Q. No.

3: Use the following pairs of words in sentences clearly elaborating their

meaning.

1. Shear / Sheer
o The shepherd used scissors to shear the sheep's wool.
o The cliff had a sheer drop of 500 feet.
2. Scull / Skull
o The rower used a scull to propel his boat forward.
o The X-ray showed a fracture in his skull.
3. Team / Teem
o Our football team won the championship.
o The river teems with fish during the monsoon.
4. Soar / Sore
o The eagle can soar high in the sky.
o My feet are sore after a long hike.
5. Tamper / Temper
o He tried to tamper with the evidence, but he was caught.
o She has a bad temper when things don’t go her way.
6. Ingenious / Ingenuous
o The scientist came up with an ingenious solution to the problem.
o Her ingenuous nature made her an easy target for fraudsters.
7. Veracity / Voracity
o The lawyer questioned the veracity of the witness’s statement.
o His voracity for knowledge led him to read numerous books.

Q. No. 4: Write short notes on any three of the following.

1. Negotiations with IPPs for reducing electricity rates

o The government engages in negotiations with Independent Power Producers
(IPPs) to lower electricity tariffs. These discussions aim to reduce costs for
consumers while ensuring sustainable energy production.
2. Special Investment Facilitation Council
o A governmental body designed to attract and streamline investments in key
economic sectors, fostering economic growth and job creation.
3. End of prolonged dictatorship in Syria
o The Syrian dictatorship, led by Bashar al-Assad, has faced challenges and
resistance for years. While there has been no definitive end to his rule,
international and internal opposition continues to challenge the authoritarian
regime.
4. Pakistan’s deteriorating relations with Taliban Government in Afghanistan
o Relations between Pakistan and the Taliban-led Afghanistan have worsened due
to cross-border security issues, economic challenges, and geopolitical tensions.
Both countries face difficulties in maintaining diplomatic ties.
Q. No. 5: Fill in the blanks.

1. The author of the book "Pakistan Economic Challenges and Solutions" is Dr. Hafiz
A. Pasha.
2. The author of the book "Wealth of Nations" is Adam Smith.
3. The author of the book "Fabric of Islam" is Altaf Gauhar.
4. IMO stands for International Maritime Organization.
5. MCKRU stands for Minimum Capital Requirement for Underwriters.
6. Noology is the study of the mind and intellect.
7. Nosology is the study of diseases.
8. Anthropology is the study of human societies and cultures.
9. Rigor Mortis is the phenomenon of stiffening of muscles after death.
10. Amphibians refers to those animals who can live both in water and on land.

Q. No. 6: Define any ten (10) of the following terms.

1. Plea of alibi – A legal defense where a person proves they were elsewhere when a crime
occurred.
2. Sublimation – The process where a solid changes into gas without becoming liquid.
3. Indemnity – Compensation for loss or damage.
4. Bitong – A container for keeping medicine or herbs (less common term).
5. Orthography – The conventional spelling system of a language.
6. Cynophobia – An irrational fear of dogs.
7. Ping Pong – Another name for table tennis.
8. Petrichor – The pleasant earthy smell after rainfall.
9. Cremation – The process of burning a dead body to ashes.
10. Glabella – The smooth part of the forehead above the nose.
11. Thalassophile – A person who loves the sea.
12. Rollercoaster – A type of amusement park ride with steep drops and turns, also used
metaphorically to describe emotional highs and lows.
Here are the meanings along with example sentences for each idiom:

1. On the ball – Being alert, efficient, and quick to respond.

o Sentence: The teacher asked a difficult question, but Sarah was on the ball and
answered immediately.
2. A Freudian slip – An unintentional mistake revealing subconscious thoughts.
o Sentence: While introducing his fiancée, he made a Freudian slip and called her
by his ex-girlfriend’s name.
3. Apple pie order – A state of perfect neatness and order.
o Sentence: After spending the entire morning cleaning, the room was finally in
apple pie order.
4. Rest on one’s laurels – To rely on past achievements rather than striving for more.
o Sentence: Just because he won the employee of the month award doesn’t mean he
should rest on his laurels and stop working hard.
5. Gird up one's loins – To prepare oneself for a difficult task.
o Sentence: With the upcoming board exams, students must gird up their loins and
start studying seriously.
6. To hold water – To be logical or valid.
o Sentence: His excuse for missing the meeting doesn’t hold water because he was
seen at a café during that time.
7. Feather one's nest – To use one's position for personal gain.
o Sentence: The corrupt official was caught trying to feather his nest by diverting
government funds into his personal account.
8. In one’s element – Being in a situation where one excels.
o Sentence: As soon as she stepped onto the dance floor, she was in her element,
performing with confidence and grace.
9. A bear garden – A chaotic and noisy place.
o Sentence: The shopping mall was like a bear garden during the holiday sales,
with people rushing everywhere.
10. On the go – Being constantly busy and active.

