SQL> conn

Enter user-name: akshit2704

Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> ls
SP2-0042: unknown command "ls" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> desc employees
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMP_ID NUMBER(2)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB_TITLE VARCHAR2(40)
DEP_ID NUMBER(3)
SALARY NUMBER(6)

SQL> desc employee

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(5)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(10)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(4)
COMM NUMBER(4)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ls
SP2-0042: unknown command "ls" - rest of line ignored.
SQL> desc
Usage: DESCRIBE [schema.]object[@db_link]
SQL> select * from dual;

D
-
X

SQL> select upper('ram') from dual;

UPP
---
RAM

SQL> select concat('ram',' shyam')from dual;

CONCAT('R
---------
ram shyam

SQL> select concat ('ram',' shyam')from dual;

CONCAT('R
---------
ram shyam

SQL> select length ('ram shyam')from dual;

LENGTH('RAMSHYAM')
------------------
 9

SQL> select length ('ram shyam') as len from dual;

LEN
----------
9

SQL> select lpac

2 ;

*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select lpad('ram kumar',10,'*') as new from dual;

NEW
----------
*ram kumar

SQL> select lpad('ram kumar','10','*') as new from dual;

NEW
----------
*ram kumar

SQL> select lpad('ram kumar','10') as new from dual;

NEW
----------
ram kumar

SQL> select lpad('ram kumar','*') as new from dual;

select lpad('ram kumar','*') as new from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01722: invalid number

SQL> select translate('Ram','am',1);

select translate('Ram','am',1)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select translate('Ram','am',1) from dual;

TR
--
R1

SQL> select substr('chjsgzhjj',1,10) from dual;

SUBSTR('C
---------
chjsgzhjj
SQL> select instr('chjsgzhjj','g',1) from dual;

INSTR('CHJSGZHJJ','G',1)
------------------------
5

SQL> select reverse('chjsgzhjj') from dual;

REVERSE('
---------
jjhzgsjhc

SQL> select abs(-3,23),abs(34) as name from dual

2 ;
select abs(-3,23),abs(34) as name from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00909: invalid number of arguments

SQL> select abs(-3.23),abs(34) as name from dual;

ABS(-3.23) NAME
---------- ----------
3.23 34

SQL> select ciel(-3.23),abs(34) as name from dual;

select ciel(-3.23),abs(34) as name from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "CIEL": invalid identifier

SQL> select ceil(-3.23),abs(34) as name from dual;

CEIL(-3.23) NAME
----------- ----------
-3 34

SQL> select round(-3.23),abs(34) as name from dual;

ROUND(-3.23) NAME
------------ ----------
-3 34

SQL> select round(-3.5),abs(34) as name from dual;

ROUND(-3.5) NAME
----------- ----------
-4 34

SQL> select round(-3,2),abs(34) as name from dual;

ROUND(-3,2) NAME
----------- ----------
-3 34

SQL> select power(-3,2),abs(34) as name from dual;

POWER(-3,2) NAME
----------- ----------
9 34

SQL> select power(-3,3),abs(34) as name from dual;

POWER(-3,3) NAME
----------- ----------
-27 34

SQL> select log(4,2),log(3,2) from dual;

LOG(4,2) LOG(3,2)
---------- ----------
.5 .630929754

SQL> select exp(2),exp(10) from dual;

EXP(2) EXP(10)
---------- ----------
7.3890561 22026.4658

SQL> select exp(2),exp(-2) from dual;

EXP(2) EXP(-2)
---------- ----------
7.3890561 .135335283

SQL> select trunc(5.6789,2) from dual;

TRUNC(5.6789,2)
---------------
5.67

SQL> select sin(30),cos(60),tan(90) from dual;

SIN(30) COS(60) TAN(90)

---------- ---------- ----------
-.98803162 -.95241298 -1.9952004

SQL> select sysdate as name from dual;

NAME
---------
10-FEB-25

SQL> select add_months(current_date,2) from dual;

ADD_MONTH
---------
10-APR-25

SQL> select add_months(current_date,-2) from dual;

ADD_MONTH
---------
10-DEC-24
SQL> select next_day(current_day frpom sunday) from dual;
select next_day(current_day frpom sunday) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00909: invalid number of arguments

SQL> select next_day(current_day from sunday) from dual;

select next_day(current_day from sunday) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00909: invalid number of arguments

SQL> select next_day(current_day, 'sunday') from dual;

select next_day(current_day, 'sunday') from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "CURRENT_DAY": invalid identifier

SQL> select next_day(current_date,'sunday') from dual;

NEXT_DAY(
---------
16-FEB-25

SQL> select months_between(current_date,'12-feb-2000') from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN(CURRENT_DATE,'12-FEB-2000')
------------------------------------------
299.958735

SQL> select to_char('23')as afrom dual;

select to_char('23')as afrom dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select to_char('23')as af rom dual;

select to_char('23')as af rom dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select to_char('23')as a from dual;

A
--
23

SQL> select to_char('23','$000')as a from dual;

A
-----
$023
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'ddth-mon-yy')as a from dual;

A
--------------------
10th-feb-25

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'ddsp-mon-yy')as a from dual;

A
----------------------------
ten-feb-25

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'ddthsp-mon-yy')as a from dual;

A
------------------------------
tenth-feb-25

SQL> select to_date('January 7,1998','month dd,yy')as a from dual;

A
---------
07-JAN-98

SQL> select nvl(null,'fallback')as a from dual;

A
--------
fallback

SQL> select nvl2(null,'yes','no')as a from dual;

A
--
no

SQL> select upper(name)from employees;

UPPER(NAME
----------
ALICE
BOB
CHARLIE
DAVID
EVE
FRANK
GRACE
HANK
IVY
JAKE

10 rows selected.

