Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Semester T.E. Semester VI – EXTC Engineering
Subject MCS
Laboratory In- Prof. Beena R Ballal
Charge
Laboratory M-516
Student Name Adarsh Halse
Roll Number 22104B00020
Grade and
Subject
Teacher’s
Signature
Problem Statement 05
Number
Problem Statement To observe the effect of change in obstruction height on
Fresnel Diffraction parameter and simulate the nature of
knife edge
diffraction gain as a function of Fresnel Diffraction
parameter.
Resource Hardware: PC/Laptop Software: MATLAB 2024b
s/ with internet
Apparatus connection
Required
Algorithm: 1. Consider d1=1Km,d2=1 km, wavelength= 1/3
2. Take values of h ranging from +ve, 0, -ve
3. 3. Calculate v using the formula G, (dB) = 20log|F (v)
4. 4. Consider the formula
5.Vary value of v as shown and plot Gd(dB) v/s v US-1 -ISUSO G
(dB) = 20log (0.5-0.620) G (dB) = 20log (0.5 exp (-0.95v)) G4
(dB) = 20log 0.4-
√0.1184-(0.38-0.10)²) G4 (dB) = 201og9.225
MATLAB Code: clc; clear; close all;
% Given parameters
d1 = 1e3; % Distance d1 in
meters d2 = 1e3; % Distance
d2 in meters
lambda = 1/3; % Wavelength in meters
% Range of h values (Height variation)
h = linspace(-100, 100, 1000); % Adjust as needed
% Calculate v using the given formula
v = (h .* sqrt(2 ./ (lambda * (d1 + d2)))) .* sqrt(d1 .* d2 / (d1 + d2));
% Define Gd(dB) based on v
ranges Gd = zeros(size(v));
% Conditions for different values of v
idx1 = (v <= -1);
idx2 = (-1 < v) & (v <=
0); idx3 = (0 < v) & (v
<= 1); idx4 = (1 < v) &
(v <= 2.4); idx5 = (v >
2.4);
% Apply corresponding formulas with checks for log input
validity Gd(idx1) = 0;
% Ensure the argument of the logarithm is positive
Gd(idx2) = 20 * log10(abs(0.5 - 0.62 * v(idx2))); % Take abs to avoid log of
negative Gd(idx3) = 20 * log10(abs(0.5 * exp(-0.95 * v(idx3)))); % Take
abs to avoid log of negative
Gd(idx4) = 20 * log10(abs(0.4 - 0.1184 * (0.38 - 0.1 * v(idx4)).^3)); % Take
abs to avoid log of negative
Gd(idx5) = 20 * log10(abs(0.225 ./ v(idx5))); % Take abs to avoid log of
negative
% Plot the results
figure;
plot(v, Gd, 'b', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
xlabel('Fresnel Diffraction Parameter
v'); ylabel('Knife-Edge Diffraction Gain
G_d (dB)');
title('Knife-Edge Diffraction Loss vs Fresnel Diffraction
Parameter'); grid on;
Response/Output
Conclusion: The experiment highlights the relationship between obstruction height
and the Fresnel Diffraction parameter (ν\nu). As the height of
the obstruction increases, ν\nu also increases, leading to greater
diffraction loss. When the obstruction is within or above the first
Fresnel zone, the signal experiences significant attenuation,
whereas if it is below the first Fresnel zone, diffraction effects
become negligible. This behavior is crucial in wave propagation, where
minimizing obstruction height can help maintain signal strength
and reduce losses.
The simulation of knife-edge diffraction gain as a function of ν\nu
shows a
distinct trend: for small or negative values of ν\nu, diffraction
gain is high, meaning minimal signal degradation. However, as ν\
nu increases beyond 1, diffraction loss rises sharply, reducing
signal strength. This insight is particularly useful in wireless
communication and antenna placement, where maintaining a
clear Fresnel zone can enhance signal transmission efficiency and
minimize disruptions caused by obstacles.
Numerical:
(Handwritten on
Journal paper to
be submitted
with the
writeup)
SOlUTION:
