1 A particle P travels in a straight line.

The velocity of P at time t seconds after it passes through a fixed point A is

given by (0.6t2 + 3)ms−1. Find

(i) the velocity of P when it passes through A,

[1]

(ii) the displacement of P from A when t = 1.5,

[4]

(iii) the velocity of P when it has acceleration 6 ms −2.

[3]

A particle P can move in a straight line on a horizontal surface. At time t seconds the displacement of P from a
fixed point A on the line is x m. The diagram shows the (t, x) graph for P. In the interval 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 10, either the speed
of P is 4 ms−1, or P is at rest.

(i) Show by calculation that T = 1.75.

[2]

(ii) State the velocity of P when

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 (a) t = 2,
[1]

(b) t = 8,
[1]

(c) t = 9.
[1]

(iii) Calculate the distance travelled by P in the interval 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 10.

[3]

For t > 10, the displacement of P from A is given by x = 20t − t2 − 96.

(iv) Calculate the value of t, where t > 10, for which the speed of P is 4 ms−1.
[4]

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 3 The velocity v m s−1 of a car at time t s, during the first 20 s of its journey, is given by v = kt + 0.03t 2, where k is a
constant. When t = 20 the acceleration of the car is 1.3 m s−2. For t > 20 the car continues its journey with
constant acceleration 1.3 m s−2 until its speed reaches 25 m s−1.

(a) Find the value of k. [3]

(b) Find the total distance the car has travelled when its speed reaches 25 m s−1. [7]

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 4

A particle P is moving along a straight line with constant acceleration. Initially the particle is at O. After 9 s, P is

at a point A, where OA = 18 m (see diagram) and the velocity of P at A is 8 ms–1 in the direction .

(a) (i) Show that the initial speed of P is 4 ms–1. [2]

(ii) Find the acceleration of P. [2]

B is a point on the line such that OB = 10 m, as shown in the diagram.

(b) Show that P is never at point B. [4]

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 A second particle Q moves along the same straight line, but has variable acceleration. Initially Q is at O, and the
displacement of Q from O at time t seconds is given by

x = at3 + bt2 + ct,

where a, b and c are constants.

It is given that
• the velocity and acceleration of Q at the point O are the same as those of P at O,
• Q reaches the point A when t = 6.

(c) Find the velocity of Q at A. [5]

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 5(a)

The diagram shows the velocity-time graph modelling the velocity of a car as it approaches, and drives through,
a residential area.

The velocity of the car, v m s–1, at time t seconds for the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 5 is modelled by the equation v =
pt2 +qt+r, where p, q and r are constants.

It is given that the acceleration of the car is zero at t = 5 and the speed of the car then remains constant.

Determine the values of p, q and r. [5]

(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the car from t = 2 to t = 10. [3]

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 6(a) A particle P is moving in a straight line. At time t seconds P has velocity v m s–1 where v = (2t + 1)(3 – t).

Find the deceleration of P when t = 4. [2]

(b) Find the total distance that P travels between times t = 0 and t = 4. [3]

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 7(a) A car is travelling on a straight horizontal road. The velocity of the car, v ms–1, at time t seconds as it travels past
three points, P, Q and R, is modelled by the equation

v = αt 2 + bt + c,

where α, b and c are constants.

The car passes P at time t = 0 with velocity 8ms–1.

State the value of c. [1]

(b) The car passes Q at time t = 5 and at that instant its deceleration is 0.12ms–2. The car passes R at time t = 18
with velocity 2.96ms–1.

Determine the values of α and b. [4]

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 (c) Find, to the nearest metre, the distance between points P and R. [2]

8(a)

A particle P moves along the x-axis. At time t seconds, where t ≥ 0, the velocity of P in the positive x-direction is
vms–1. It is given that v = t(t–3)(8–t).

P attains its maximum velocity at time T seconds. The diagram shows part of the velocity-time graph for the
motion of P.

In this question you must show detailed reasoning.

