#10

This module focuses on tree diagrams and basic probability problems, teaching students how to visualize and calculate probabilities through organized branching structures. It outlines the steps for creating a tree diagram, computing probabilities using the Addition and Multiplication Rules, and applying these concepts to real-life scenarios. The module also includes activities for skill building and encourages reflection on the learning process.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views7 pages

Mat 152 - Sas#10

This module focuses on tree diagrams and basic probability problems, teaching students how to visualize and calculate probabilities through organized branching structures. It outlines the steps for creating a tree diagram, computing probabilities using the Addition and Multiplication Rules, and applying these concepts to real-life scenarios. The module also includes activities for skill building and encourages reflection on the learning process.

Uploaded by

Dog God
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World

Module #10

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Tree Diagrams & Basic Probability Problems Materials: Student Activity Sheets

Learning Targets:
At the end of the module, students will be able to:
References:
1. Understand the Tree diagram.
https://www.blake.com.au/v/vspfiles/
2. Apply the “Tree diagram” strategies in solving basic real-life
downloadables/PT2_ProblemSolving.pdf
probability problems.

Productivity Tip: Organize your tasks in the order you need to get them done, then block out time on your
calendar to work on each item. As you plan, think about the times you’re most productive.

A. CONNECT

A.1 Lesson Preview/Review

Hello everyone! Let's dive into a new concept called a tree diagram, which helps us understand probabilities.
Imagine a tree with branches. Each branch represents a different possibility or outcome. Tree diagrams help us
see every possible outcome and figure out how likely each one is. It's sort of like drawing a map of different paths
to see which ones are more probable.

B. COACH

B.1 Content Notes


Topic: Tree Diagrams & Basic Probability Problems
Reading Comprehension Strategy: Definition and Description

A tree diagram is a picture used for making smart choices, figuring out values, or calculating chances of
things happening. Imagine you're trying to make a big decision, like choosing what to do over the weekend. You
can draw a special kind of picture called a tree diagram to help you out. At the very top of the diagram, you start
with just one point, like the starting point of an adventure. From there, lines shoot out like branches on a tree,
leading to more points. Each of these points represents a different choice you could make, or something that
might happen.
For example, you might have to decide whether to go to a friend's party (Point A) or stay home and watch
movies (Point B). Each of these choices leads to more possibilities. If you choose the party, maybe you'll have

Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.
MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Module #10

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

to decide whether to dance or just hang out. If you stay home, maybe you'll need to choose which movie to
watch.
This keeps going until you've thought about all the different choices and what could happen because of
them. Eventually, you'll reach the end of the possible set of choices, where you make your final decision or see
what's most likely to happen. Tree diagram is exploring all the possibilities before you make a decision. That's
how a tree diagram helps you figure things out.

WORDS DEFINITION IMPORTANCE

Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.
MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Module #10

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

This topic is connected to the next lesson, so you should first learn the basic rules of computing probability.

Probability Computation: For equally likely outcomes, the probability of event A is given by:
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑃(𝐴) =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

The Addition Rule helps when events are connected, like when one thing happening affects another. It also
works for events that can both happen or events that can't both happen at the same time. On the other hand,
the Multiplication Rule is for when events don't affect each other, like flipping a coin and rolling a dice at the
same time.
Addition Rule → For 2 events, A and B, the probability of selecting one event or another is given by:
P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B) − P (A and B).
Multiplication Rule → For 2 independent events, A and B, where the outcome of A does not change the
probability of B, the probability of A and B is given by: P (A and B) = P(A) × P(B).

Step-by-step process of creating a tree diagram and computing probabilities.


Step 1. Identify the Events
Step 2. List the Possible Outcomes for Each Event
Step 3. Draw the Tree Diagram
● Add Branches for the First Event and add Branches for the Second Event
Step 4. Determine the Probabilities for Each Branch
Step 5. Calculate the Combined Probabilities
Step 6. List All Possible Outcomes and Their Probabilities

B.2 Skill Building Activity


Let’s have an example.

