Scribd
Upload
2 views

mysql column constriants

The document outlines various MySQL constraints including NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, and DEFAULT, explaining their functions and usage. It provides examples of creating tables with these constraints, demonstrating how to enforce data integrity and relationships between tables. Additionally, it covers the syntax for creating tables with specific constraints and the implications of foreign key relationships in MySQL.

Uploaded by

indiananimationworld2.0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

mysql column constriants

The document outlines various MySQL constraints including NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK, and DEFAULT, explaining their functions and usage. It provides examples of creating tables with these constraints, demonstrating how to enforce data integrity and relationships between tables. Additionally, it covers the syntax for creating tables with specific constraints and the implications of foreign key relationships in MySQL.

Uploaded by

indiananimationworld2.0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

MySQL CONSTRAINTs are :

● NOT NULL
● UNIQUE
● PRIMARY KEY
● FOREIGN KEY
● CHECK
● DEFAULT

CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION

NOT NULL In MySQL NOT NULL constraint allows to specify that a


column can not contain any NULL value..

UNIQUE The UNIQUE constraint in MySQL does not allow to insert a


duplicate value in a column. The UNIQUE constraint
maintains the uniqueness of a column in a table. More than
one UNIQUE column can be used in a table.

PRIMARY KEY A PRIMARY KEY constraint for a table enforces the table to
accept unique data for a specific column and this constraint
creates a unique index for accessing the table faster.

FOREIGN KEY A FOREIGN KEY in MySQL creates a link between two


tables by one specific column of both tables. The specified
column in one table must be a PRIMARY KEY and referred
by the column of another table known as FOREIGN KEY.

CHECK A CHECK constraint controls the values in the associated


column. The CHECK constraint determines whether the value
is valid or not from a logical expression.

DEFAULT In a MySQL table, each column must contain a value


( including a NULL). While inserting data into a table, if no
value is supplied to a column, then the column gets the value
set as DEFAULT.

MySQL CREATE TABLE with NOT NULL


If you want to create a table 'newauthor' where no columns are allowed to store NULL VALUES
the following statement can be used.

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS newauthor

(aut_id varchar(8)NOTNULL,

aut_name varchar(50)NOTNULL,

country varchar(25)NOTNULL,

home_city varchar(25)NOTNULL);

The following picture shows that the columns will not accept the NULL values.

MySQL CREATE TABLE to check values with CHECK CONSTRAINT

Adding a CHECK CONSTRAINT on a column of a table, you can limit the range of values allowed
to be stored in that column.

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newbook_mast(book_idvarchar(15)NOTNULLUNIQUE,

book_namevarchar(50),

isbn_novarchar(15)NOTNULLUNIQUE,

cate_idvarchar(8),

aut_idvarchar(8),

pub_idvarchar(8),

dt_of_pubdate,

pub_langvarchar(15),

no_pagedecimal(5,0)

CHECK(no_page>0),

book_pricedecimal(8,2),

PRIMARYKEY(book_id)

);
MySQL UNIQUE CONSTRAINT
CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newauthor(aut_idvarchar(8)NOTNULL,

aut_namevarchar(50)

NOTNULL,

countryvarchar(25)NOTNULL,

home_cityvarchar(25)

NOTNULL,

UNIQUE(aut_id));

Example of MySQL UNIQUE CONSTRAINT check unique value

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newauthor(aut_idvarchar(8)NOTNULLUNIQUE,

aut_namevarchar(50)NOTNULL,

countryvarchar(25)

NOTNULL,

home_cityvarchar(25)NOTNULL);

MySQL CREATE TABLE with DEFAULT CONSTRAINT


CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSnewpublisher

(pub_idvarchar(8)NOTNULLUNIQUEDEFAULT'',

pub_namevarchar(50)NOTNULLDEFAULT'',

pub_cityvarchar(25)NOTNULLDEFAULT'',

countryvarchar(25)NOTNULLDEFAULT'India',

country_officevarchar(25),

no_of_branchint(3),

estddate

CHECK((country='India'ANDpub_city='Mumbai')

OR(country='India'ANDpub_city='New Delhi')),

PRIMARYKEY(pub_id));
MySQL PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT
CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newauthor(aut_idvarchar(8)NOTNULL,

aut_namevarchar(50)NOTNULL,

countryvarchar(25)NOTNULL,

home_cityvarchar(25)NOTNULL,

PRIMARYKEY(aut_id));

MySQL CREATE TABLE PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT on single column


CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newauthor(aut_idvarchar(8)NOTNULLPRIMARYKEY,

aut_namevarchar(50)NOTNULL,

countryvarchar(25)NOTNULL,

home_cityvarchar(25)NOTNULL);

MySQL CREATE TABLE PRIMARY KEY UNIQUE CONSTRAINT


CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newauthor(aut_idvarchar(8)NOTNULLPRIMARYKEY,

aut_namevarchar(50)NOTNULL,

countryvarchar(25)NOTNULL,

home_cityvarchar(25)NOTNULLUNIQUE);

MySQL CREATE TABLE PRIMARY KEY on multiple columns


CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newauthor(aut_idvarchar(8)NOTNULL,

aut_namevarchar(50)NOTNULL,

countryvarchar(25)NOTNULL,

home_cityvarchar(25)NOTNULL,

PRIMARYKEY(aut_id,home_city));

MySQL creating table with FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINT


Syntax :
FOREIGN KEY [column list] REFERENCES [Table name] ([column list]);
Example

