GUJARAT TECHNOLONOGICAL UNIVERSITY

HJD Institute of Technical Education and Research

Kera, Bhuj, Kutch
A Report on:-
Home Automation system
Under subject of DESIGN ENGINEERING –1 A
B.E. , Semester – III (Electrical Engineering)
Group ID : 751234
SUBMITTED BY GROUP
Sr. Name Enrollment No.
1 SACHIN BAMBHANIYA 240853109001
2 BHARATKUMAR BHARADAVA 240853109002
3 RONAKGIRI GOSWAMI 240853109003
4 KARAN MAHESHWARI 240853109004

INTERNAL GUIDE
Prof. Pindoriya Dipesh
Civil Engineering Department
ACADEMIC YEAR (2024)

1
 EXAMINER CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
This is to certify the project entitled “Home automation system ”
SUBMITTED BY GROUP :-
Sr. Name Enrollment No.
1 SACHIN BAMBHANIYA 240853109001
2 BHARATKUMAR BHARADAVA 240853109002
3 RONAKGIRI GOSWAMI 240853109003
4 KARAN MAHESHWARI 240853109004

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the DESIGN

ENGINEERING -1A ( 3130008) in HJD Institute of Technical
Education and Research Kera, Bhuj is hereby approved
their DE project for
SEMESTER – 3

INTERNAL GUIDE Head of Department

Prof. Pindoriya Dipesh Prof. Hardik Pandya

Department of Electrical Engineering

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 HJD Institute of Technical Education and Research
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

VISION
 To produce comprehensively trained, socially
responsible and innovative electrical graduates to
contribute to the society.

MISSION
 To develop well equipped laboratories and
infrastructurefor conducive learning.
 To produce competent and disciplined electrical
engineers to serve the nation.
 To help in building national capabilities for excellent
energy management and to explore nonconventional
energy sources.
 To produce electrical engineers with an attitude to adapt
themselves to changing technological environment.
 To enhance entrepreneurship skills through startup.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With great pleasure, I take this opportunity to
express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to
my renowned and esteemed guide Prof. Mr. Hardik
Pandya Head of Department of Electrical Engineering, HJD
Institute of Technical Education and Research, Kera for her
consummate knowledge, due criticism, invaluable
guidance and encouragement which has enabled us to
give present shape to this work. I am heavily indebted to
Prof. Mr. Hardik Pandya Head of Department of Electrical
Engineering, HJD Institute of Technical Education and Research,
Kera, for his everlasting willingness to extend his
profound knowledge and experience in the preparation of
this report. Any attempt to define this indebtedness would
be incomplete. I am immensely thankful to other faculty
member of the department for his everlasting willingness
to extend his support and help in the completion of this
work. Finally, I would like to thank our friends and family
for their support and patience throughout the year,
especially to our parents who without their
encouragement and financial support, this would not have
been possible.

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 ABSTRACT
This abstract provides a concise overview of home automaton system
integrate advanced technology to enhance the efficiency, security, and
convenience of residential environments. This system allows users to
control various household devices—such as lighting, heating, air
conditioning, security cameras, and appliances—remotely or through
automated routines. Utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) devices, sensors,
and smart controllers, homeowners can optimize energy
consumption, improve security through surveillance and alerts, and
create customized living spaces that adapt to their preferences. The
system typically involves a central hub that connects to devices via
wireless protocols, enabling seamless communication and user
interaction through smartphones or voice commands. This paper
explores the architecture, technologies, benefits, and challenges of
implementing a home automation system, emphasizing its potential
to improve quality of life and promote sustainable living.
Home automation systems integrate advanced technology to enhance
the efficiency, security, and convenience of residential environments.
This system allows users to control various household devices—such
as lighting, heating, air conditioning, security cameras, and
appliances—remotely or through automated routines. Utilizing
Internet of Things (IoT) devices, sensors, and smart controllers,
homeowners can optimize energy consumption, improve security
through surveillance and alerts, and create customized living spaces
that adapt to their preferences. The system typically involves a central
hub that connects to devices via wireless protocols, enabling seamless
communication and user interaction through smartphones or voice
commands. This paper explores the architecture, technologies,
benefits, and challenges of implementing a home automation system,
emphasizing its potential to improve quality of life and promote
sustainable living.