Example: You have two types of drinks (Juice and Soda) and three types of snacks (Chips, Cookies, and
Fruit). We want to determine the probabilities of different combinations of drinks and snacks a guest might
choose.
Step 1. Identify the Events
● Event 1: Choosing a drink.
● Event 2: Choosing a snack.
Step 2. List the Possible Outcomes for Each Event
● Drinks: Juice (J), Soda (S).
● Snacks: Chips (C), Cookies (Co), Fruit (F).

Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.
MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Module #10

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Step 3. Draw the Tree Diagram.

Step 4. Determine the Probabilities for Each Branch


Probability of choosing Juice (J) or Soda (S):
1 1
P(J) = P(S) =
2 2
Probability of choosing any specific snack (Chips, Cookies, Fruit) given a drink choice:
1 1 1
P(C | J) = 3, P(Co | J) = , P(F | J) =
3 3
1 1 1
P(C | S) = , P(Co | S) = , P(F | S) =
3 3 3
Step 5. Calculate the Combined Probabilities
For each path in the tree diagram, multiply the probabilities along the branches.
Calculations:
Probability of choosing Juice and Chips:
1 1 1
P(J and C) = P(J) × P(C | J) = ( 2) × ( 3) = 6
Probability of choosing Juice and Cookies:
1 1 1
P(J and Co) = P(J) × P(Co | J) = ( 2) × (3) = 6
Probability of choosing Juice and Fruit:
1 1 1
P(J and F) = P(J) × P(F | J) = ( 2) × ( 3) = 6
Probability of choosing Soda and Chips:
1 1 1
P(S and C) = P(S) × P(C | S) = ( ) × ( ) =
2 3 6
Probability of choosing Soda and Cookies:
1 1 1
P(S and Co) = P(S) × P(Co | S) = ( 2) × (3) = 6
Probability of choosing Soda and Fruit:
1 1 1
P(S and F) = P(S) × P(F | S) = ( 2) × ( 3) = 6

Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.
MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Module #10

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Step 6. List All Possible Outcomes and Their Probabilities.


1
Juice and Chips (JC): 6
1
Juice and Cookies (JCo): 6
1
Juice and Fruit (JF): 6
1
Soda and Chips (SC): 6
1
Soda and Cookies (SCo):
6
1
Soda and Fruit (SF): 6

Tree diagrams can help in making decisions for event planning, such as understanding the likelihood of
different combinations of choices made by guests, which in turn can help in better planning the quantities of
different items to be purchased. This method can be extended to more complex scenarios with more choices or
additional stages of decisions.

Now, Try this!


You are picking an outfit for school. You have two shirts (blue and red) and three pairs of pants (jeans, khakis,
and shorts). You want to know all the possible combinations of outfits you can wear. Use the step-by-step
process of creating a tree diagram and calculate possible probabilities.

Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.
MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Module #10

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. CHECK
C.1 Check for Understanding
You're ordering pizza from your favorite pizzeria, and they offer three different sizes (small, medium, large) and
four different toppings (cheese, pepperoni, sausage, vegetarian). You want to know the probability of getting
Medium with Pepperoni on top. Use the step-by-step process of creating a tree diagram and calculate possible
probabilities.

D. CONCLUDE
D.1 Summary / Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the purpose of using a tree diagram in probability analysis?


● The primary purpose of a tree diagram is to organize and visualize the possible outcomes of a
sequence of events or decisions. It helps in calculating probabilities at each stage and determining
the overall probability of specific outcomes or combinations of outcomes.
2. How do I know when to stop branching in a tree diagram?
● You should stop branching when you have considered all relevant stages of the experiment or
process and when further branching would not provide any additional meaningful outcomes.
3. What are some limitations of tree diagrams in probability analysis?
● Tree diagrams are like maps for figuring out probabilities, but they can get messy if there are
lots of options. Also, they work best for simple problems where one thing happens after another,
not for complex situations where events are all tangled up.

Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.
MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Module #10

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______


Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

D.2 Thinking about Learning

Think about your Learning, Is it Easy? Average” or Difficult? Let’s talk about your learning experience.

1. Were there any parts of the lesson that you found challenging? If so, which ones and why?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. What routines, behaviors, actions help you learn better? Describe how it helps.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0
International License.

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