MEDITERRANEAN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

PROGRAM: Undergraduate Program in Management

COURSE: Introduction to project management

PROFESSOR: Dr. Amel BEN MABROUK
TERM: Spring 2024

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 CHAPTER 2
Project life cycle
And
Project Integration Management

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 By the end of this chapter, you should be able to

❑ Describe the project life cycle

❑ Explain how the project life cycle differs from the product life cycle

❑ Select the appropriate process groups to apply in each project management

knowledge area

❑ Define what integration management is

Project life cycle

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Characteristics of the project life cycle

▪ Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, increase as the work is carried out, and drop
rapidly as the project draws to a close.

▪ Risk is greatest at the start of the project. These factors decrease over the life cycle of the
project as decisions are reached and as deliverables are accepted.

▪ The cost of making changes and correcting errors typically increases substantially as the
project approaches completion.

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Characteristics of the project life cycle

▪ Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, increase as the work is carried out, and drop
rapidly as the project draws to a close.

▪ Risk is greatest at the start of the project. These factors decrease over the life cycle of the
project as decisions are reached and as deliverables are accepted.

▪ The cost of making changes and correcting errors typically increases substantially as the
project approaches completion.

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Characteristics of the project life cycle (cont’d)
STARTING ORGANISING CLOSING
CARRYING OUT THE WORK
THE PROJECT & PREPARING THE PROJECT

COST AND STAFFING LEVEL

Resources
Utilized

TIME
PROJECT Project Archived
MGT Project Accepted
Management Project
OUTPUTS Charter Deliverables
Plan Documents

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Characteristics of the project life cycle

▪ Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, increase as the work is carried out, and drop
rapidly as the project draws to a close.

▪ Risk is greatest at the start of the project. These factors decrease over the life cycle of the
project as decisions are reached and as deliverables are accepted.

▪ The cost of making changes and correcting errors typically increases substantially as the
project approaches completion.

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Characteristics of the project life cycle (cont’d)
STARTING ORGANISING
CARRYING OUT THE WORK CLOSING
THE PROJECT & PREPARING
THE PROJECT

Risk and Uncertainties

High

Low

TIME

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Characteristics of the project life cycle

▪ Cost and staffing levels are low at the start, increase as the work is carried out, and drop
rapidly as the project draws to a close.

▪ Risk is greatest at the start of the project. These factors decrease over the life cycle of the
project as decisions are reached and as deliverables are accepted.

▪ The cost of making changes and correcting errors typically increases substantially as the
project approaches completion.

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Characteristics of the project life cycle (cont’d)
STARTING ORGANISING
CARRYING OUT THE WORK CLOSING
THE PROJECT & PREPARING
THE PROJECT

High
Cost of change

Low

TIME

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Project & Product life cycle

A project life cycle is A product life cycle is the series

the series of phases of phases that represent the
that a project passes evolution of a product, from
through from its start concept through delivery,
to its completion. growth, maturity, and retirement.

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Project Phases

▪ A project may be divided into any number of phases

▪ The number of phases, the need for phases, and the degree of control applied

depend on the size, complexity, and potential impact of the project

▪ Project phases typically are completed sequentially, but can overlap in some project

situations

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Project Phases (cont’d)

Sequential
relationship

a phase starts only when the previous phase is completed

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Project Phases: example

Sequential
relationship

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Project Phases

a phase starts prior

to completion of the
previous
one

Overlapping
relationship

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Project Phases: example

Overlapping
relationship

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Project Phases: example

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Milestones & Deliverables

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Project Management Process Groups
Project management is composed of five process groups:
▪ Initiating Process Group
▪ Planning Process Group
▪ Executing Process Group
▪ Monitoring and Controlling Process Group
▪ Closing Process Group

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 Project Management Process Groups
Describe the interactions between project process groups and project management knowledge areas
Knowledge Areas Project Management Process Groups
Initiating Process Group Planning Process Group Executing Process Group Monitoring and Controlling Process Closing Process Group
Group
Project Integration - Develop Project Charter - Develop Project Management Plan - Direct and Manage Project Work - Monitor and Control Project Work - Close Project or Phase
Management - Perform Integrated Change Control
Project Scope - Plan Scope Management - Validate Scope
Management - Collect Requirements - Control Scope
- Define Scope
- Create WBS
Project Time - Plan Schedule Management - Control Schedule
Management - Define Activities
- Sequence Activities
- Estimate Activity Resources
- Estimate Activity Durations
- Develop Schedule

