UNIT – IV

Cloud Service Models

Cloud Deployment models:
• Deployment models can be defined as the different ways in which the cloud can be
deployed. These models are fully user centric, that is, these depend on users’ requirement
and convenience. A user selects a model based on his or her requirement and needs.
Basically, there are four types of deployment models in the cloud:
• 1. Private cloud 2. Public cloud 3. Community cloud 4. Hybrid cloud
• Cloud computing is a model that enables the end users to access the shared pool of
resources such as compute, network, storage, database, and application as an on-demand
service without the need to buy or own it.

Cloud Service models:

Cloud service models categorized into three types of services
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
User and Service provider responsibilities of cloud service models

Cloud services and cloud service providers

Infrastructure as a Service
• IaaS changes the way that the compute, storage, and networking resources are consumed.
• In traditional data centers, the computing power is consumed by having physical access to
the infrastructure.
• IaaS changes the computing from a physical infrastructure to a virtual infrastructure.
• IaaS provides virtual computing, storage, and network resources by abstracting the physical
resources.
• All the virtual resources are given to the virtual machines (VMs) that are configured by the
service provider.
• The end users or IT architects will use the infrastructure resources in the form of VMs.
• The targeted audience of IaaS is the IT architect. The IT architect can design virtual
infrastructure, network, load balancers, etc., based on their needs.
The end users or IT architects will use the infrastructure resources in the form of VMs.

Services provided by IaaS providers.

• The physical infrastructure can be maintained by the service providers themselves. Thus, it
eliminates or hides the complexity of maintaining the physical infrastructure from the IT
architects.
• 1.Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units (CPUs) and
virtual main memory for the VMs that are provisioned to the end users.
• 2. Storage: STaaS provides back-end storage for the VM images. Some of the IaaS providers
also provide the back end for storing files.
• 3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides virtual networking components such as
virtual router, switch, and bridge for the VMs.
 • 4. Load balancers: Load Balancing as a Service may provide load balancing capability at the
infrastructure layer
•

Characteristics of IaaS
• IaaS providers offer virtual computing resources to the consumers on a payas-you-go basis.
• IaaS contains the characteristics of cloud computing such as on-demand self-service, broad
network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service. Apart from all
these, IaaS has its own unique characteristics as follows
– Web access to the resources
– Centralized management
– Elasticity and dynamic scaling
– Shared infrastructure
– Preconfigured VMs
– Metered services
• Web access to the resources: The IaaS model enables the IT users to access infrastructure
resources over the Internet. When accessing a huge computing power, the IT user need not
get physical access to the servers. Through any web browsers or management console, the
users can access the required infrastructure.
• Centralized management: The resources distributed across different parts can be controlled
from any management console. This ensures effective resource management and effective
resource utilization.
• Elasticity and dynamic scaling: IaaS provides elastic services where the usage of resources
can be increased or decreased according to the requirements. According to the load, IaaS
services can provide the resources. The load on any application is dynamic and IaaS services
are capable of proving the required services dynamically.
• Shared infrastructure: IaaS follows a one-to-many delivery model and allows multiple IT
users to share the same physical infrastructure. The different IT users will be given different
VMs. IaaS ensures high resource utilization.
• Preconfigured VMs: IaaS providers offer preconfigured VMs with operating systems (OSs),
network configuration, etc. The IT users can select any kind of VMs of their choice.The users
can directly start using the VMs as soon as they subscribed to the services.
• Metered services: IaaS allows the IT users to rent the computing resources instead of buying
it. The services consumed by the IT user will be measured, and the users will be charged by
the IaaS providers based on the amount of usage.
Suitability of IaaS
• IaaS reduces the total cost of ownership (TCO) and increases the return on investment (ROI)
for start-up companies that cannot invest more in buying infrastructure. IaaS can be used in
the following situations:
– Unpredictable spikes in usage
– Limited capital investment
– Infrastructure on demand
• IaaS helps start-up companies limit its capital expenditure.
• While it is widely used by start-up companies, there are some situations where IaaS may not
be the best option. In following situations, IT users should avoid using the IaaS
– When regulatory compliance does not allow off-premise hosting.
– When usage is minimal
– When better performance is required(due to network latency)
– When there is a need for more control on physical infrastructure

Pros and Cons of IaaS

• Pros:
– 1. Pay-as-you-use model
– 2. Reduced TCO
– 3. Elastic resources
– 4. Better resource utilization
– 5. Supports Green IT
• Cons
– 1.Security issues: If hypervisors get compromised, then any VMs can be attacked
easily.
– 2. Interoperability issues: It is very difficult to migrate any VM from one IaaS
provider to the other. Sometimes, the customers might face the vendor lock-in
problem.
– 3. Performance issues:all the distributed servers are connected over the network.
Latency of the network plays an important role in deciding the performance.
Summary of IaaS Providers

Platform as a Service
• PaaS changes the way that the software is developed and deployed.
• Most of the applications developed by traditional development platforms result in a
licensing-based software, whereas PaaS changes the application development from local
machine to online.
• PaaS providers provide the development PaaS from the data center. The developers can
consume the services over the Internet

Overview of PaaS.
Services provided by PaaS providers
• PaaS allows the developers to develop their application online and also allows them to
deploy immediately on the same platform.
• PaaS consumers or developers can consume language runtimes, application frameworks,
databases, message queues, testing tools, and deployment tools as a service over the
Internet.