Determine the value of T. [5]

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 (b) Find the total distance that P travels between times t = 0 and t = T. [3]

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 9(a) A particle P is moving in a straight line. At time t seconds, where t ≥ 0, P has velocity v ms-1 and acceleration a
ms-2 where a = 4t – 9. It is given that v = 2 when t = 1.

Find an expression for v in terms of t.

[3]

(b) The particle P is instantaneously at rest when t = t1 and t = t2 , where t1 < t2. Find the values of t 1 and t 2.

[2]

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 (c) Determine the total distance travelled by P between times t = 0 and t = t 2.

[3]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Part marks and guidance

1 i 3 ms–1 B1 MR (0.6t3 + 3), award B1

Examiner's Comments here

All three parts of this

question were well
answered by nearly all
candidates.

ii x = ∫(0.6t2 + 3)dt M1* Integrates v MR (0.6t3 + 3)

ii x = 0.6t3/3 + 3t (+ c) A1 Accept with / without + c 0.6t4 /4 + 3t is A0

ii Substitutes 1.5 in D*M1 Needs integration and 2

expression for x terms in t

ii x(1.5) = 5.175 m A1 Only without +c. Accept MR 5.26 only gets A1ft
5.17, 5.18

Examiner's Comments

This part had an answer of

exactly 5.175, which should
be left as such, but the
answer 5.18 was accepted.
Inevitably some answers
were based on suvat
expressions, more
commonly in (ii) where
integration was needed
than in (iii) which used
differentiation.

iii a = d(0.6t2 + 3)/dt M1* Differentiates v MR (0.6t3 + 3) gives t =

1.82(57..)

iii 6 = 2 × 0.6t D*M1 Plus attempt to solve a(t) =

6

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iii v(5) = 18 ms–1 A1 Examiner's Comments v(1.8257..) = 6.65 (3 sf)

Inevitably some answers

were based on suvat
expressions, more
commonly in (ii) where
integration was needed
than in (iii) which used
differentiation.

Total 8

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Part marks and guidance

2 i 5/(T – 3) = –4 OR 5/(3 – T) M1 Accept verification, 4 × (3 –

=4 1.75) M1

i T = 1.75 A1 = 5 A1 OR 5/(3 – 1.75) M1

= 4 A1

ii (a) –4 ms–1 B1

ii (b) 4 ms–1 B1

ii (c) 4 ms–1 B1

iii 2 × (–)4, 2 × 4, (1 ×)4 M1* Calculates any one Allow if only one calc.
unknown distance correct

iii d = (–)5 + (–)8+ 8 + 4 D*M1 Adds 5 and “3 other” Note t = 5 to t = 9, t = 5 to t

distances or –5 and “3 = 10 etc, may be one term
other” displacements

iii d = 25 m A1 Correctly comes from 4 ×

(1.25 + 4 + 1) 3/3

iv v = d(20t – t2 – 96)/dt M1* Differentiates x, accept 20 –

t as “differentiation”

iv v = 20 – 2t A1

iv 20 – 2t = – 4 D*M1 20 – 2t + c = –4 is DM0

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iv t = 12 (ignore any solutions A1 Only from 20 – 2t = –4. This SC Verifying that t = 12

less than 10) answer can arise gives v = –4 can gain final
fortuitously from solving M1A1 (A special case of
20t- t2 – 96 = 0. trial and refinement)

Examiner's Comments

In recent examinations, a (t,

v) graph has been
presented to candidates. It
was clear that a minority of
candidates used methods
inappropriate to a (t, x)
diagram. Others wrongly
used constant acceleration
formulae, in a problem
where changes of velocity
are instantaneous. Only the
best candidates were able
to solve fully, as only they
realised that a speed of 4 m
s–1 was consistent with v =
–4.