5
Sr. Table Of Content Page
No.
VISION OF DEPARTMENT 3
MISSION OF DEPARTMENT 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
ABSTRACT 5
Content List
1. INTRODUCTION 7
2. CANVAS WORKING 8
 Empathy Mapping
 AEIOU Summary
 Ideation Canvas
 Product Development
 Mind Mapping
3. FUTURE SCOPE 16
4. PROTOTYPE 18
5. INTRODUCTION TO WORKING MODEL 21
 Basic Block Diagram
 Basic Circuit Diagram
 Hardware Specifications
 Advantages and Limitations of the
system
6. CONCLUSION 33
REFERENCE 35

6
 INTRODUCTION

A home automation system integrates various smart devices within a

home to allow centralized control over lighting, heating, security, and
entertainment systems. This technology enables homeowners to
manage their home environment remotely, enhancing convenience,
comfort, and energy efficiency. The aims of home automation system
are centered around improving convenience , security ,efficiency
and comfort with a household.
Home automation systems, often referred to as smart home
technology, have transformed the way we interact with our
living spaces. These systems allow homeowners to control
various aspects of their home from lighting and heating to
security and entertainment Through centralized devices or
applications. As technology has evolved, home automation has
become increasingly accessible and user-friendly, promising
enhanced security for modern households.
To create a smart home automation system that allows users
to control lights, appliances, and security features remotely via
a smartphone app or voice commands.
The phrase smart home refers to home automation devices
that have internet access. Home automation, a broader
category, includes any devices that can be monitored or
controlled via wireless radio signals, not just those having
internet access. when connected with the internet, home
sensors and activation devices are an important constituent of
the Internet of things (IOT).

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 CANVAS WORKING

Canvas 1 : EMPATHY MAPPING

This is the first step of the project or a problem. In this canvas,
we will find out what is user? Who is a User? What is
Stakeholder? Who are they? And what are the broad stories of
their activities.

 User : Families, Landlords, Tech enthusiasts, Busy Professionals,

Energy conscious users.
 Stakeholders : Stakeholders are people or organization with an
interest. In this stage, we may find those users which are directly
or indirectly related to the users for example: Energy companies,
Service providers, Retailors, Insurance companies,
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 Manufacturers , Citizens.
 Activities : Activities are directly or indirectly related to the
stakeholders for example : Detect the fault on Lighting control,
Climate control, Security and Surveillance, Applianc
control,Energy Management, Entertainment system, Voice and
integration, Remote monitoring, Routine Automation,
Emergency system.

Story Boarding

Happy : Jayesh Sharma is the homeowner of smart home, choose a

VIVINT smart home automation system which add extra level of
protection of their home. Its detected any kind of fire while the
family was out of the house. VIVINT smart home system notified the
local fire department, and they are able to be there and put out the
fire before the neighbour even knew Something. Was a wrong. so,
they are freely go outside and 24X7 Monitoring will there.
HAPPY : Dev was diagnosed with autism at age of three. Today, he’s
an active, high functioning child living in Baroda. His autism sometimes
bring unique challenges for his mother Anita. Dev comes and goes
freely, but causes concerns for his mother. The sensors, detectors and
cameras they are in smart home which makes her Stress free.
Sad : Sachin Sharma is the homeowner of the smart home in his
home there is a security camera and video enabled baby monitors is
one way that homeowners and parents help themselves feel at ease,
problem is that sometimes this devices are hacked, this can lead to
some scary situation like parents that thought a man in their nursery,
only to find out someone get hacked their baby cam and was using it
to talk to their baby.
Sad : Amazon Virtual assistant Alexa has accidentally made some
expensive purchase for owner with children. Alexa with her parents
realizing the mistake after the product arrived. Alexa as well as other
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virtual assistant and smart devices have been triggered by
unauthorised voice commands in the post. Now Amazon Echo require
confirmation before sending the order through. This feature prevents
unintentional order.

