Chapter 2 Units and Measurements

Directions: Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.

Q.1. Assertion : Dimensional constants are the quantities whose values are constant.
Reason : Dimensional constants are dimensionless.
Answer: (c) Dimensional constants are not dimensionless.

Q.2. Assertion : When we change the unit of measurement of a quantity, its numerical value
changes.
Reason : Smaller the unit of measurement smaller is its numerical value.
Answer: (c)

.9. Assertion : The number of significant figures depends on the least count of measuring
instrument.
Reason : Significant figures define the accuracy of measuring instrument.
Answer: (b)

Q.11. Assertion : Number of significant figures in 0.005 is one and that in 0.500 is three
Reason : This is because zeros are not significant.
Answer: (c) Since zeros placed to the left of the number are never significant, but zeros placed
to right of the number are significant

Q.13. Assertion : Energy cannot be divided by volume.

Reason : Dimensions for energy and volume are different.
Answer: (d)

CH 3 MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

Directions: Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
Q.1. Assertion : A body may be accelerated even when it is moving uniformly.
Reason : When direction of motion of the body is changing, the body must have acceleration.
Answer: (a) In uniform circular motion, there is acceleration of constant magnitude.

Q.2. Assertion : Displacement of a body may be zero when distance travelled by it is not zero.
Reason : The displacement is the longest distance between initial and final position.
Answer: (c) The displacement is the shortest distance between initial and final position. When
final position of a body coincides with its initial position, displacement is zero, but the distance
travelled is not zero.

Q.3. Assertion : For one dimensional motion the angle between acceleration and velocity must
be zero.
Reason : One dimensional motion is always on a straight line.
Answer: (d) One dimensional motion is always along straight line. But acceleration may be
opposite of velocity and so angle between them will be 180°.

Q.4. Assertion : Displacement of a body is vector sum of the area under velocity– time graph.
Reason : Displacement is a vector quantity.
Answer: (a) According to definition, displacement = velocity × time. Since displacement is a
vector quantity so its value is equal to the vector sum of the area under velocity-time graph.

Q.5. Assertion : The position-time graph of a uniform motion, in one dimension of a body
cannot have negative slope.
Reason : In one – dimensional motion the position does not reverse, so it cannot have a
negative slope.
Answer: (c)

Q.6. Assertion : Position-time graph of a stationary object is a straight line parallel to time axis.

Reason : For a stationary object, position does not change with time.
Answer: (a) Position-time graph for a stationary object is a straight line parallel to time axis
showing that not change in position with time.

Q.7. Assertion : Velocity-time graph for an object in uniform motion along a straight path is a
straight
line parallel to the time axis.
Reason : In uniform motion of an object velocity increases as the square of time elapsed.
Answer: (c) In uniform motion the object moves with uniform velocity, the magnitude of its
velocity at different instance i.e., at t = 0, t =1, sec, t = 2sec ….. will always be constant. Thus
velocity-time graph for an object in uniform motion along a straight path is a straight line
parallel to time axis.

Q.8. Assertion : The average and instantaneous velocities have same value in a uniform motion.
Reason : In uniform motion, the velocity of an object increases uniformly.
Answer: (c) In uniform motion the speed is same at each instant of motion.

Q.9. Assertion: The average velocity of the object over an interval of time is either smaller than
or equal to the average speed of the object over the same interval.
Reason: Velocity is a vector quantity and speed is a scalar quantity.
Answer: (a) Because displacement ≤ distance and so average velocity ≤ average speed.

Q.10. Assertion : The speedometer of an automobile measure the average speed of the
automobile.
Reason : Average velocity is equal to total displacement per total time taken.
AnswerAnswer: (d) Speedometer measures instantaneous speed of automobile.

Q.11. Assertion : An object can have constant speed but variable velocity.
Reason : Speed is a scalar but velocity is a vector quantity.
Answer: (a) Since velocity is a vector quantity, hence as its direction changes keeping
magnitude constant, velocity is said to be changed. But for constant speed in equal time
interval distance travelled should be equal.

Q.12. Assertion : position-time graph of a body moving uniformly in a straight line parallel to
position axis. Says body is at rest.
Reason : The slope of position-time graph in a uniform motion gives the velocity of an object.
Answer: (c) If the position-time graph of a body moving uniformly in a straight line parallel to
position axis, it means that the position of body is changing at constant time. The statement is
abrupt and shows that the velocity of body is infinite.

Q.13. Assertion : A particle starting from rest and moving with uniform acceleration travels’ a
length of x and 3x in first two and next two-seconds.
Reason : Displacement is directly proportional to velocity.
Answer: (c)

Q.14. Assertion : A body is momentarily at rest when it reverses the direction.

Reason : A body cannot have acceleration if its velocity is zero at a given instant of time.
Answer: (c)

Q.15. Assertion : The position-time graph of a uniform motion in one dimension of a body can
have negative slope.
Reason : When the speed of body decreases with time, the position-time graph of the moving
body has negative slope.
Answer: (c) Negative slope of position time graph represents that the body is moving towards
the negative direction and if the slope of the graph decrease with time then it represents the
decrease in speed i.e. retardation in motion.