 Sentence: Between work, school, and family responsibilities, she is always on the go.

Q. No. 3

(a) Write the names of the authors of any five of these books

1. Ulema in Politics – Qasim Zaman

2. Pakistan: Search for Stability – Shahid Javed Burki
3. Nexus – Ramez Naam
4. Pakistan: The Economy of an Elitist State – Ishrat Husain
5. The Secret – Rhonda Byrne

(b) What do these abbreviations stand for (any five)?

1. LLB – Bachelor of Laws

 2. IBRD – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
3. PILDAT – Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency
4. USAID – United States Agency for International Development
5. MDCAT – Medical and Dental College Admission Test

(c) Define any five of the following terms

1. Jactitation – False boasting or claims, especially regarding legal matters.

2. Obiter dictum – A judge’s incidental opinion in a legal ruling, not legally binding.
3. Judgment debtor – A person who owes money as a result of a court judgment.
4. Ex facie – Something that appears to be true at first glance.
5. Sine qua non – An essential condition or requirement for something.

Q. No. 5: Explain any four of the following

1. 26th Constitutional Amendment – This amendment in Pakistan’s Constitution granted

increased representation to the tribal districts (formerly FATA) in the National and
Provincial Assemblies.
2. Change of Government in Syria – The Syrian Civil War, which started in 2011, led to
ongoing attempts to change the government under Bashar al-Assad, involving
international intervention and severe humanitarian crises.
3. Madrassah Registration Act – A law aimed at regulating religious seminaries in
Pakistan by ensuring standardized curricula, financial transparency, and preventing
extremism.
4. Hush Money Case Against Donald Trump – A legal case in which former U.S.
President Donald Trump was accused of paying money to silence allegations of
misconduct, impacting his political and legal standing.

Idioms with Meanings and Sentences

1. Stir a hornet’s nest – To cause trouble or provoke a strong reaction.

o Sentence: The journalist stirred a hornet’s nest by exposing corruption in the
government, leading to widespread protests.
2. Off-the-cuff – Something done or said spontaneously without preparation.
o Sentence: Despite no prior notice, he delivered an impressive off-the-cuff speech
at the wedding.
3. Achilles’ heel – A person’s weak or vulnerable point.
o Sentence: His lack of patience is his Achilles’ heel, making it difficult for him to
work in a team.
4. Fair and square – In a completely honest and just manner.
o Sentence: They won the competition fair and square, without any cheating or
favoritism.
5. Hit a snag – To encounter an unexpected problem or obstacle.
 o Sentence: The construction project hit a snag when they discovered an issue with
the building’s foundation.

Q-2 (A) Fill in any five of the following blanks:

1. She writes with ink.

2. You must bear his pranks.
3. Ahmed is going to visit Turbat.
4. He has arrived in London.
5. I shall abide by my promise.
6. The river runs through the city.

Q-3 (A) Write down antonyms of any ten of the following:

1. Onerous - Easy
2. Perdition - Salvation
3. Hypocrisy - Sincerity
4. Paucity - Abundance
5. Perpetrator - Victim
6. Apathy - Interest
7. Stale - Fresh
8. Triumph - Defeat
9. Swim - Sink
10. Provoke - Calm

Q-3 (B) Write down synonyms of any ten of the following:

1. Aberration - Anomaly
2. Pessimistic - Negative
3. Bucolic - Rustic
4. Witty - Clever
5. Impeccable - Flawless
6. Inundate - Flood
7. Abrupt - Sudden
8. Efficacy - Effectiveness
9. Tepid - Lukewarm
10. Trail - Path

Q-4 Write down meanings of any ten of the following:

1. To wash one’s hands of - To disclaim responsibility

2. To cut a long story short - To summarize briefly
 3. Politic - Prudent, wise
4. Aviary - A place where birds are kept
5. Bibliophile - A lover of books
6. Bigot - A person intolerant of others’ beliefs
7. Optimist - A person who always looks on the bright side
8. Somniloquist - A person who talks in their sleep
9. Tie the knot - To get married
10. Constellation - A group of stars forming a pattern