Canvas 2 : AEIOU Summary

 Activity : This section will include application of the product

such as: Lighting control, Fully automatic appliance, Security
system, Entertainment, Temperature regulation, Energy
management, Voice controlled Automation, Smart doorbells and
locks.
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 
 Environment : This will include : Safety and security, Climate
control atmosphere, Saves Energy, Networking, Smart devices.
 Interactions : This will include : User to device, device to
system, sensor based interaction, voice automated interaction,
user feedback and customization.
 Objects : This will include: Sensors, Smart plugs, Safety
equipment , Smart lights, Health and wellness devices,
Entertainment system.
 Users : This will include : Homeowners, Landlords, Household
staff, Renters, Guests ,Service provider, Smart Assistant, Families
with children.

Canvas 3 : Ideation Canvas

This canvas consists of the ideology behind the user, so in this canvas
some brief ideas are expressed. People section consists of persons
related to user technically and similar persons may relate to user.
Then we divided activities in social & technical and try to find out the
importance of each activity and situations & location regarding are
find out related to each.

 People : This will include : Family Member, Busy professionals,
Tech enthusiasts, Property Managers, Elderly or People with
disabilities.

 Activities : This canvas consists of the ideology behind the user,

so in this canvas some brief ideas are expressed. Then we divided
activities in social & technical and try to find out the importance
of each activity the are: Security monitoring, Automatic
operates, Saves energy, Lighting Control, Voice control, Climate
control.

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 Situation/Context/Location : Integration with IOT, Safety
and Health Monitoring, Home security, Central hub and control
panel, Rooms and hallways, Garden, Smart kitchen.

 Props/Possible Solution : For Fault detection, User privacy,

Connectivity issues, Security Risks, Compatibility problem,
Maintenance, Complexity, Interface, Limited range.

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 Canvas 4 : Product Development Canvas

Product development canvas comprises of a process that streamlines

thought, systematically. Once, an idea is generated,next step is to
identify a product/process (in a comprehensive manner) to resolve
the specific difficulty for a user group. Product development canvas
had given us insights to the problems which we had faced while
creating an ideation of our product, factors such as Purpose, people,
product experience, product functions, product features, and
components.

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  Purpose : This will include : Saves Energy, Security Concerns,
Time management, Home safety Hazards.
 People : This will include: Families, Tech Enthusiasts, Senior
citizen, Frequent travelers, Renter.
 Components : This will include : Sensors, Actuators, Controller,
Arduino uno, Smart lights, Hub, Smart plugs, Voice Assistant.


Canvas 5 : Mind-Mapping Canvas

Mind mapping is a way of linking key concepts using

images, lines and links. Mind mapping uses the concept
of "radiant thinking" that is, thoughts radiate out from
a single idea, often expressed as an image. Branches
flow backwards and forwards from and to the central
idea. Mind maps are diagrams used to visually organize
information hierarchically. Mind maps are created
around a single concept or image at the center of a
canvas. Here, major ideas directly branch from this
central point(Automation) with further ideas and detail
branching off from those levels.