Assertion and Reason Questions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 4 Motion in a Plane
Directions: Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
Q.1. Assertion : In projectile motion, the angle between the instantaneous velocity and
acceleration at the highest point is 180°.
Reason : At the highest point, velocity of projectile will be in horizontal direction only.
Answer: (d)

Q.2. Assertion : Two particles of different mass, projected with same velocity at same angles.
The maximum height attained by both the particle will be same.
Reason : The maximum height of projectile is independent of particle mass.
Answer: (a)

Q.3. Assertion : The maximum horizontal range of projectile is proportional to square of

velocity.
Reason : The maximum horizontal range of projectile is equal to maximum height attained by
projectile.
Answer: (c)

Q.4. Assertion : If there were no gravitational force, the path of the projected body always be a
straight line.
Reason : Gravitational force makes the path of projected body always parabolic.
Answer: (c)

Q.5. Assertion : Horizontal range is same for angle of projection θ and (90 – θ).
Reason : Horizontal range is independent of angle of projection.
Answer: (c)

Q.6. Assertion : If dot product and cross product of A and B are zero, it implies that one of the
vector A and B must be a null vector

Reason : Null vector is a vector with zero magnitude.

Answer: (b)

Q.7. Assertion : The scalar product of two vectors can be zero.

Reason : If two vectors are perpendicular to each other, their scalar product will be zero.
Answer: (a)
Q.8. Assertion: A physical quantity cannot be called as a vector if its magnitude is zero.
Reason: A vector has both magnitude and direction.
Answer: (d) If a vector quantity has zero magnitude then it is called a null vector. That quantity
may have some direction even if its magnitude is zero.

Q.9. Assertion : Minimum number of non-equal vectors in a plane required to give zero
resultant is three.
Reason : If sum of vectors A+B+C=0 , then they must lie in one plane.
Answer: (a)

Q.10. Assertion : If A.B= B.C, then A may not always be equal to C.

Reason : The dot product of two vectors involves cosine of the angle between the two vectors.
Answer: (b)

Q.11. Assertion : If a body of mass m is projected upwards with a speed V making an angle θ
with the vertical, than the change in the momentum of the body along X–axis is zero.
Reason : Mass of the body remains constant along X–axis
Answer: (b) When a body is projected up making an angle θ the velocity component along-axis
remains constant.
Therefore, Momentum along x-axis is constant. Along horizontal, mass and velocity both are
constant.

Q.12. Assertion : The magnitude of velocity of two boats relative to river is same. Both boats
start simultaneously from same point on one bank may reach opposite bank simultaneously
moving along different paths.
Reason : For boats to cross the river in same time. The component of their velocity relative to
river in direction normal to flow should be same.
Answer: (b)

Q.13. Assertion : Two balls of different masses are thrown vertically upward with same speed.
They will pass through their point of projection in the downward direction with the same
speed.
Reason : The maximum height and downward velocity attained at the point of projection are
independent of the mass of the ball.
Answer: (a)

Q.14. Assertion : τ=r x F and τ≠F x r

Reason : Cross product of vectors is commutative.
Answer: (c)

Chapter 5 Laws of Motion

Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.

Q.1. Assertion : On a rainy day, it is difficult to drive a car or bus at high speed.
Reason : The value of coefficient of friction is lowered due to wetting of the surface.
Answer: (a) On a rainy day, the roads are wet. Wetting of roads lowers the coefficient of friction
between the types and the road. Therefore, grip on a road of car reduces and thus chances of
skidding increases.

Q.2. Assertion : A rocket works on the principle of conservation of linear momentum.

Reason : Whenever there is change in momentum of one body, the same change occurs in the
momentum of the second body of the same system but in the opposite direction.
Answer: (a)

Q.3. Assertion : An object can move with constant velocity if no net force acts on it.
Reason : No net force is needed to move an object with constant velocity.
Answer: (a)

Q.4. Assertion : If the net external force on the body is zero, then its acceleration is zero.
Reason : Acceleration does not depend on force.
Answer: (c)

Q.5. Assertion : For the motion of electron around nucleus, Newton’s second law is used.
Reason : Newton’s second law can be used for motion of any object.
Answer: (c) Newton’s second law can not be used for any object.

Q.6. Assertion : Mass is a measure of inertia of the body in linear motion.

Reason : Greater the mass, greater is the force required to change its state of rest or of uniform
motion.
Answer: According to Newton’s second law of motion a = F/m i.e. magnitude of the
acceleration produced by a given force is inversely proportional to the mass of the body. Higher
is the mass of the body, lesser will be the acceleration produced i.e. mass of the body is a
measure of the opposition offered by the body to change a state, when the force is applied i.e.
mass of a body is the measure of its inertia.

Q.7. Assertion : Impulse of force and momentum are same physical quantities.
Reason : Both quantities have same unit.
Answer: (d) Impulse and momentum are different quantities, but both has same unit (N–s).
Q.8. Assertion: Same force applied for the same time causes the same change in momentum
for different bodies
Reason: The total momentum of an isolated system of interacting bodies remains conserved.
Answer: (b)

Q.9. Assertion : A bullet is fired from a rifle. If the rifle recoils freely, the kinetic energy of rifle is
more than that of the bullet.
Reason : In case of rifle bullet system, the law of conservation of momentum violates.
Answer: (d)

Q.10. Assertion: A cricketer moves his hands forward to catch a ball so as to catch it easily
without hurting.
Reason: He tries to decrease the distance travelled by the ball so that it hurts less.
Answer: (d) A cricket player moves his hands backward to increase the time interval for
reducing the momentum of the ball to zero. Thus the ball does not hit him hard as force is
directly proportional to change of momentum.

Q.11. Assertion : The two bodies of masses M and m (M > m) are allowed to fall from the same
height if the air resistance for each be the same then both the bodies will reach the earth
simultaneously.
Reason : For same air resistance, acceleration of both the bodies will be same.
Answer: (a)

Q.12. Assertion : A block placed on a table is at rest, because action force cancels the reaction
force on the block.
Assertion : The net force on the block is zero.
Answer: (d) The net force on the block is zero, but action cannot cancel the reaction because
these two act on different bodies.