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSnewbook_mast

(book_idvarchar(15)NOTNULLPRIMARYKEY,

book_namevarchar(50),

isbn_novarchar(15)NOTNULL,

cate_idvarchar(8),

aut_idvarchar(8),

pub_idvarchar(8),

dt_of_pubdate,

pub_langvarchar(15),

no_pagedecimal(5,0),

book_pricedecimal(8,2),

FOREIGNKEY(aut_id)REFERENCESnewauthor(aut_id));

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSnewpurchase

(invoice_novarchar(12)NOTNULLUNIQUEPRIMARYKEY,

invoice_dtdate,

ord_novarchar(25),

ord_datedate,

receive_dtdate,

book_idvarchar(8),

book_namevarchar(50),

pub_langvarchar(8),

cate_idvarchar(8),

receive_qtyint(5),

purch_pricedecimal(12,2),

total_costdecimal(12,2),

INDEX(ord_no,book_id),
FOREIGNKEY(ord_no,book_id)REFERENCESneworder(ord_no,book_id),

INDEX(cate_id),

FOREIGNKEY(cate_id)REFERENCES category(cate_id));

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newbook_mast(book_idvarchar(15)NOTNULLPRIMARYKEY,

book_namevarchar(50),

isbn_novarchar(15)NOTNULL,

cate_idvarchar(8),

aut_idvarchar(8),

pub_idvarchar(8),

dt_of_pubdate,

pub_langvarchar(15),

no_pagedecimal(5,0),

book_pricedecimal(8,2),

INDEX(aut_id),

FOREIGNKEY(aut_id)REFERENCESnewauthor(aut_id),

INDEX(pub_id),

FOREIGNKEY(pub_id)REFERENCESnewpublisher(pub_id));

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSnewpurchase

(invoice_novarchar(12)NOTNULLUNIQUEPRIMARYKEY,

invoice_dtdate,

ord_novarchar(25),

ord_datedate,

receive_dtdate,

book_idvarchar(8),

book_namevarchar(50),

pub_langvarchar(8),
cate_idvarchar(8),

receive_qtyint(5),

purch_pricedecimal(12,2),

total_costdecimal(12,2),

INDEX(ord_no,book_id),

FOREIGNKEY(ord_no,book_id)REFERENCES

neworder(ord_no,book_id)

ONUPDATECASCADEONDELETERESTRICT,

INDEX(cate_id),

FOREIGNKEY(cate_id)REFERENCES category(cate_id))

Here is the MySQL statement below for the above tasks.

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTSnewpurchase

(invoice_novarchar(12)NOTNULLUNIQUEPRIMARYKEY,

invoice_dtdate,

ord_novarchar(25),

ord_datedate,

receive_dtdate,

book_idvarchar(8),

book_namevarchar(50),

pub_langvarchar(8),

cate_idvarchar(8),

receive_qtyint(5),

purch_pricedecimal(12,2),

total_costdecimal(12,2),

INDEX(ord_no,book_id),

FOREIGNKEY(ord_no,book_id)REFERENCESneworder

(ord_no,book_id)

ONUPDATECASCADEONDELETE
SETNULL,

INDEX(cate_id),

FOREIGNKEY(cate_id)REFERENCES category(cate_id));

Copy
MySQL CREATE TABLE with NO ACTION

NO ACTION option in MySQL is equivalent to RESTRICT.

Example

If you want to do the following tasks:

Aa new table 'newpurchase' will be created.


The PRIMARY KEY for that table 'newpurchase' is 'invoice_no'.
The one FOREIGN KEY for the table 'newpurchase' is a combination of 'ord_no' and 'book_id'.
The another FOREIGN KEY for the table 'newpurchase' is 'cate_id'.
The 'ord_no' and 'book_id' combination is the PRIMARY KEY for the table 'neworder'.
The 'cate_id' is the PRIMARY KEY for the table 'category'.
The FOREIGN KEY 'ord_no' and 'book_id' combination for the table 'newpurchase', which points
to the PRIMARY KEY 'ord_no' and 'book_id' combination of the table 'neworder'. That means the
distinct ('ord_no' and 'book_id') combination which are present in the 'neworder' table only those
unique 'order number' and 'book id' combination will come in the 'newpurchase' table.
The another FOREIGN KEY 'cate_id' for the table 'newpurchase' , which points to the PRIMARY
KEY 'cate_id' of the table 'category'. That means the 'cate_id' which are present in the 'category'
table only those 'category' will come in the 'newpurchase' table.
The ON DELETE NO ACTION are preventing a record in a parent 'neworder' being deleted or
altered when it is still referenced from a child table 'newpurchase' .

Here is the MySQL statement below for the above tasks.

CREATETABLEIFNOTEXISTS

newpurchase(invoice_novarchar(12)NOTNULLUNIQUEPRIMARYKEY,

invoice_dtdate,

ord_novarchar(25),

ord_datedate,

receive_dtdate,

book_idvarchar(8),

book_namevarchar(50),

pub_langvarchar(8),

cate_idvarchar(8),
receive_qtyint(5),

purch_pricedecimal(12,2),

total_costdecimal(12,2),

INDEX(ord_no,book_id),

FOREIGNKEY(ord_no,book_id)REFERENCES

neworder(ord_no,book_id)

ONUPDATECASCADEONDELETENOACTION,

INDEX(cate_id),

FOREIGNKEY(cate_id)REFERENCES category(cate_id));

You might also like