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15
 FUTURE SCOPE

The future scope of home automation systems is promising and

expansive, driven by advancements in technology and growing
consumer demand for convenience, security, and energy efficiency.
Here are some key trends and developments to watch:
1. Integration with AI and Machine Learning: Home automation
systems will increasingly leverage AI to learn user preferences
and behaviours, allowing for more personalized and intuitive
control of smart devices.
2. Interoperability and Standardization: Efforts to establish
universal standards (like Matter) will facilitate seamless
communication between different devices and brands,
enhancing user experience and system reliability.
3. Enhanced Security Features: As concerns about cybersecurity
grow, home automation systems will incorporate more robust
security measures, including biometric authentication, advanced
encryption, and real-time monitoring.
4. Energy Management: With a focus on sustainability, future
systems will optimize energy use, integrate with renewable
energy sources, and provide real-time feedback to help
homeowners reduce consumption.
5. Health Monitoring: Integration of health-related devices (like
smart air purifiers and wellness sensors) will enable systems to
monitor indoor air quality and personal health metrics,
promoting overall well-being.
6. Voice Control and Natural Language Processing: Advances in
voice recognition technology will make interacting with home
automation systems more intuitive, allowing users to control
devices with natural language commands.
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 7. Increased Use of IoT Devices: The proliferation of Internet of
Things (IoT) devices will continue, enabling more smart
appliances, security systems, and environmental controls, all
interconnected for comprehensive home management.
8. Remote Access and Control: As mobile app capabilities improve,
homeowners will enjoy greater control over their systems from
anywhere, enhancing convenience and peace of mind.
9. Smart Energy Solutions: Integration with smart grids and energy
storage solutions will allow homes to manage energy
consumption more effectively, potentially leading to lower utility
costs.
10. Focus on User Experience: The design and usability of
interfaces will improve, making home automation systems more
accessible to a broader audience, including those less tech-savvy.
As these trends unfold, home automation systems will not only
enhance daily living but also contribute to energy saves.

In summary, the future of home automation system projects is likely

to involve advancements in technology, increased integration of data-
driven solutions, and adaptation to changes in power grid
infrastructure and regulatory environments. These developments aim
to enhance the reliability and efficiency of home automation system
systems, ultimately benefiting society and the environment.

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PROTOTYPE

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Detecting faults in home automation system is crucial for maintaining
the stability and reliability of electrical power distribution systems.
There are various methods and technologies used for home
automation detection. Here are some common approaches:
 Lightning Control
 Security System
 Software platforms
 Voice controlled
 Energy monitoring
 Testing and iteration
 Network setup
 User interface(UI)
 Documentation

The choice of fault detection method depends on the specific

requirements of the transmission system, its complexity, and the level
of automation desired. Many modern systems use a combination of
these methods to enhance fault detection and minimize downtime.
The emergence of digital information technology has led to rapid
changes in human lifestyles. Recently, there has been an increase in
user interest in using smart home technology. The technology provides
connection for multiple devices, offers home automation,
surveillance, and many more using Internet of Things (IoT) [1,2]. The
IoT-based technology allows for the integration of various devices and
systems within the home, enabling them to work together seamlessly.
This makes it easier for users to control and monitor multiple devices
and systems from a single platform, such as a smartphone app [3]. It
represents and reports the state of the connected devices in a user
friendly interface, then allowing the user to interact and control
various devices with few buttons. These systems fully support the
automation of household devices, maintaining, reducing energy
usage, and improves comfort levels of the users [4]. The early

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intelligent home systems were implemented using Bluetooth
technology, but the technology could only be accessed and controlled
within a limited area. The IoT gets around this restriction and gives
people a great way to control all of their home’s devices anywhere in
the world with their phones. WiMAX, Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), ZigBee,
and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) are some of
the various communication technologies used in today’s home
automation systems

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 INTRODUCTION TO WORKING MODEL

Basic block diagram

The hardware architecture of the developed smart home automation

system consists of ATMEGA328P microcontroller, mobile phone, flame
sensor, PIR sensor, relay module, gas sensor, and GSM modem. The
block diagram of the proposed smart home system is given in Fig. 1. In
the designed system, incoming message is sent from the phone user
to the GSM modem as a text message through cellular network. The
GSM modern then sends to commands in text to the Arduino uno
board designed around a ATMEGA328P microcontroller.

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Basic Circuit Diagram

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 Hardware specifications

Sr. Components
1. PIR SENSOR
2. FLAME SENSOR
3. ATMEGA328P(Arduino uno)
4. GSM SIM 900 MODULE
5. ACTUATORS
6. VOICE ASSISTANT
7. CONTROLLER
8. SMART PLUGS
9. HUB
10. SMART LIGHTS
11. RELAY
12. ALEXA

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SENSORS:-

PIR SENSOR: A PIR sensor is a type of electrical sensor used in

motion detection applications. It detects and measures IR
radiations emitted by any object inside its range of view. In this
paper, PIR sensor was used to detect intruders who go near
home environment in absent of house owner. The module has
only three pins; Vcc pin, a ground pin and the digital output pin.

