Scribd
Upload
5 views2 pages

Structure: Input Layer Hidden Layers

A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is an artificial neural network with multiple layers designed to model complex relationships between inputs and outputs. Key components include input, hidden, and output layers, as well as neurons, weights, biases, and activation functions. MLPs are used in various applications such as classification, regression, and pattern recognition.

Uploaded by

Rosemary Sanni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views2 pages

Structure: Input Layer Hidden Layers

A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is an artificial neural network with multiple layers designed to model complex relationships between inputs and outputs. Key components include input, hidden, and output layers, as well as neurons, weights, biases, and activation functions. MLPs are used in various applications such as classification, regression, and pattern recognition.

Uploaded by

Rosemary Sanni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is a type of artificial neural network (ANN) that consists of

multiple layers of nodes (neurons). It is designed to model complex relationships between inputs
and outputs by learning from data. Here's a brief overview of the key components and concepts
related to MLPs:

Structure

1. Input Layer:
o This layer consists of input neurons, each representing a feature in the input data.
2. Hidden Layers:
o One or more layers between the input and output layers.
o Each hidden layer consists of multiple neurons that perform computations using a
weighted sum of inputs and an activation function.
3. Output Layer:
o This layer produces the final output of the network. The number of neurons in the
output layer depends on the type of problem (e.g., one neuron for binary
classification, multiple neurons for multi-class classification, or a single neuron
for regression).

Key Components

1. Neurons:
o Basic units of an MLP that compute weighted sums of their inputs and apply an
activation function.
2. Weights:
o Parameters that are learned during training. They determine the strength and
direction of the influence of one neuron on another.
3. Biases:
o Additional parameters that are added to the weighted sum before applying the
activation function.
4. Activation Functions:
o Non-linear functions applied to the output of each neuron. Common activation
functions include:
 Sigmoid: σ(x)=11+e−x\sigma(x) = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}}σ(x)=1+e−x1
 ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit): ReLU(x)=max⁡(0,x)\text{ReLU}(x) = \
max(0, x)ReLU(x)=max(0,x)
 Tanh: tanh⁡(x)=ex−e−xex+e−x\tanh(x) = \frac{e^x - e^{-x}}{e^x + e^{-
x}}tanh(x)=ex+e−xex−e−x

Training Process

1. Forward Propagation:
o Inputs are passed through the network, layer by layer, to produce an output.
2. Loss Function:
oA function that measures the difference between the predicted output and the
actual target values. Common loss functions include Mean Squared Error (MSE)
for regression and Cross-Entropy Loss for classification.
3. Backpropagation:
o An algorithm for updating the weights and biases based on the gradient of the loss
function with respect to each parameter. This involves:
 Calculating the gradient of the loss function with respect to the output.
 Propagating these gradients backward through the network using the chain
rule.
 Adjusting the weights and biases using gradient descent or other
optimization algorithms.
4. Optimization Algorithms:
o Methods used to minimize the loss function by adjusting the weights and biases.
Common algorithms include:
 Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD): Updates parameters using the
gradient of the loss for a single or a few training examples.
 Adam (Adaptive Moment Estimation): Combines the advantages of two
other extensions of stochastic gradient descent, Adaptive Gradient
Algorithm (AdaGrad) and Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSProp).

Applications

MLPs are versatile and can be used for a variety of tasks, including:

 Classification (e.g., image and speech recognition)


 Regression (e.g., predicting house prices)
 Time series prediction
 Pattern recognition

You might also like