P&C MATHEMATICS

1. Find the number of ways in which 4 boys and 2 girls (all are of different heights) can be arranged in
a line so that boys as well as girls among themselves are in decreasing order of height (from left to
right).
Ans. 15

Sol. 6
C2⨯1⨯1 = 15

2. The number of combination of 16 things, 8 of which are alike and the rest different, taken 8 at a time
is ..............
Ans: (256)

Sol: As selecting 8 objects from n objects which are alike is 1

 Number of ways

 8C0  8C1  8C2  8C3  8C4  8C5  8C6  8C7  8C8

 28  256

3. In how many ways we can pick 5 letters out of ARRANGEMENT

Sol: (a) Given, 2A, 2R, 2N, 2E, 1M, 1T, 1G

Different 5 letter combination can be

(i) 2 alike, 2 alike, 1 different  4C2  5C1

 6  5  30

(ii) 2 alike, 3 different  4C1  6C3

 4  20  80

(iii) All different = 7C5 = 21

⸫total number of ways = 30 + 80 + 21 = 131

4. The interior angles of a regular polygon measure 150° each. Find the number of diagonals of the
polygon.
Sol: Let n be the number of sides of a polygon


 n  2 180
 150
n
  n  2  6  5n
 6n  5n  12
 n  12

 Number of diagonal  12C2  12

 66  12  54

5. 18 points are indicated on the perimeter of a triangle ABC (see figure). How many triangles are
there with vertices at these points?

Ans: (711)

Sol: There are total 18 points

Out of which 7, 7, 7 are respective collinear points on sides

⸫Total number of triangles

 18C3  3  7 C3 
 711

6. Consider 9 points out of which 4 are collinear. Joining these points how many
(a) lines will be made

(b) triangles will be made

(c) Quadrilaterals will be made

(d) Pentagons will be made

Sol: (a) Given out of 9 points, 5 are non-collinear and 4 are collinear

Number of lines  9C2  4C2  1

  36  6  1  31

(b) Triangles can be made

 5C3  5C2  4C1  5C1  4C2

 10  40  30
 80

(c) quadrilateral can be made

 5C4  5C3  4C1  5C2  4C2

 5  40  60
 105

(d) Pentagons can be made

 5C5  5C4  4C1  5C3  4C2

 1  20  60
 81

7. Triangles are formed joining the marked points as vertices, when

(i) A is excluded &

(ii) A is included

Find ratio of number of triangles.

Ans: (7:9)

Sol: (i) when A is excluded then

Number of triangles

 9C3  4C3  5C3

 84  4  10
 70
 (ii) when A is included, then

Number of triangles

 10C3  5C3  6C3

 90

70
 ratio   7:9
90

8. There are m points on a straight line AB and n points on the line AC none of them being the point A.
Triangles are formed with these points as vertices, when
(i) A is excluded

(ii) A is included

The ratio of number of triangle in the two cases is:

mn2
Ans: ( )
mn

Sol: Generalizing, given m points on AB and n points on AC (excluding A)

(i) Number of triangles when A is excluded

 m  nC3  mC3  nC3

 mn2

(ii) Number of triangles when A is included

 m  n 1C3  m 1C3  n 1C3

 mn

mn2
⸫ratio =
mn

9. In a plane there are 6 lines, no two of which are parallel & no three are concurrent. How many
triangles can be formed with their points of intersection as vertices
Ans: (395)

Sol: Here, 6 lines will give point of intersection = 6C2 = 15

Also, all other 5 lines intersect collinearly on one line such that those 5 points are collinear

⸫Number of triangles
  15C3  6  5 C3 
 455  6 10 
 455  60
 395

10. How many squares & rectangles are there in 8 × 8 chessboard

Ans: (204)