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FLAME SENSOR: A flame sensor was used in this designed to detect
and respond to the presence of a flame or fire. When a fire is
detected the digital output pin (D0 ) on the microcontroller used
gives 0 V which low (LOW) and when the is no fire the output pin
gives 5 V (HIGH). In this proposed system, the flame sensor used is
based on YG1006 sensor which is a high speed and high sensitive
NPN silicon phototransistor. It detects IR light with a wavelength
ranging from 700 nm to 1000 nm and its detection angle is about 60°.
The working voltage of the sensor is between 3.3V and 5 V DC, with a
digital output. Logic high on the output indicates presence of flame
or fire. Logic low on output indicates absence of flame or fire.

25
ATMEGA328p: ATMEGA328P board developed by Arduino was used as a microcontroller to the
system. The board is equipped with sets of 14 digital input/output pins, six analog input/output pins
and other ports and jacks that can be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields). It is
programmable with the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) through a Type B USB
cable. It can be powered by a USB cable with 5V or by an external 9-volt battery. In this design, a
5V/12V 1.5A power adapter was used, it supplies required power to ATMEGA328P microcontroller
and other components. The power adapter converts a 220/240V AC into 5V and 12V DC. The adapter
provides two DC outputs, 5V and 12V. The ATMEGA328P microcontroller controls operations of all
the components used in the system.

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GSM SIM 900 module: SIM900 GSM/GPRS
module is a miniature GSM modem, which can be
integrated into a great number of IoT projects. The
module is used to make/receive phone calls, send
text messages (SMS), connecting to internet
through GPRS and TCP/IP. The module operating
voltage is in the range of 3.2V–4.8V. The SIM800L
GSM chip’s data pins have all been separated into
0.1′′ pitch headers. This comprises the pins needed
for hardware serial port communication with a
microcontroller. The module enables Auto-Baud
detection and baud rates between 1200 bps and
115200 bps.

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RELAY:

In home automation systems, a relay is an electrical switch that

allows you to control high-power devices, such as lights, fans, or
appliances, from a low-power control signal. Relays are typically used
in smart home setups to automate the on/off control of devices,
often integrated with a home automation hub or smart controller.
There are different types of relays for home automation: But in home
automation system smart relays are used neither mechanical relay
nor solid state relay. Smart Relays: These are built specifically for
home automation and often include wireless communication
capabilities (e.g., Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave), enabling remote control
through an app or smart home hub (like Smart things, home
Assistant, or habitat).

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 Working Model

Home automation system works with the help of a network

of devices that are connected to the Internet through
different communication systems like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
ZigBee, and others. Through these devices can be managed
remotely through controllers through an app. Many of these
IoT devices have sensors that monitor changes in motion,
temperature, and light so the user can gain information about
the device’s surroundings.

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Applications of home Automation
Some of the most common applications of home automation
are as follows-
 Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.
 Lighting control system.
 Occupancy-aware control system.
 Leak detection.
 Smoke sensors.
 Indoor positioning systems.
 Home automation for the elderly and disabled.
 Air quality control.
 Smart Kitchen.
 Connected Cooking.
 Voice control devices like Amazon Alexa or Google Home
used to control home appliances or systems etc.

Working Principle

Home automation systems integrate various devices and

technologies to enhance comfort, security, energy efficiency,
and convenience in a residential setting. Here are the key
working principles:

1. Connectivity: Home automation relies on a network of

interconnected devices, often using Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, or

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 other wireless protocols. This connectivity allows devices to
communicate and share data.

2. Central Control Hub: Many systems use a central hub or

controller that manages communication between devices. This
hub can be a physical device or cloud-based software, allowing
for remote access and control.