Q.13. Assertion : Frictional forces are conservating forces.

Reason : Potential energy can be associated with frictional forces.
Answer: (d)

Q.14. Assertion : A man and a block rest on smooth horizontal surface. The man holds a rope
which is connected to block. The man cannot move on the horizontal surface.

Reason : A man standing at rest on smooth horizontal surface cannot start walking due to
absence of friction (The man is only in contact with floor as shown).
Answer

Q.15. Assertion: Friction is a necessary evil

Reason: Though friction dissipates power, but without friction we cannot walk.
Answer: (a) Friction causes wear & tear and loss of energy, so it is an evil but without friction
walking. Stopping a vehicle etc. would not be possible. So it is necessary for us.

Q.16. Assertion: There is a stage when frictional force is not needed at all to provide the
necessary centripetal force on a banked road.
Reason: On a banked road, due to its inclination the vehicle tends to remain inwards without
any chances of skidding.
Answer: (c) The assertion is true for a reason that when the car is driven at optimum speed.
Then the normal reaction component is enough to provide the centripetal force.

Q.17. Assertion : A cyclist always bends inwards while negotiating a curve.

Reason : By bending, cyclist lowers his centre of gravity
Answer: (c) The purpose of bending is to acquire centripetal force for circular motion. By doing
so component of normal reaction will counter balance the centrifugal force.

Q.18. Assertion : Force is required to move a body uniformly along a circle.

Reason : When the motion is uniform, acceleration is zero.
Answer: (b) When a body is moving in a circle, its speed remains same but velocity changes due
to change in the direction of motion of body. According to first law of motion, force is required
to change the state of a body. As in circular motion the direction of velocity of body is changing
so the acceleration cannot be zero. But for a uniform motion acceleration is zero (for rectilinear
motion).

Q.19. Assertion : Linear momentum of a body changes even when it is moving uniformly in a
circle.
Reason : In uniform circular motion, velocity remains constant.
Answer: (c) In uniform circular motion, the direction of motion changes, therefore velocity
changes. As P = mv therefore momentum of a body also changes uniform circular motion.

Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

Directions: Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
Q.1. Assertion : A work done by friction is always negative.
Reason : If frictional force acts on a body its K.E. may decrease.
Answer: (d) When frictional force is opposite to velocity, kinetic energy will decrease.

Q.2. Assertion : A spring has potential energy, both when it is compressed or stretched.
Reason : In compressing or stretching, work is done on the spring against the restoring force.
Answer: (a)

Q.3. Assertion : A force applied on the body always does work on the body.
Reason : If a force applied on a body displaces the body along the direction of force work done
will be maximum.
Answer: (d)

Q.4. Assertion : A man rowing a boat upstream is at rest with respect to the bank. He is doing
no external work.
Reason : Work done by constant force, W = F s cosθ.
Answer: (a) In this case, s = 0, and so W = 0.

Q.5. Assertion : The work done in moving a body over a closed loop is zero for every force in
nature.
Reason : Work done depends on nature of force.
Answer: (b) In close loop, s = 0, and so W = Fs = 0.

Q.6. Assertion : The rate of change of total momentum of a many particle system is
proportional to the sum of the internal forces of the system.

Reason : Internal forces can change the kinetic energy but not the momentum of the system.
Answer: (d)

Q.7. Assertion : The change in kinetic energy of a particle is equal to the work done on it by the
net force.
Reason : Change in kinetic energy of particle is equal to work done only in case of a system of
one particle.
Answer: (c) Change in kinetic energy = work done by net force. This relationship is valid for
particle as well as system of particles.

Q.8. Assertion: Kinetic energy of a system can be increased or decreased without applying any
external force on the system.
Reason: This is because K.E. =mV2/2, so it independent of any external forces.
Answer: (c) K.E. can be increased or decreased without applying any external force, as internal
forces can do work e.g., explosion of a bomb.
Q.9. Assertion: Kinetic energy of a body is quadrupled, when its velocity is doubled.
Reason : Kinetic energy is proportional to square of velocity. If velocity is doubled the K.E. will
be quadrupled
Answer
Q.10. Assertion: If the velocity of a body is tripled, then K.E. becomes 9 times.
Reason : Kinetic energy , K.E.=mv2/2
Answer: (a)

Chapter 7 System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Directions: Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
Q.1. Assertion : The centre of mass of a body may lie where there is no mass.
Reason : Centre of mass of body is a point, where the whole mass of the body is supposed to be
concentrated.
Answer: (a) As the concept of centre of mass is only theoretical, therefore in practice no mass
may lie at the centre of mass. For example, centre of mass of a uniform circular ring is at the
centre of the ring where there is no mass.

Q.2. Assertion : The earth is slowing down and as a result the moon is coming nearer to it.
Reason : The angular momentum of the earth moon system is conserved.
Answer:(d) The earth is not slowing down. The angular momentum of the earth – moon system
is conserved.

Q.3. Assertion : When you lean behind over the hind legs of the chair, the chair falls back after
a certain angle.
Reason : Centre of mass lying outside the system makes the system unstable.
Answer: (c)

Q.4. Assertion : The centre of mass of system of n particles is the weighted average of the
position vector of the n particles making up the system.
Reason : The position of the centre of mass of a system in independent of coordinate system.
Answer: (b)

Q.5. Assertion: Centre of mass of a ring lies at its geometric centre though there is no mass.
Reason: Centre of mass is independent of mass.
Answer: (b)

Q.6. Assertion : The centre of mass of an isolated system has a constant velocity.
Reason : If centre of mass of an isolated system is already at rest, it remains at rest.
Answer: (b)

Q.7. Assertion : The position of centre of mass of body depend upon shape and size of the
body.
Reason : Centre of mass of a body lies always at the centre of the body
Answer: (c) The position of centre of mass of a body depends on shape, size and distribution of
mass of the body. The centre of mass does not lie necessarily at the centre of the body.