SQL> select lower(name)from employees;

LOWER(NAME
----------
alice
bob
charlie
david
eve
frank
grace
hank
ivy
jake

10 rows selected.

SQL> select substr(name,1,3)from employees;

SUBSTR(NAME,
------------
Ali
Bob
Cha
Dav
Eve
Fra
Gra
Han
Ivy
Jak

10 rows selected.

SQL> select RIGHT(name,3)from employees;

select RIGHT(name,3)from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "RIGHT": invalid identifier

SQL> select substr((select length(name)-3),(select length(name))from employees;

select substr((select length(name)-3),(select length(name))from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select substr((select length(name) - 3 from employees ),(select length(name)

from employees)from employees;
select substr((select length(name) - 3 from employees ),(select length(name) from
employees)from employees

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis

SQL> select substr(name,(length(name)-3),length(name))from employees;

SUBSTR(NAME,(LENGTH(NAME)-3),LENGTH(NAME
----------------------------------------
lice
Bob
rlie
avid
Eve
rank
race
Hank
Ivy
Jake

10 rows selected.

SQL> select substr(name,(length(name)-2),length(name))from employees;

SUBSTR(NAME,(LENGTH(NAME)-2),LENGTH(NAME
----------------------------------------
ice
Bob
lie
vid
Eve
ank
ace
ank
Ivy
ake

10 rows selected.

SQL> select trim(' ' from names)from employees;

select trim(' ' from names)from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "NAMES": invalid identifier

SQL> select trim(' ' from name)from employees;

TRIM(''FRO
----------
Alice
Bob
Charlie
David
Eve
Frank
Grace
Hank
Ivy
Jake

10 rows selected.

SQL> desc employees

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMP_ID NUMBER(2)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB_TITLE VARCHAR2(40)
DEP_ID NUMBER(3)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
SQL> select replace(job_title,'Engineer','Devloper') from employees;

REPLACE(JOB_TITLE,'ENGINEER','DEVLOPER')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Software Devloper
Data Scientist
Devlopering Manager
System Analyst
Cybersecurity Analyst
AI Devloper
Cloud Devloper
DevOps Devloper
Network Devloper
Embeded System Devloper

10 rows selected.

SQL> select concat(name,job_titles) from employees;

select concat(name,job_titles) from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "JOB_TITLES": invalid identifier

SQL> select concat(name,job_title) from employees;

CONCAT(NAME,JOB_TITLE)
--------------------------------------------------
AliceSoftware Engineer
BobData Scientist
CharlieEngineering Manager
DavidSystem Analyst
EveCybersecurity Analyst
FrankAI Engineer
GraceCloud Engineer
HankDevOps Engineer
IvyNetwork Engineer
JakeEmbeded System Engineer

10 rows selected.

SQL> select substr(name,2,4)from employees;

SUBSTR(NAME,2,4)
----------------
lice
ob
harl
avid
ve
rank
race
ank
vy
ake

10 rows selected.
SQL> select round(salary,1000) from employees;

ROUND(SALARY,1000)
------------------
70000
75000
95000
72000
69000
80000
73000

68000
73000

10 rows selected.

SQL> select abs(select max(salary) from employess - select min(salary) from

employees) from employees;
select abs(select max(salary) from employess - select min(salary) from employees)
from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression

SQL> select abs(select max(salary) from employees - select min(salary) from

employees) from employees;
select abs(select max(salary) from employees - select min(salary) from employees)
from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression

SQL> select abs ((select max(salary) from employees - select min(salary) from
employees)) from employees;
select abs ((select max(salary) from employees - select min(salary) from
employees)) from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis

SQL> select abs ((select max(salary) from employees) - (select min(salary) from
employees)) from employees;

ABS((SELECTMAX(SALARY)FROMEMPLOYEES)-(SELECTMIN(SALARY)FROMEMPLOYEES))
----------------------------------------------------------------------
27000
27000
27000
27000
27000
27000
27000
27000
27000
27000
10 rows selected.

SQL> select sqrt(select max(salary) from employees) from employees;

select sqrt(select max(salary) from employees) from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression

SQL> select sqrt (select max(salary) from employees) from employees;

select sqrt (select max(salary) from employees) from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00936: missing expression

SQL> select power ((select max(salary) from employees),.5) from employees;

POWER((SELECTMAX(SALARY)FROMEMPLOYEES),.5)
------------------------------------------
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207
308.2207

10 rows selected.

SQL> select rand(1,100) from employees;

select rand(1,100) from employees
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "RAND": invalid identifier

SQL> select rand(1,100) from dual;

select rand(1,100) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "RAND": invalid identifier

SQL> select log(max(employees.salary),10) from dual;

select log(max(employees.salary),10) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "EMPLOYEES"."SALARY": invalid identifier

SQL> select log((select max(salary) from employees),10) from dual;

LOG((SELECTMAX(SALARY)FROMEMPLOYEES),10)
----------------------------------------
 .200895043

SQL> select sysdate(current_date) from duak;

select sysdate(current_date) from duak
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select sysdate (current_date) from dual;

select sysdate (current_date) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
---------
10-FEB-25