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CMP 6

The document presents a laboratory assignment for evaluating double integrals using numerical methods, specifically the trapezoidal and Simpson's rules, as well as Gauss-Legendre quadrature. It includes Python code for calculating the integrals of the function e^(x+y) and 1/(1+x²) over specified limits, yielding results for both methods. The final results are provided for each method, highlighting the numerical approximations obtained.

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12 views4 pages

CMP 6

The document presents a laboratory assignment for evaluating double integrals using numerical methods, specifically the trapezoidal and Simpson's rules, as well as Gauss-Legendre quadrature. It includes Python code for calculating the integrals of the function e^(x+y) and 1/(1+x²) over specified limits, yielding results for both methods. The final results are provided for each method, highlighting the numerical approximations obtained.

Uploaded by

cynosure
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE

Name: Dhruv Pravin Kalbhor


TY BTech Mechanical, Batch: H
MIS: 642310022
Subject: CMP (Laboratory)

1. Evaluate ∫∫ e^(x+y) dx dy, with limits from 0 to 1 for both integrals,


using (i) trapezoidal rule (ii) Simpson's rule and taking h = k = 0.5.

import numpy as np

# Define the function


def f(x, y):
return np.exp(x + y)

# Define integration parameters


a, b = 0, 1 # Limits for x
c, d = 0, 1 # Limits for y
h = k = 0.5 # Step sizes

# Discretize the domain


x_vals = np.arange(a, b + h, h)
y_vals = np.arange(c, d + k, k)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x_vals, y_vals)
Z = f(X, Y)

# Trapezoidal Rule
def trapezoidal_2d(Z, h, k):
m, n = Z.shape
integral = 0
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):

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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE

weight = 1
if i == 0 or i == m - 1:
weight *= 0.5
if j == 0 or j == n - 1:
weight *= 0.5
integral += weight * Z[i, j]
return integral * h * k

# Simpson's Rule
def simpsons_2d(Z, h, k):
m, n = Z.shape
if m % 2 == 0 or n % 2 == 0:
raise ValueError("Simpson's rule requires an odd number of points in
both directions.")

integral = 0
for i in range(m):
for j in range(n):
if i == 0 or i == m - 1 or j == 0 or j == n - 1:
weight = 1
elif (i % 2 == 1 and j % 2 == 1):
weight = 4
elif (i % 2 == 1 or j % 2 == 1):
weight = 2
else:
weight = 1
integral += weight * Z[i, j]

return (h * k / 9) * integral

# Compute the integral values


trapezoidal_result = trapezoidal_2d(Z, h, k)
simpsons_result = simpsons_2d(Z, h, k)

print("Trapezoidal Rule Result:", trapezoidal_result)


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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE

print("Simpson's Rule Result:", simpsons_result)

The results for the given double integral are:


 Trapezoidal Rule: 3.07633.07633.0763
 Simpson's Rule: 1.02671.02671.0267

2. Evaluate the integral I = ∫ (from 0 to 1) dx / (1 + x²) using (i) 2-point and


(ii) 3-point Gauss-Legendre's Quadrature formula.

import numpy as np

# Define the function


def f(x):
return 1 / (1 + x**2)

# Transform from [a, b] to [-1,1]


def gauss_legendre_quadrature(n, a, b, f):
# Get nodes and weights for n-point Gauss-Legendre quadrature
nodes, weights = np.polynomial.legendre.leggauss(n)

# Transform nodes from [-1,1] to [a,b]


transformed_nodes = 0.5 * (b - a) * nodes + 0.5 * (b + a)

# Compute integral approximation

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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE

integral = 0.5 * (b - a) * np.sum(weights * f(transformed_nodes))


return integral

# Limits of integration
a, b = 0, 1

# Compute integral using 2-point and 3-point Gauss-Legendre quadrature


integral_2_point = gauss_legendre_quadrature(2, a, b, f)
integral_3_point = gauss_legendre_quadrature(3, a, b, f)

# Print results
print("2-Point Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Result:", integral_2_point)
print("3-Point Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Result:", integral_3_point)

The results for the given integral using Gauss-Legendre Quadrature are:
 2-Point Rule: 0.78690.78690.7869
 3-Point Rule: 0.78530.78530.7853

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