Q.8. Assertion : If no external force acts on a system of particles, then the centre of mass will
not move in any
direction.
Reason : If net external force is zero, then the linear momentum of the system remains
constant.
Answer: (a)

Q.9. Assertion : A particle is moving on a straight line with a uniform velocity, its angular
momentum is always zero.
Reason : The momentum is not zero when particle moves with a uniform velocity.
Answer: (d)

Q.10. Assertion : The centre of mass of a two particle system lies on the line joining the two
particle, being closer to the heavier particle.
Reason : Product of mass of particle and its distance from centre of mass is numerically equal
to product of mass of other particle and its distance from centre of mass.
Answer: (a)

Q.11. Assertion : For a system of particles under central force field, the total angular
momentum is conserved.
Reason : The torque acting on such a system is zero.
Answer: (a) Both the assertion and reason are true.

Q.12. Assertion: Torque is a vector quantity directed opposite to the applied force.
Reason: Torque τ=- r x F
Answer: (d)

Q.13. Assertion : It is harder to open and shut the door if we apply force near the hinge.
Reason : Torque is maximum at hinge of the door.
Answer: (c) Torque = Force × perpendicular distance of line of action of force from the axis of
rotation (d).
Hence for a given applied force, torque or true tendency of rotation will be high for large value
of d. If distance d is smaller, then greater force is required to cause the same torque, hence it is
harder to open or shut down the door by applying a force near the hinge.
Q.14. Assertion : Torque is equal to rate of change of angular momentum.
Reason : Angular momentum depends on moment of inertia and angular velocity.
Answer: (b)

Q.15. Assertion: When no external torque acts on a body, its angular velocity remains constant
as long as moment of inertia is constant.
Reason: Torque τ = 0; dL/dt = 0, L = constant. L = Iω = constant
Answer: (a)
Assertion and Reason Questions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 9 Mechanical Properties of Solids

Chapter 8 :Gravitation

1.Assertion: A body loses weight when it is at the centre of the earth.

Reason: At the centre of earth, g = 0. Therefore, weight = mg = 0.

.2. Assertion : If earth suddenly stops rotating about its axis, then the value of acceleration due
to gravity will become same at all the places.
Reason : The value of acceleration due to gravity depends upon the rotation of the earth.

Q.3. Assertion : A body becomes massless at the centre of earth.

Reason : This follows from g’ = g (1 – d/R)

Q.4. Assertion : Space rockets are usually launched in the equatorial line from west to east.
Reason : The acceleration due to gravity is minimum at the equator.

Q.5. Assertion : Gravitational force between two particles is negligibly small compared to the
electrical force.
Reason : The electrical force is experienced by charged particles only.

6.Assertion: The gain in potential energy of an object of mass m raised to height equal to the
radius of earth is mgR/2
Reason: Kinetic energy at surface = P.E at the top mv2/2 and at the top v = √gR . PE = mgR/2.
Q.7. Assertion: The value of acceleration due to gravity i.e. ‘g’ is different at different places on
the surface of earth.
Reason: Earth is flattened at poles and bulging out at the equator. Therefore radius is smaller at
poles and larger at equator and g α 1/R2, so, g is smaller at equator than at poles.

Chapter 9 Mechanical Properties of Solids

Directions:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.

Q.1. Assertion : Steel is more elastic than rubber.

Reason : Under given deforming force, steel is deformed less than rubber.
Answer: (a) Elasticity is a measure of tendency of the body to regain its original configuration.
As steel is deformed less than rubber therefore steel is more elastic than rubber.

Q.2. Assertion : Glassy solids have sharp melting point.

Reason : The bonds between the atoms of glassy solids get broken at the same temperature.
Answer: (d) In a glassy solid (i.e., amorphous solid) the various bonds between the atoms or
ions or molecules of a solid are not equally strong. Different bonds are broken at different
temperatures. Hence there is no sharp melting point for a glassy solid.

Q.3. Assertion : Bulk modulus of elasticity (K) represents incompressibility of the material.

Reason : Bulk modulus of elasticity is proportional to change in pressure.

Answer: (a)

Q.4. Assertion : A hollow shaft is found to be stronger than a solid shaft made of same material.
Reason : The torque required to produce a given twist in hollow cylinder is greater than that
required to twist a solid cylinder of same size and material.
Answer: (a)

Q.5. Assertion : The stretching of a coil is determined by its shear modulus.

Reason : Shear modulus change only shape of a body keeping its dimensions unchanged.
Answer: (a) Because, the stretching of coil simply changes its shape without any change in the
length of the wire used in coil. Due to which shear modulus of elasticity is involved.

Q.6. Assertion : Young’s modulus for a perfectly plastic body is zero.

Reason : For a perfectly plastic body, restoring force is zero.
Answer: (a)

Q.7. Assertion : Strain is a unitless quantity.

Reason : Strain is equivalent to force.
Answer: (c) Strain is the ratio of change in dimensions of the body to the original dimensions.
Because this is a ratio, therefore it is dimensionless quantity.

Q.8. Assertion : Identical springs of steel and copper are equally stretched. More work will be
done on the steel spring.
Reason : Steel is more elastic than copper.
Answer: (a)

Q.9. Assertion : The bridges declared unsafe after a long use.