Project Cost - Plan Cost Management - Control Costs

Management - Estimate Costs
- Determine Budget
Project Quality - Plan Quality Management - Perform Quality Assurance - Control Quality
Management
Project Human Resource - Plan Human Resource Management - Acquire Project Team
Management - Develop Project Team
- Manage Project Team
Project Communications - Plan Communications Management - Manage Communications - Control Communications
Management
Project Risk - Plan Risk Management - Control Risks
Management - Identify Risks
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
- Plan Risk Responses

Project Procurement - Plan Procurement Management - Conduct Procurements - Control Procurements - Close Procurements
Management
Project Stakeholder - Identify Stakeholders - Plan Stakeholder Management - Manage Stakeholder Engagement - Control Stakeholder Engagement
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Project Management Process Groups : Example
Number Questions Answers
1 If you want to begin to “Collect Requirements”, which process
or processes should you complete before doing that?
2 “Validate Scope” is part of what Process Group?
3 I am starting “Estimate Activity Durations”. What process should I
have completed?
4 The “Direct and Manage Project Work” process is in what
Knowledge Area?
5 After completing the “Identify Risks” process, which process
should follow?
6 In what Process Group would you perform the “Conduct
Procurement” process

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Project Integration
Management

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 Project Integration Management

▪ Project integration management covers the processes that together ensure

that the various elements of the project are properly coordinated

▪ Project integration management is the key to overall project success

Knowledge Project Management Process Groups

Area Initiating Process Group Planning Process Group Executing Process Group Monitoring and Controlling Closing Process
Process Group Group
Project -Develop Project -Develop Project -Direct and Manage -Monitor and Control -Close Project or
Integration Charter Management Plan Project Work Project Work Phase
Management -Perform Integrated
Change Control

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Project Integration Management processes
Inputs Processes Outputs

Project statement of work

Develop Project Charter Project charter
Business case

Project charter Develop Project

project management plan
Outputs from other processes Management Plan

Deliverables
Project management plan Direct and Manage Project
Change requests
Approved change requests Work
Work performance data

Project management plan Monitor and Control Project Change requests

Schedule and Cost forecasts Work Work performance reports
Validated changes

Work performance reports Perform Integrated Change

Approved change requests
Change requests Control

Project management plan Final product, service, or result

Close The Project or Phase
Accepted deliverables transition

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Project Charter

▪Developing the project charter involves working with stakeholders to create the
document that formally authorizes a project —the charter.

▪A project charter is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and
provides direction on the project’s objectives and management.

▪Key project stakeholders should sign a project charter to acknowledge agreement on

the need and intent of the project.

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Project Charter (cont’d)

Inputs Process Output

Project statement of work
Develop Project Charter Project charter
Business case

➢ Project statement of work: a description of products, services, or results to be delivered

by a project.
➢ Business case: customer request, market demand...

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Project Charter (cont’d)

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Project Charter (cont’d)

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Project Charter (cont’d)

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Project management plan

▪ Developing the project management plan involves coordinating all planning efforts to
create a consistent and coherent document—the project management plan.

▪ A project management plan is the document that describes how the project will be
executed, monitored, and controlled.

▪ Plans created in the other knowledge areas are subsidiary parts of the overall project
management plan.

Inputs Process Output

Project charter Develop Project project management

Outputs from other processes Management Plan plan

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Project management plan (cont’d)

Common Elements of a Project Management Plan

➢ Introduction or overview of the project

➢ Description of how the project is organized

➢ Management and technical processes used on the project

➢ Work to be done, schedule, and budget information

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Project Integration Management

▪ Consistent communication between the project team

▪ Successful completion of the project phases on time, cost and budget

▪ Better control over the project in terms of time, budget and any deviation from
the scope

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