Total 12

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3 a a = k + 0.06t B1(AO
1.1)E

k + 0.06(20) = 1.3 M1(AO Use of t =

1.1)E 20 and
a = 1.3 in
k = 1.3 – 1.2 = 0.1 A1(AO their a
1.1)E

[3]

Examiner’s Comments
Nearly all candidates
correctly differentiated the
expression for v and
correctly obtained the value
of k as 0.1.

b M1*(AO Attempt to
3.1a)E integrate –
all powers
increased
by 1 (but
s = 0.05t2 + 0.01t3(+c) A1ft(AO not just
1.1)E multiplying
by t)

t = 0, s = 0 ⇒ c B1(AO If c = 0
2.1)A stated then
must give a
t = 20, v = 14 B1ft(AO From a reason
1.1)E correct
expression
s1 = 0.05(20)2 + 0.01(20)3 dep*M1( for s
AO 3.4)C
12 + 20k

M1(AO Finding
252 = 142 + 2(1.3)s2
3.3)A distance
travelled
after 20 s
(for
A1(AO reference
Total distance = s1 + s2 =
2.2a)A s1 = 100 )
265 m

[7] Use of v2 =
u2 + 2as
with v = 25
and a = 1.3

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and their u

All previous
marks must
have been
awarded

Examiner’s Comments
This part was answered
extremely well with many
candidates correctly finding
the total distance that car
had travelled when its
speed had reached 25
ms–1. Many correctly
realised that they had to
use integration to find an
expression for the
displacement in terms of t
which they could then use
to find the distance travelled
by the car in the first 20
seconds. However, many
ignored the constant of
integration that would arise
from the corresponding
indefinite integral; even
though this constant was
zero it is mathematically
incorrect to simply ignore it
(and for full marks
candidates either had to
consider this displacement
expressed as a definite
integral or explain why the
constant was zero). Most
candidates then used the
SUVAT equations to work
out the remaining distance
travelled when the speed
increased from 14 to 25 and
correctly calculated the total
distance as 265m.

Total 10

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4 a (i) M1
(AO 3.4)
Use of
AG

u = –4 therefore the A1
speed of P is (AO 1.1) Examiner’s Comments
4 (ms–1)
[2] To gain full credit in this
part examiners expected to
see u = –4 in the working as
well as 4 appearing. Whilst
s = ½(u + v)t was widely
used, sign fudging was
seen. Explanations clearly
distinguishing between
velocity and speed were
unusual.

a (ii) eg 8 = –4 + 9a M1 Use of v =
(AO 3.4) u + at with
their u or s
= vt - ½at2
or v2 = u2 +
2as with
their u or s
A1 = ut + ½at2
(AO 1.1) with their u

[2] Accept
1.33 or
better

Examiner’s Comments

Once again the necessary

methods were widely used,
with v = u + at the equation
used most. This was often
done with u = 4, candidates
not realising the importance
of the minus sign. Those
who used the equation s =
vt – ½at2 avoided this
consideration here.

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Part marks and guidance

b M1 Use of v =
(AO 3.1b) u + at with
v = 0 and
their a and
t=3 A1 u
(AO 1.1)

M1
(AO 3.4)

with
Use their
of a,
u&t
Smax = 6 < 10 so P is never A1
at B (AO 2.2a) Compare
with 10 or
[4] suitable
comment
OR
M1

with
Use their
of u
and a and
suitable s
A1

M1 Consider b2
– 4ac or
attempt to
solve three
A1 term
e.g. det = –24 therefore not quadratic in
possible t

Or 36 – 60
OR M2 <0
therefore
not
possible

A1
Use of v2 =
s = –6 or A1 u2 + 2as
with their a
Suitable conclusion and u and
either
v = 0 or s =
±10

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Part marks and guidance

Dependent
on previous
A mark

Examiner’s Comments

This part proved to be a

challenge and, although
there are various ways of
solving the problem,
candidates did not always
make their intentions easy
to follow. Were they
considering the motion from
O or B? Some even
appeared to be considering
A. Those trying s = ut +
½at2 once again had sign
difficulties, with u = 4 and/or
s = 10 used quite widely.

c x = at3 + bt2 + ct

M1 Attempt to Two terms

(AO 1.1) differentiate differentiate
once d correctly

Attempt to Two terms

differentiate differentiate
M1 again and d correctly
(AO 2.1) substitute t following
= 0 into through
both from their
equations first
and derivative
substitute
their
c = –4 and A1ft acceleratio
(AO 1.1) n in their
second
A1ft derivative Allow b =
(AO 1.1) and their u 0.665 from
in their first accel. =
derivative 1.33