Reason : Elastic strength of bridges losses with time.
Answer: (a) A bridge during its use undergoes alternating strains for a large number of times
each day, depending upon the movement of vehicles on it when a bridge is used for long time,
it losses its elastic strength. Due to which the amount of strain in the bridge for a given stress
will become large and ultimately, the bridge may collapse. This may not happen, if the bridges
are declared unsafe after long use.

Q.10. Assertion : Two identical solid balls, one of ivory and the other of wet-clay are dropped
from the same height on the floor. Both the balls will rise to same height after bouncing.
Reason : Ivory and wet-clay have same elasticity.
Answer: (d) Ivory is more elastic than wet-clay. Hence the ball of ivory will rise to a greater
height. In fact the ball of wet-clay will not rise at all, it will be somewhat flattened permanently.

Q.11. Assertion : Stress is the internal force per unit area of a body.
Reason : Rubber is less elastic than steel.
Answer: (b) Stress is defined as internal force (restoring force) per unit area of a body. Also,
rubber is less elastic than steel, because restoring force is less for rubber than steel.

Q.12. Assertion : Spring balances show correct readings even after they had been used for a
long time interval.
Reason : On using for long time, spring balances do not losses its elastic strength.
Answer: (d) Because, the stretching of coil simply changes its shape without any change in the
length of the wire used in coil. Due to which shear modulus of elasticity is involved.
Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Directions:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
Q.1. Assertion : It is easier to spray water in which some soap is dissolved.
Reason : Soap is easier to spread.
Answer: (c) When a liquid is sprayed, the surface area of the liquid increases. Therefore, work
has to be done in spraying the liquid, which is directly proportional to the surface tension.
Because on adding soap, surface tension of water decreases, the spraying of water becomes
easy.

Q.2. Assertion : The angle of contact of a liquid decrease with increase in temperature.
Reason : With increase in temperature, the surface tension of liquid increase.
Answer: (c) With increase in temperature surface tension of the liquid decreases and angle of
contact also decreases.

Q.3. Assertion : When height of a tube is less than liquid rise in the capillary tube, the liquid
does not overflow.
Reason : Product of radius of meniscus and height of liquid in capillary tube always remains
constant.
Answer: (a) As h decreases, R increases and the liquid meniscus becomes more and more flat,
but the liquid does not overflow.

Q.4. Assertion : A needle placed carefully on the surface of water may float, whereas a ball of
the same material will always sink.
Reason : The buoyancy of an object depends both on the material and shape of the object.
Answer: (c)

Q.5. Assertion : A large force is required to draw apart normally two glass plates enclosing a
thin water film.
Reason : Water works as glue and sticks two glass plates.
Answer: (c) The two glass plates stick together due to surface tension.

Q.6. Assertion : The impurities always decrease the surface tension of a liquid.

Reason : The change in surface tension of the liquid do not depend upon the degree of
contamination of the impurity.
Answer: (d) The presence of impurities either on the liquid surface or dissolved in it,
considerably affect the force of surface tension, depending upon the degree of contamination.
A highly soluble substance like sodium chloride when dissolved in water increase the surface
tension. But the sparing soluble or substance like phenol when dissolved in water reduces the
surface tension of water.

Q.7. Assertion : The concept of surface tension is held only for liquids.
Reason : Surface tension does not hold for gases.
Answer: (b) We know that the intermolecular distance between the gas molecules is large as
compared to that of liquid. Due to it the forces of cohesion in the gas molecules are very small
and these are quite large for liquids. Therefore, the concept of surface tension is applicable to
liquid but not to gases.

Q.8. Assertion : At critical temperature, surface tension of a liquid becomes zero.

Reason : At this temperature, intermolecular forces for liquids and gases become equal. Liquid
can expand without any restriction.
Answer: (a) Zero surface tension means no opposition to expansion.

Q.9. Assertion : A large soap bubble expands while a small bubble shrinks, when they are
connected to each other by a capillary tube.
Reason : The excess pressure inside bubble (or drop) is inversely proportional to the radius.
Answer: (a) Since the excess pressure due to surface tension is inversely proportional to its
radius, it follows that smaller the bubble, greater is the excess pressure. Thus, when the larger
and the smaller bubbles are put in communication, air starts passing from the smaller into the
large bubble because excess pressure inside the former is greater than inside the latter. As a
result, the smaller bubble shrinks and the larger one swells.

Q.10. Assertion : It is better to wash the clothes in cold soap solution.

Reason : The surface tension of cold solution is less than the surface tension of hot solution.
Answer: (d) The soap solution, has less surface tension as compared to ordinary water and its
surface tension decreases further on heating. The hot soap solution can, therefore spread over
large surface area and also it has more wetting power. It is on account of this property that hot
soap solution can penetrate and clean the clothes better than the ordinary water.

Q.11. Assertion : Tiny drops of liquid resist deforming forces better than bigger drops.
Reason : Excess pressure inside a drop is directly proportional to surface tension.
Answer: (b) When a drop of liquid is poured on a glass plate, the shape of the drop is governed
by two forces, the force of gravity. For very small drops, the potential energy due to gravity is
insignificant compared to that due to surface tension. Hence, in this case the shape of the drop
is determined by surface tension alone and drop becomes spherical.

Q.12. Assertion : The shape of a liquid drop is spherical.