Characteristics of PaaS
• 1.All in one: Most of the PaaS providers offer services to develop, test, deploy, host, and
maintain applications in the same IDE.
• 2. Web access to the development platform: Using web UI, any developer can get access to
the development platform. The web-based UI helps the developers create, modify, test, and
deploy different applications on the same platform.
• 3. Offline access: PaaS providers allow the developer to synchronize their local IDE with the
PaaS services. The developers can develop an application locally and deploy it online
whenever they are connected to the Internet.
• 4. Built-in scalability: PaaS services provide built-in scalability to an application that is
developed using any particular PaaS. This ensures that the application is capable of handling
varying loads efficiently.
• 5. Collaborative platform: the development team consists of developers who are working
from different places. Most of the PaaS services provide support for collaborative
development. To enable collaboration among developers, most of the PaaS providers
provide tools for project planning and communication.
• 6. Diverse client tools: To make the development easier, PaaS providers provide a wide
variety of client tools to help the developer. The client tools include CLI, web CLI, web UI,
REST API, and IDE..
Suitability of PaaS
Most of the start-up SaaS development companies and independent software vendors (ISVs) widely
use PaaS in developing an application. PaaS is a suitable option for the following situations:
• 1. Collaborative development: it is a suitable option for applications that need
collaboration among developers and other third parties to carry out the development
process.
• 2. Automated testing and deployment: Automated testing and building of an application
are very useful while developing applications at a very short time frame. The automated
testing tools reduce the time spent in manual testing tools.
• 3. Time to market: If the software vendor wants their application to be in the market as
soon as possible, then the PaaS services are the best option for the development.
Situations where PaaS may not be the best option:
• 1. Frequent application migration: The major problem with PaaS services are vendor lock-
in.
• 2. Customization at the infrastructure level: PaaS is an abstracted service, and the PaaS
users do not have full control over the underlying infrastructure.
• 3. Flexibility at the platform level: PaaS provides template-based applications where all the
different programming languages, databases, and message queues are predefined. It is an
advantage if the application is a generic application.
• 4. Integration with on-premise application: many PaaS services use their own proprietary
technologies to define the application stack, it may not match with the on-premise
application stack.

Pros and Cons of PaaS

• The main advantage of using PaaS is that it hides the complexity of maintaining the platform
and underlying infrastructure.
Pros:
• 1. Quick development and deployment
• 2. Reduces TCO
• 3. Supports agile software development
• 4. Different teams can work together
• 5. Ease of use
• 6. Less maintenance overhead
• 7. Produces scalable applications.
 Cons:
• 1. Vendor lock-in
• 2. Security issues:
• 3. Less flexibility: PaaS providers do not give much freedom for the developers to define
their own application stack.
• 4. Depends on Internet connection
•

Summary of PaaS Providers

Software as a Service
• SaaS changes the way the software is delivered to the customers. In the traditional software
model, the software is delivered as a license-based product that needs to be installed in the
end user device.
• Since SaaS is delivered as an on-demand service over the Internet, there is no need to install
the software to the end user’s devices. SaaS services can be accessed or disconnected at any
time based on the end user’s needs.
• SaaS services can be accessed from any lightweight web browsers on any devices such as
laptops, tablets, and smartphones.
Characteristics of SaaS
• 1.One to many:
• 2. Web access:
• 3. Centralized management
• 4. Multidevice support
• 5. Better scalability
• 6. High availability: SaaS services ensure the 99.99% availability of user data as proper
backup and recovery mechanisms
• 7. API integration

Suitability of SaaS
• SaaS is popular among individuals and start-up companies because of the benefits it
provides
• SaaS applications are the best option for the following:
• 1. On-demand software
• 2. Software for start-up companies
• 3. Software compatible with multiple devices
• This implies that SaaS applications may not be the best option for all types of software. The
SaaS delivery model is not the best option for the applications mentioned in the following:
• 1. Real-time applications: If data are stored far away from the end user, the latency issues
may delay the data retrieval timings. Real-time applications require fast processing of data
that may not be possible with the SaaS applications because of the dependency on high-
speed Internet connectivity and latency issues.
 • 2. Applications with confidential data: Data security, data governance, and data
compliance are always issues with SaaS applications. Since data are stored with third-party
service providers, there is no surety that our data will be safe. If the stored confidential data
get lost, it will make a serious loss to the organization.
• 3. Better on-premise application: Some of the on-premise applications might fulfill all the
requirements of the organization. In such situations, migrating to the SaaS model may not
be the best option.

Pros and Cons of SaaS

• SaaS applications are used by a wide range of individuals and start-up industries for its cost-
related benefits. Apart from the cost-related benefits, SaaS services provide the following
Pros:
• 1. No client-side installation
• 2. Cost savings
• 3. Less maintenance
• 4. Ease of access
• 5. Dynamic scaling
• 6. Disaster recovery
• 7. Multitenancy: Multitenancy is the ability given to the end users to share a single instance
of the application. Multitenancy increases resource utilization from the service provider
side.
Cons:
• 1. Security: there is a possibility of data leakage. Here, the data are stored in the service
provider data center.
• 2.Connectivity requirements Sometimes, the end user’s Internet connectivity might be very
slow.
• 3. Loss of control: Since the data are stored in a third-party and offpremise location, the end
user does not have any control over the data.