3. Sensors and Actuators: Sensors (e.g., motion, temperature,

humidity) collect data from the environment, while actuators
(e.g., smart switches, motors) perform actions based on that
data. For example, a motion sensor might trigger lights to turn
on.

4. User Interfaces: Home automation systems often provide user-

friendly interfaces through smartphones, tablets, or smart
displays, enabling users to monitor and control devices easily.

5. Automation Rules and Schedules: Users can set automation rules

or schedules, allowing devices to operate based on specific
conditions or times. For instance, lights can be programmed to
turn on at sunset.

6. Voice Control: Many systems integrate with virtual assistants

(like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant), allowing users to
control devices using voice commands.

7. Remote Access: Through mobile apps or web interfaces, users

can control their home automation system from anywhere,
providing convenience and peace of mind.

8. Interoperability: A good home automation system allows

different brands and types of devices to work together,
enhancing flexibility and customization.

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 9. Security Protocols: Secure communication and encryption are
essential to protect user data and prevent unauthorized access
to the system.

10.Energy Management: Some systems incorporate energy

monitoring features, helping users track energy consumption
and optimize usage for cost savings.

By leveraging these principles, home automation systems create

a seamless, efficient, and user-friendly living environment.

Advantages And Limitations of the system

Advantages :
1) Saves Money
2) Improve security and safety
3) Use less Energy
4) Create Convenience
5) Increases home comfort
6) Enhance accessibility
7) Saving of time
8) Integration with interconnectivity

Limitations of the system :

1) Complexity and learning curve

2) Security and privacy concerns

3) High initial cost

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 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, home automation systems offer a range of benefits,

including enhanced convenience, energy efficiency, improved security,
and greater comfort through customization. These systems allow
homeowners to control various aspects of their homes remotely or
through automation, simplifying daily routines and providing peace of
mind. However, the technology is not without its challenges. High
initial costs, compatibility issues among different devices, security
vulnerabilities, reliance on stable internet and power, and the
technical complexity of setup and management can pose obstacles to
adoption.

As technology advances, these limitations are expected to diminish.

Efforts to standardize platforms, improve cybersecurity, and make
devices more affordable will likely expand the accessibility and
reliability of smart home systems. The integration of artificial
intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) will further enhance
automation capabilities, making homes more intuitive and responsive
to user needs. Ultimately, while there are hurdles to overcome, the
long-term prospects of home automation are promising, and its
potential to improve modern living is significant.
1) Cost Savings : By identifying faults before they escalate,
utilities can save significant costs associated with
emergency repairs and equipment replacement.
2) Enhanced Safety : Early detection of faults enhances the
safety of both utility workers and the general public by
preventing dangerous electrical incidents.
3) Optimized Maintenance : The project supports predictive
33
 maintenance, allowing utilities to schedule maintenance
activities more efficiently, reducing operational costs.
4) Integration with Modernization Efforts : It aligns with grid
modernization initiatives, making power systems more
adaptable to future energy needs.
5) Technological Advancements : The project leverages
emerging technologies such as IoT, machine learning, and
big data analytics to continually improve fault detection
capabilities.
6) Environmental Impact : By minimizing downtime and
optimizing power distribution, the project indirectly
contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
environmental impact.
7) Integration with IOT: Home automation system often
integrate with the broader internet of IOT ecosystem.
Devices like smart speakers, voice assistants, and sensors
connect to streamline automation across different systems.

In this research, IoT-based smart home and security system have been
designed and implemented using GSM and ATMEGA328p microcontroller. The
system provides a low cost home automation system with different sensors
incorporated. PIR sensor was used to detect human presence, MQ2 sensor was
used to detect gas leakage, and Flame sensor was used to detect presence of
fire. The outputs of the sensing devices send SMS through GSM modules and
sound is generated by the alarm system that is attached. The system also
reduces energy consumption by controlling home appliances. The system had a
precision of 94.44%, but in the future work, more sensors could be added to
the system to achieve better performance. By incorporating computer vision
techniques, too, false alarms caused using PIR sensors to detect intruders could
be reduced so this is the conclusion of the home automation system.

34
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