Reason : The pressure inside the drop is greater than that of outside.
Answer: (b) The free surface of liquid tries to acquire a minimum area due to surface tension,
hence liquid drop is spherical because sphere has minimum area than other shape.
Q.13. Assertion : The water rises higher in a capillary tube of small diameter than in the
capillary tube of large diameter.
Reason : Height through which liquid rises in a capillary tube is inversely proportional to the
diameter of the capillary tube.
Answer: (a) For smaller r the value of h is higher.
Q.14. Assertion : Hot soup tastes better than the cold soup.
Reason : Hot soup has high surface tension and it does not spread properly on our tongue.
AnswerAnswer: (c) With increase in temperature of liquid its surface tension decreases so that
it tends to acquire larger area. Hence hot soup having low value of surface tension spread
properly on our tongue & provides better taste than cold soup.
Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter
Directions: Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
Q.1. Assertion : Specific heat capacity is the cause of formation of land and sea breeze.
Reason : The specific heat of water is more than land.
Answer: (a)

Q.2. Assertion : A brass disc is just fitted in a hole in a steel plate. The system must be cooled to
loosen the disc from the hole.
Reason : The coefficient of linear expansion for brass is greater than the coefficient of linear
expansion for steel.
Answer: (a)

Q.3. Assertion : The coefficient of volume expansion has dimension K–1.

Reason : The coefficient of volume expansion is defined as the change in volume per unit
volume per unit change in temperature.
Answer: (a)

Q.4. Assertion : The temperature at which Centigrade and Fahrenheit thermometers read the
same is – 40°.
Reason : There is no relation between Fahrenheit and Centigrade temperature.
Answer: (c)

Q.5. Assertion : The melting point of ice decreases with increase of pressure.
Reason : Ice contracts on melting.
Answer: (a) With rise in pressure melting point of ice decreases. Also ice contracts on melting

Q.6. Assertion : When a solid iron ball is heated, percentage increase is its volume is largest.

Reason : Coefficient of superficial expansion is twice that of linear expansion where as

coefficient of volume expansion is three time of linear expansion.
Answer: (a)
Q.7. Assertion : A beaker is completely filled with water at 4°C. It will overflow, both when
heated or cooled.
Reason : There is expansion of water below and above 4°C.
Answer: (a)

Q.8. Assertion : Latent heat of fusion of ice is 336000 J kg–1.

Reason : Latent heat refers to change of state without any change in temperature
AnswerAnswer: (b)

Q.9. Assertion : Two bodies at different temperatures, if brought in thermal contact do not
necessary settle to the mean temperature.
Reason : The two bodies may have different thermal capacities.
AnswerAnswer: (a)

Q.10. Assertion : Specific heat of a body is always greater than its thermal capacity.
Reason : Thermal capacity is the required for raising temperature of unit mass of the body
through unit degree.
Answer: (d)

Q.11. Assertion : Water kept in an open vessel will quickly evaporate on the surface of the
moon.
Reason : The temperature at the surface of the moon is much higher than boiling point of the
water.
Answer: (a)

Q.12. Assertion : Fahrenheit is the smallest unit measuring temperature.

Reason : Fahrenheit was the first temperature scale used for measuring temperature.
Answer: (c)

Q.13. Assertion : The molecules at 0ºC ice and 0ºC water will have same potential energy.
Reason : Potential energy depends only on temperature of the system.
Answer (d)

Ch 12 kinetic theory
.1. Assertion (A) : The number of degrees of freedom of a linear triatomic molecules is 7.
Reason (R) : The number of degree of freedom depends on number of particle in the system.
Q.2. Assertion (A) : Absolute zero is not the temperature corresponding to zero energy.

Reason (R) : The temperature at which no molecular motion ceases is called absolute zero
temperature.

Q.3. Assertion (A) : The ratio of specific heat of a gas at constant pressure and specific heat at
constant volume for a diatomic gas is more than that for a monatomic gas.
Reason (R) : The molecules of a monatomic gas have more degree of freedom than those of a
diatomic gas.

Q.4. Assertion (A) : An undamped spring-mass system is simplest free vibration system.
Reason (R) : It has three degrees of freedom.

Q.5. Assertion (A) : Air pressure in a car tyre increases during driving.
Reason (R) : Absolute zero degree temperature is not zero energy temperature.

Q.6. Assertion (A) : Specific heat of a gas at constant pressure is greater than its specific heat at
constant volume.

Reason (R) : At constant pressure, some heat is spent in expansion of the gas.

Q.7. Assertion (A) : The total translational kinetic energy of all the molecules of a given mass of
an ideal gas is 1.5 times the product of its pressure and its volume.
Reason (R) : The molecules of a gas collide with each other and the velocities of the molecules
change due to collision.

Q.8. Assertion (A) : Mean free path of gas molecules varies inversely as density of the gas.
Reason (R) : Mean free path of gas molecules is defined as the average distance travelled by a
molecule between two successive collisions.

Q.9. Assertion (A) : The root mean square velocity of molecules of a gas having Maxwellian
distribution of velocities is higher than their most probable velocity, at any temperature.
Reason (R) : A very small number of molecules of a gas molecules which posses very large
velocities.

Q.10. Assertion (A) : Vibrational energy of diatomic molecule corresponding to each degree of
freedom is kBT.
Reason (R) : For every molecule, vibrational degree of freedom is 2.

Ch 13 Thermodynamics

Q.1. Assertion : When a bottle of cold carbonated drink is opened, a slight fog forms around the
opening.
Reason : Adiabatic expansion of the gas causes lowering of temperature and condensation of
water vapours.

Answer

Q.2. Assertion : The heat supplied to a system is always equal to the increase in its internal
energy.
Reason : When a system changes from one thermal equilibrium to another, some heat is
absorbed by it.

Answer

Q.3. Assertion : In adiabatic compression, the internal energy and temperature of the system
get decreased.
Reason : The adiabatic compression is a slow process

Answer

Q.4. Assertion : In isothermal process whole of the heat energy supplied to the body is
converted into internal energy.
Reason : According to the first law of thermodynamics ΔQ = ΔU.