Q-6 Answer any ten of the following:

1. What causes a cloud to form?

o Clouds form when water vapor in the air condenses into tiny droplets.
2. How is a rainbow formed?
o A rainbow is formed when light is refracted, dispersed, and reflected in water
droplets.
3. What was the old name of Dera Murad Jamali?
o Its old name was Temple Dera.
4. Which is the biggest planet in our solar system?
o Jupiter is the largest planet in terms of mass, volume, and surface area.
5. Is the universe stationary or expanding?
o The universe is expanding.
6. Which is the only planet of the solar system that rotates clockwise?
o Venus.
7. Which planet of the solar system has the largest diameter?
o Jupiter.
8. In how many days does Mercury complete one rotation around the Sun?
o 88 days.
9. A solar eclipse occurs when the ______ gets between ______ and ______.
o Moon, Sun, Earth.
10. A lunar eclipse occurs when the ______ gets between ______ and ______.

 Earth, Sun, Moon.

11. How does the Sun produce most of its energy?

 Through nuclear fusion.

12. Is the Sun a "Planet" or a "Satellite" or a "Star"?

 A Star.

13. The term "Black Gold" is used for?

  Petroleum/Oil.

Q-7 Write the full form of any ten of the following abbreviations:

1. SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission

2. UNICEF - United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
3. SSGC - Sui Southern Gas Company
4. UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund
5. UNOCHA - United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
6. IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development
7. PSDP - Public Sector Development Program
8. NYFF - New York Film Festival
9. FIFA - Fédération Internationale de Football Association
10. UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Q-2: Correct any TEN of the following sentences:

1. Incorrect: He refused having taken my pen.

Correct: He refused to have taken my pen.
2. Incorrect: I hope you are keeping good health.
Correct: I hope you are in good health.
3. Incorrect: I have a pen towering.
Correct: I have a pen in my pocket.
4. Incorrect: If you will go now, you will meet him.
Correct: If you go now, you will meet him.
5. Incorrect: I should have gone yesterday if I had got your message.
Correct: I would have gone yesterday if I had got your message.
6. Incorrect: Neither he nor his friend are guilty.
Correct: Neither he nor his friend is guilty.
7. Incorrect: The trained reached the station before I had reached there.
Correct: The train reached the station before I arrived there.
8. Incorrect: The doctor saw the pulse of the patient.
Correct: The doctor checked the pulse of the patient.
9. Incorrect: As soon as you had gone, I wanted to see you again.
Correct: As soon as you went, I wanted to see you again.
10. Incorrect: I work on a news paper from Monday to Tuesday.
Correct: I work for a newspaper from Monday to Tuesday.
11. Incorrect: He gave the speech the other day.
Correct: He delivered the speech the other day.
12. Incorrect: The secretary is busy. He holds a meeting in his office.
Correct: The secretary is busy. He is holding a meeting in his office.
Q-3: Use any TEN of the following idioms in your own sentences:

1. To be caught napping – The goalkeeper was caught napping when the opposing team
scored a goal.
2. Break out – A fire broke out in the building last night.
3. Carry out – The scientists carried out an important experiment.
4. To paint the town red – After winning the championship, the team painted the town red.
5. To be set upon – The traveler was set upon by robbers on his way home.
6. Dark horse – No one expected him to win the election; he was truly a dark horse.
7. Give up ghost – After years of use, the old car finally gave up the ghost.
8. Half-baked escape – His half-baked escape plan landed him in more trouble.
9. Make a mountain out of a molehill – She always makes a mountain out of a molehill
over small issues.
10. Sail under false colours – The spy sailed under false colors to gather information.
11. To cry blue murder – The fans cried blue murder when the referee made a bad decision.
12. Odds and ends – She packed all her clothes and left a few odds and ends behind.

Q-7: Explain the following:

1. Name the Indian Parliament:

o The Indian Parliament is called Sansad, which consists of two houses: Lok
Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
2. What is hybridity?
o Hybridity refers to the mixing of different cultures, species, or ideas to create
something new. In biology, it refers to the crossbreeding of different species or
varieties.
3. What is cornea?
o The cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped front part of the eye that covers the
iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. It plays a key role in focusing vision.
4. What is amorphous?
o Amorphous refers to a substance or material that lacks a definite shape or form. In
chemistry, an amorphous solid is one that does not have a regular crystalline
structure.
5. What is mixed farming?
o Mixed farming is an agricultural practice that combines both crop cultivation
and livestock farming on the same land to maximize productivity and efficiency.