Velocity of b = 0.5 ×

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 Mark Scheme

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A1 their accel.
(AO 1.1) and c = ±4

[5] Allow

which
come from
u=4

cao

Examiner’s Comments

Few fully correct solutions

were seen to this part.
Many just earned one mark
for differentiating the given
displacement equation,
seemingly not
understanding that t = 0
needed to be used in the
work to find b and c (not t =
6) and then t = 6 needed to
obtain a. A number of
candidates attempted to
solve this part using the
constant acceleration
formulae.

Total 13

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5 a v = pt2 + qt + r
t = 0,v = 18 ⇒ r = 18 B1 (AO
3.4)

t = 5,v = 9 ⇒ 25p + 5q + 18 M1 (AO Substitutes Allow with r

=9 1.1) t = 5,v = 9
into
B1 (AO quadratic
3.1b)

M1 (AO Dependent
1.1) on one
Substitutes term differe
t = 5 and ntiated
correctly
A1 (AO
sets
1.1)

[5]

BC (oe e.g.
exact
decimals)

Examiner’s Comments

Many candidates managed

to gain some credit on this
question. r = 18 was often
spotted and v = 9 at t = 5
well applied. Some then
stated v = 9 at t = 10 also,
and floundered. Pleasingly,
those who realised they
needed the acceleration
generally differentiated and
were accurate.

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Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Part marks and guidance

b M1 (AO Using their

3.4) values of p,
q and r in
an attempt
to find the
distance
B1 (AO travelled
+9×5
1.1) from 2 to 5
by
A1 (AO integration
= 75.24m
1.1) For
distance
[3] travelled
from 5 to
10
BC cao
(oe)

Examiner’s Comments

The most common

fundamental error here was
to see an integral evaluated
using the limits 0 and 10.
There was no reason for
candidates not to use the
numerical integration
function on their calculator,
but more often than not
showed the algebra.
Without values for p, q and
r found in (a) only B1 was
possible.

Total 8

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6 a Value at t = 4 is –11 B1 BC
(AO3.4)
of
B1 Correct
Deceleration of P is 11 m (AO2.5) positive
s–2 value, with
units

Alternative solution
M1

evaluated at t = A1
4 [2]
Correct
Deceleration of P is 11 m positive
s–2 value, with
units

b B1 BC
(AO3.1b)

B1 BC
(AO1.1)

Total distance is B1 Correct If no marks,

(AO1.1) answer then award
[3] (exact, or SC B1 for
at least 3sf) either
or 17.7 m correctly
integrating
v or for an
answer of
28/3 or
9.33 (at
least 3 sf)

Examiner’s Comments

Part (c) - Most just

considered t = 0 to t = 4
without realising the
importance of t = 3, even
though (b) was almost
always correct.

Total 5

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7 a t = 0,v = 8 ⇒ c = 8 M1 Correct
(AO1.1) value of c
[1]
Examiner’s Comments
This question was also
completed well, although a
significant number
attempted to use the ‘suvat’
equations.

Part (a) was answered

correctly on almost 100% of
the scripts.

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b B1 Correct
(AO3.1b) derivative

10a + b = –0.12 M1
(AO1.1) Substitutes
t = 5 into
their
a(18)2 + 18b + 8 = 2.96 M1 derivative Allow if still
(AO1.1) for v and contains c
sets equal
a = –0.02, b = 0.08 A1 to ±0.12
(AO3.1a) Substitutes
[4] t = 18 into v
and sets
equal to
2.96
BC (oe e.g.

Examiner’s Comments
Part (b) was also answered
well. Unfortunately, some
candidates ignored the
negative sign needed for
deceleration, which meant
only 3 out of the 4 marks
were available.