Answer

Q.5. Assertion : We can not change the temperature of a body without giving (or taking) heat to
(or from) it.
Reason : According to principle of conservation of energy, total energy of a system should
remains conserved.

Answer

Q.6. Assertion : The specific heat of a gas is an adiabatic process is zero and in an isothermal
process is infinite.
Reason : Specific heat of a gas in directly proportional to change of heat in system and inversely
proportional to change in temperature.
Answer

Q.7. Assertion : Reversible systems are difficult to find in real world.

Reason : Most processes are dissipative in nature

Answer

Q.8. Assertion : Air quickly leaking out of a balloon becomes coolers

Reason : The leaking air undergoes adiabatic expansion.

Answer

Q.9. Assertion : Thermodynamic process in nature are irreversible.

Reason : Dissipative effects can not be eliminated.

Answer

Q.10. Assertion : Work and heat are two equivalent form of energy.
Reason : Work is the transfer of mechanical energy irrespective of temperature difference,
whereas heat is the transfer of thermal energy because of temperature difference only.

Answer

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Chapter 14 Oscillations
Directions: (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of
the assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
Q.1. Assertion : Sine and cosine functions are periodic functions.
Reason : Sinusoidal functions repeats it values after a definite interval of time.
Answer: (a)

Q.2. Assertion : Simple harmonic motion is a uniform motion.

Reason : Simple harmonic motion is not the projection of uniform circular motion.
Answer: (d)

Q.3. Assertion : Acceleration is proportional to the displacement. This condition is not sufficient
for motion in simple harmonic.
Reason : In simple harmonic motion direction of displacement is also considered.
Answer: (a)

Q.4. Assertion : The graph between velocity and displacement for a harmonic oscillator is a
parabola.
Reason : Velocity changes uniformly with displacement in harmonic motion.
Answe (d)

Q.5. Assertion : When a simple pendulum is made to oscillate on the surface of moon, its time
period increases.

Reason : Moon is much smaller as compared to earth.

Answer: (b)

Q.6. Assertion : All oscillatory motions are necessarily periodic motion but all periodic motion
are not oscillatory.
Reason : Simple pendulum is an example of oscillatory motion.
Answer: (b)

Q.7. Assertion : Resonance is special case of forced vibration in which the natural frequency of
vibration of the body is the same as the impressed frequency of external periodic force and the
amplitude of forced vibration is maximum.
Reason : The amplitude of forced vibrations of a body increases with an increase in the
frequency of the externally impressed periodic force.
Answer: (c)
Q.8. Assertion : The graph of total energy of a particle in SHM w.r.t., position is a straight line
with zero slope.
Reason : Total energy of particle in SHM remains constant throughout its motion.
Answer: (a)

Q.9. Assertion : The frequency of a second pendulum in an elevator moving up with an

acceleration half the acceleration due to gravity is 0.612 s–1.
Reason : The frequency of a second pendulum does not depend upon acceleration due to
gravity.
Answer: (c)

Q.10. Assertion : Damped oscillation indicates loss of energy.

Reason : The energy loss in damped oscillation may be due to friction, air resistance etc.
Answer: (b)

Q.11. Assertion : The percentage change in time period is 1.5%, if the length of simple
pendulum increases by 3%.
Reason : Time period is directly proportional to length of pendulum.
Answer: (c)
Chapter 15 Waves
Directions:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
Q.1. Assertion : Two persons on the surface of moon cannot talk to each other.
Reason : There is no atmosphere on moon.
Answer: (a) Sound waves require material medium to travel. As there is no atmosphere
(vacuum) on the surface of moon, therefore the sound waves cannot reach from one person to
another.

Q.2. Assertion : The velocity of sound increases with increase in humidity.

Reason : Velocity of sound does not depend upon the medium.
Answer: (c)

Q.3. Assertion : Ocean waves hitting a beach are always found to be nearly normal to the shore.
Reason : Ocean waves are longitudinal waves.
Answer: (c) Ocean waves are transverse waves travelling in concentric circles of ever increasing
radius. When they hit the shore, their radius of curvature is so large that they can be treated as
plane waves. Hence they hit the shore nearly normal to the shore.
Q.4. Assertion : Transverse waves are not produced in liquids and gases.
Reason : Light waves are transverse waves.
Answer (b) Transverse waves travel in the form of crests and troughs involving change in shape
of the medium. As liquids and gases do not possess the elasticity of shape, therefore, transverse
waves cannot be produced in liquid and gases. Also light wave is one example of transverse
wave.

Q.5. Assertion : Compression and rarefaction involve changes in density and pressure.
Reason : When particles are compressed, density of medium increases and when they are
rarefied, density of medium decreases.
Answer: (a) A compression is a region of medium in which particles come closer i.e., distance
between the particles becomes less than the normal distance between them. Thus there is a
temporary decrease in volume and a consequent increase in density of medium. Similarly in
rarefaction, particle get farther apart and a consequent decrease in density.

Q.6. Assertion : Sound would travel faster on a hot summer day than on a cold winter day.
Reason : Velocity of sound is directly proportional to the square of its absolute temperature.
Answer(c)

Q.7. Assertion : The basic of Laplace correction was that, exchange of heat between the region
of compression and rarefaction in air is not possible.

Reason : Air is a bad conductor of heat and velocity of sound in air is large.
Answer: (c) According to Laplace, the changes in pressure and volume of a gas, when sound
waves propagated through it, are not isothermal, but adiabatic. A gas is a bad conductor of
heat. It does not allow the free exchange of heat between compressed layer, rarefied layer and
surrounding.