Sol: In a chess board there are 9 vertical lines and 9 horizontal lines

⸫Number of rectangles  9C2  9C2  1296

For squares, we have to take lines at equal distance

Means 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, …. , 8-9 (8 horizontal and 8 vertical)

or 1-3, 2-4, …., 7-9 (7 horizontal and 7 vertical)

and so on

⸫Number of squares

 82  7 2  62  ...  2 2  12
8  8  116  1

6
 204

11. (a) Out of seven consonants and four vowels, the number of words of six letters, formed by taking
four consonants and two vowels is (Assume that each ordered group of letter is a word):
(b) Find the number of permutations of the word “AUROBIND” in which vowels appear in an
alphabetical order.
(c) Find the number of permutations of the word “AUROBIND” in which no two vowels come
together.
Sol: (a) Six letters words containing 4 consonants out of given 7 consonants and 2 vowels out of given 4
vowels

 7C4  4C2  6!
 151200

8!
(b) Arrangements in which vowels appear in alphabetical order =
4!
 (c) 5C4 4!4!

12. Find the number of ways in which letters of the word VALEDICTORY be arranged so that the
vowels may never be separated.
Ans: (967680)

Sol: Given, V, L, D, C, T, R, Y, A, E, I, O

Keeping vowels together

Number of different words = 8! × 4! = 967680

13. Four visitors A, B, C & D arrive at a town which has 5 hotels. In how many ways can they disperse
themselves among 5 hotels, if 4 hotels are used to accommodate them.
Ans (120)

Sol: Out of 5 hotels only 4 are used to accommodate

⸫Number of ways = 5C4 × 4!

= 5 × 24 = 120 ways

14. Number of six digit numbers which have 3 digits even and 3 digits odd, if each is to be used atmost
once is ..............
Ans (64800)

Sol: Here, we have 5 odd digits and 5 even digits which includes 0 also which can’t be in the first
position
Total such number

 5C3  5C3  6! 5C3  4C2  5!

 72000  7200
 64800

15. If m denotes the number of 5 digit numbers if each successive digits are in their descending order of
magnitude and n is the corresponding figure, when the digits are in their ascending order of
magnitude then (m – n) has the value
Ans: ( 9 C5 )

Sol: Here, m denotes 5 digit number in descending order = 10C5

n denotes 5 digit number in ascending order = 9C5

  m  n  10C5  9C5  9C5

16. There are n concurrent lines and another line parallel to one of them. The number of different
triangles that will be formed by the (n + 1) lines, is
(n  1)(n  2)
Ans.
2
Sol. In this case, one side will be the parallel line which is non-concurrent.
The other parallel line cannot form any triangle.
So, the remaining two sides can be chosen in n-1C2 ways
(n  1)(n  2)

2
17. The number of ways in which we can choose 3 squares of unit area on a chess board such that one of
the squares has its two sides common to other two squares
Ans. 292
Sol. Total number of square having unit area on chess board = 88 =64
1 1'
2 2'
3 3'
For square at 1 position, No of ways of chasing 3 square = 1
For square at 1’ position, No of ways of choosing 3 square = 3
For square at 2 position, No of ways of choosing 3 square = 3
At position 2, Number of ways of choosing 3 square = 6,

18. Given 11 points, of which 5 lies on one circle, other than these 5, no 4 lie on one circle. Then the
maximum number of circles that can be drawn so that each contains atleast three of the given points
is :
Ans. 156
Sol. Given that, In 11 points, 5 lie on one circle, other than these, no 4 lie on one circle. As we know,
from 3 points one circle will be formed.
So,
i) Selecting 2 points from 5 lies on one circle and 1 from other circle. = 5C2 x 6C1
= 60
ii) Selecting 1 points from 5 lie on one circle and 2 from other circle = 5C1 x 6C2
 = 75
iii) Selecting all 3 points from other 6 points = 6C3
iv) One circle is already drawn from 5 points
Total number of circles = 60 + 75 + 20 + 1=156
19. Two classrooms A and B having capacity of 25 and (n – 25) seats respectively. An denotes the
number of possible seating arrangements of room ‘A’, when ‘n’ students are to be seated in these
rooms, starting from room ‘A’ which is to be filled up full to its capacity.
If An – An – 1 = 25 ! (49C25) then ‘n’ equals
Ans. 50

20. In how many ways it is possible to select six letters, including at least one vowel from the letters of
the word “F L A B E L L I F O R M”. (It is a picnic spot in U. S. A.)
Ans. 296