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c ∫018 (–0.02t2 + 0.08t+8) dt M1 Attempts At least two

(AO1.1a) integral powers
=118 (m) A1 between 0 increased
(AO1.1) and 18 for by 1 if
[2] their v (with shown
their values
for a, b and
c)

BC Allow
118.08

Examiner’s Comments
Part (c) was a ‘Find’
question, so an answer
obtained directly from the
calculator was expected,
although some candidates
did show a fully integrated
expression first. Some
candidates dropped marks
when they used the
incorrect limits and some
attempted to use ‘suvat’,
even if they had used
calculus in the earlier parts.

Total 7

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8 a DR B1 Expand Condone
(AO1.1) and this
v = t(– t2 + 11t – 24) M1 simplify v factorizatio
(AO3.4) correctly n
⇒ v = –t3 + 11t2– 24t M1
(AO1.1) Differentiat for –3t2 +
M1 e their 22t – 24 =
= –3t2 + 22t –24 (AO1.1) cubic 0
A1 expression
3t2 –22t + 24 = 0 (AO2.3) for v Any
[5] correctly working
(3t – 4)(t – 6) = 0 used to
Sets their determine
From sketch T > 3 therefore three-term the
T=6 quadratic in required
t equal to value of T
zero must be
accurate
Factorises
(oe) their
three-term
quadratic in
t

Correct
value of T
with reason
for

why T ≠

Examiner’s Comments

Candidates generally knew

how to answer this
question. It is another
detailed reasoning (DR)
question so, as in Question
2, we wanted to see how
the quadratic equation had
been solved. Many did not

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 Mark Scheme

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Part marks and guidance

provide this evidence so 3/5

was a common mark. We
also expected to see a valid
reason for the rejection of T

= .

b M1 Need to Where v is
(AO3.1b) see attempt a cubic
and
A1 at integrals expression
(AO1.1) but may be
A1 BC
(AO1.1)
[3] cao

and

Examiner’s Comments
Total distance =

Most candidates realised

this part required v to be
= 94.5 (m)
integrated. Many did not
use the calculator to do this
despite the instruction being
‘Find’. The most common
error was to do this with
limits 6 and 0, but the

combination of 6 and

and and 0 was also

seen. When doing definite
integrals on the calculator it
is wise, time permitting, for
candidates to type in the
relevant details twice to
hopefully avoid careless
errors.

Total 8

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9 a M1* Integrate +c not

(AO 1.1) given required for
M1 expression this first M
dep* for a with at mark
(1,2) ⇒ 2 = 2 – 9 + c ∴ c = (AO 3.4) least one
... A1 term (unsi
(AO 1.1) mplified)
v = 2t2 – 9t + 9 [3] correct
Using given
conditions
to find +c
Condone ‘v
=’ missing.

Examiner’s Comments

This question was

answered very well, with
the integration generally
correct. A few candidates
omitted ‘+ c’. Using v = (4t –
9)t was given M0.

b 2t2 – 9t + 9 = 0 ⇒ t =... M1 Setting

(AO 3.4) their 3-term
A1 quadratic
(AO 1.1) for v, from
(t1 =) 1.5, (t2 =) 3 [2] (a), equal
to zero and
solving for t
BC

Examiner’s Comments

Those who were successful

with (a) usually scored full
marks here.

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c B1 BC – Only FT
FT correct when their
(AO value for 3-term
3.1b) quadratic in
B1 their (b) leads to
FT positive
(AO 1.1) values for t
B1 1 and t2
Total distance travelled is
(AO BC –
6.75 (m)
3.2a) correct
[3] value for

their

cao

Examiner’s Comments

Most candidates realised

this part required v to be
integrated, with many not
using the calculator to do
this. The most common
error was to just do this with
limits 3 and 0 (mirroring a
similar error seen in
Question 11(c) of the
summer 2022 paper); this
scored no marks. With this
year’s question now giving
future candidates an extra
question of this type to
practice on in mock exams,
hopefully this type of error
will be reduced in the
future.

Assessment for
learning

When doing definite

integrals on the calculator, it
is wise (as long as time
permits) for candidates to
type in the relevant details

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 Mark Scheme

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twice to hopefully avoid

careless errors.

Total 8

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