Q.8. Assertion : The flash of lightening is seen before the sound of thunder is heard.
Reason : Speed of sound is greater than speed of light
Answer: (c) Speed of light is greater than that of sound, hence flash of lightening is seen before
the sound of thunder.

Q.9. Assertion : When we start filling an empty bucket with water, the pitch of sound produced
goes on decreasing.
Reason : The frequency of man voice is usually higher than that of woman.
Answer: (d)

Q.10. Assertion : A tuning fork is made of an alloy of steel, nickel and chromium.
Reason : The alloy of steel, nickel and chromium is called elinvar.
Answer: (b) A tuning fork is made of a material for which elasticity does not change. Since the
alloy of nickel, steel and chromium (elinvar) has constant elasticity, therefore it is used for the
preparation of tuning fork.
Q.11. Assertion : The change in air pressure effect the speed of sound.
Reason : The speed of sound in a gas is inversely proportional to square root of pressure.
Answer (d)

Q.12. Assertion : Solids can support both longitudinal and transverse waves but only
longitudinal waves can propagate in gases.
Reason : For the propagation of transverse waves, medium must also necessarily have the
property of rigidity.
Answer: (a) For the propagation of transverse waves, medium must have the property of
rigidity. Because gases have no rigidity, (they do not posses shear elasticity), hence transverse
waves cannot be produced is gases. On the other hand, the solids possess both volume and
shear elasticity and likewise both the longitudinal and transverse waves can be transmitted
through them.

Q.13. Assertion : Under given conditions of pressure and temperature, sound travels faster in a
monoatomic gas than in diatomic gas.
Reason : Opposition for wave to travel is more in diatomic gas than monoatomic gas.
Answer: (c)

Q.14. Assertion : The speed of sound in solids is maximum though their density is large.
Reason : The coefficient of elasticity of solid is large.
Answer (a)

Q.15. Assertion : On a rainy day sound travel slower than on a dry day.
Reason : When moisture is present in air the density of air increases.
Answer (d) When moisture is present in air, the density of air decreases. It is because the
density of water vapours is less than that of dry air. The velocity of sound is inversely
proportional to the square root of density, hence sound travel faster in moist air than in the dry
air. Therefore, on a rainy day sound travels faster than on a dry day.

Q.16. Assertion : To hear distinct beats, difference in frequencies of two sources should be less
than 10.
Reason : More the number of beats per sec more difficult to hear them.
Answer: (b)

Q.17. Assertion : Sound produced by an open organ pipe is richer than the sound produced by a
closed organ pipe.
Reason : Outside air can enter the pipe from both ends, in case of open organ pipe.
Answer (b) Sound produced by an open organ pipe is richer because it contains all harmonics
and frequency of fundamental note in an open organ pipe is twice the fundamental frequency
in a closed organ pipe of same length.
Reason is also correct, but it is not explaining the assertion.
Q.18. Assertion : It is not possible to have interference between the waves produced by two
violins.
Reason : For interference of two waves the phase difference between the waves must remain
constant.
Answer: (a) Since the initial phase difference between the two waves coming from different
violins changes, therefore, the waves produced by two different violins does not interfere
because two waves interfere only when the phase difference between them remain constant
throughout.

Q.19. Assertion : Beats can also be observed by two light sources as in sound.
Reason : Light sources have constant phase deference.
Answer: (d) As emission of light from atom is a random and rapid phenomenon. The phase at a
point due to two independent light source will change rapidly and randomly. Therefore, instead
of beats, we shall get uniform intensity. However if light sources are LASER beams of nearly
equal frequencies, it may possible to observe the phenomenon of beats in light.

Q.20. Assertion : In the case of a stationary wave, a person hear a loud sound at the nodes as
compared to the antinodes.
Reason : In a stationary wave all the particles of the medium vibrate in phase.
Answer: (c) The person will hear the loud sound at nodes than at antinodes. We know that at
anti-nodes the displacement is maximum and pressure change is minimum while at nodes the
displacement is zero and pressure change is maximum. The sound is heard due to variation of
pressure.
Also in stationary waves particles in two different segment vibrates in opposite phase.

Q.21. Assertion : Velocity of particles, while crossing mean position (in stationary waves) varies
from maximum at antinodes to zero at nodes.
Reason : Amplitude of vibration at antinodes is maximum and at nodes, the amplitude is zero,
And all particles between two successive nodes cross the mean position together.
Answer: (a)

Q.22. Assertion : Where two vibrating tuning forks having frequencies 256 Hz and 512 Hz are
held near each other, beats cannot be heard.
Reason : The principle of superposition is valid only if the frequencies of the oscillators are
nearly equal.
Answer: (c) The principle of superposition does not state that the frequencies of the oscillation
should be nearly equal. For beats to be heard the condition is that difference in frequencies of
the two oscillations should not be more than 10 times per seconds for a normal human ear to
recognize it. Hence we cannot hear beats in the case of two tuning forks vibrating at
frequencies 256 Hz and 512 Hz respectively.

Q.23. Assertion : The fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe increases as the
temperature is increased.
Reason : As the temperature increases, the velocity of sound increases more rapidly than length
of the pipe.
Answer: (a)

Q.24. Assertion : Sound waves cannot propagate through vacuum but light waves can.
Reason : Sound waves cannot be polarised but light waves can be polarised.
Answer: (b) Sound waves cannot propagate through vacuum because sound waves are
mechanical waves. Light waves can propagate through vacuum because light waves are
electromagnetic waves. Since sound waves are longitudinal waves, the particles moves in the
direction of propagation, therefore these waves cannot be polarised.

Q.25. Assertion : Sound travel faster in solids than gases.

Reason : Solid possess greater density than gases.
Answer: (b)