Csc 307 German question practice

- **You have an Entity set when:** You have a collection of similar entities with common
attributes.
- **Which of the following structure represent the entity sets?** Rectangle.
- **Which of the following key is considered unique in a table?** Primary Key.
- **Which of the following diagram link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationship
sets?** ER Diagram.
- **Which data models was developed by C.F. Codd?** Relational Model.
- **Which file operation will be required for the retrieval of the record that come immediately
before the currently accessed record is retrieved?** Previous.
- **Which file operation will be required for an application that must process all of the
information in the file at one time?** Read.
- **What are the comparison operators that can be used in a domain with a set of unordered
values?** Equality (=) and Inequality (≠).
- **Weak entity set is represented as?** Double Rectangle.
- **Weak entity set always appears in association with?** Another Entity Set.
- **We indicate roles in ER diagrams by labeling the lines that connect:** Entity sets to
Relationship sets.
- **Tuples can be uniquely identified by an attribute or set of attributes known as a:** Primary
key.
- **The statement given is an example of which mapping cardinality: A customer is connected
with only one loan using the relationship borrower and a loan is connected with only one
customer using borrower?** One-to-One (1:1).
- **The statement given is an example of which mapping cardinality, A loan is connected with
only one customer using borrower and a customer is connected with more than one loans using
borrower?** One-to-Many (1:N).
- **The statement given is an example of which mapping cardinality, A customer is connected
with more than one loan using borrower and a loan is connected with more than one customer
using borrower?** Many-to-Many (M:N).
- **The restrictions placed on the data in a Database is called?** Constraints.
- **The primary key of a weak entity set is called:** Discriminator.
- **The primary key must be?** Unique and Non-null.
- **The operations in a relational model can be categorized into:** Unary and Binary.
- **The oldest Database model is:** Hierarchical Model.
- **The methodology for documenting databases and illustrating the relationship between
various entities in the database is?** Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling.
- **The logical structure of the database is called a/an:** Schema.
- **The level of data abstraction that describes how a record is stored.** Physical Level.
- **The file operation that will retrieve a record, update one or more of its fields, and rewrite the
updated record back into the file is called?** Update.
- **The entity relationship set is represented in ER diagram as?** Diamond.
- **The degree of a table is the number of:** Attributes in the table.
- **The constraint which states that NO primary key value of a table can be NULL is called:**
Primary Key Constraint.
- **The constraint used between 2 relations to maintain consistency among the tuples in the 2
relations is called:** Foreign Key Constraint.
- **The 3 types of mapping cardinalities are:** One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-Many.
- **State the syntax for a SELECT operation.** `SELECT attribute1, attribute2 FROM table_name
WHERE condition;`
- **State the syntax for a PROJECT operation.** `π attribute1, attribute2 (Relation)`
- **State in correct order the steps involved in creating an entity relationship diagram?**
Identify entities, define attributes, determine relationships, establish cardinality and
constraints, draw the ER diagram.
- **Relationship between 3 entities is called:** Ternary relationship.
- **Mapping of file is managed by:** Operating System.
- **In which architecture can’t client directly communicate with the server?** Three-tier
architecture.
- **In ER diagram, generalization is represented by:** A triangle shape.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a strong entity set with simple attributes will require:** 1
table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a strong entity set with multi-valued attributes will
require:** 2 tables.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a strong entity set with composite attributes will
require:** 1 table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with cardinality ratio m:n will
require:** 1 table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with cardinality ratio 1:n will
require:** 1 table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with cardinality ratio m:1 will
require:** 1 table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with cardinality ratio 1:1 will
require:** 1 table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with cardinality ratio m:n will
require:** 1 table(s).
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with cardinality constraint and a
total participation on one side will require:** 1 table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with cardinality constraint and a
total participation on both sides will require:** 1 table.
- **In converting ER diagram to tables, a binary relationship with a weak entity set will require:**
1 table(s).
- **In a relation, NULL indicates an absent value that may exist but be unknown or that may not
exist at all.**
- **If the attribute phone number is included in the relation all the values need not be entered
into the phone number column. This type of entry is given as?** Optional or Nullable.
- **File type can be represented and identified by:** File extension.
- **Ellipses represent:** Attributes.
- **Double Rectangle represent:** Weak Entity Set.
- **Double Line indicate:** Total Participation in a relationship.
- **Double ellipses represents:** Multi-valued attributes.
- **Diamond Represents:** Relationship.
- **Dashed ellipses represents:** Derived attributes.
- **Creating an entity relationship diagram is in which order?** Identify entities, define
attributes, determine relationships, establish cardinality and constraints, draw the ER diagram.
- **Consider the entity relationship which consists of two entity sets, customer and loan,
related through a binary relationship set borrower. A directed line(->) from the relationship set
borrower to the entity set loan specified that borrower is either a:** One-to-many or Many-to-
one relationship.
- **Consider the entity relationship which consists of two entity sets, customer and loan,
related through a binary relationship set borrower. An undirected line (--) from the relationship
set borrower to the entity set loan specifies that borrower is either a:** One-to-One or Many-to-
Many relationship set from customer to loan.
- **Collection of related records is called?** File or Table.
- **Basic client-server model is similar to:** Two-tier architecture.
- **Attribute of a relationship in an ER diagram is called:** Descriptive attribute.
- **Another name for Table is?** Relation.
- **Another name for Record is:** Tuple.
- **An entity set that has attributes to form a primary key; such an entity set is termed as:**
Strong Entity Set.
- **An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is a:** Weak
Entity Set.
- **An entity set may not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key; such an entity set is
termed as:** Weak Entity Set.
- **A transaction that has not been completed successfully is called:** Aborted transaction.
- **A:** Tuple is a collection of related fields that can be treated as a unit by some application
program.
- **A:** Field is the basic element of data where individual field contains a single value, such as
an employee's last name, a date or the value of the sensor reading.
- **A NULL** indicates an absent value that may exist but be unknown or that may not exist at
all.
- **Primary Key** is a Primary Key?
- **SQL** is used in specifying retrievals in Relational models.
- **Domain** constraint is specified on individual relation.
- **Compensation** transaction can be used to undo a failed transaction.
- **Discriminator** is used to uniquely identify all entities of a weak entity set.
- **Compensation** transaction can be used to undo already completed transactions.
- **Simple** type of attributes become the column for a table.
- **A one-to-one relationship occurs when one occurrence of one entity occurs in one instance
of another entity.**
- **What could be an example of a One-to-One degree of relationship?** An employee has one
parking spot, and each parking spot is assigned to one employee.
- **In a:** Many-to-Many relationship, there are many instances of something occurring in one
entity associated with many instances of something else.
- **In a many-to-many relationship, many events in one entity affect many events in another.**
- **What could be an example of a One-to-Many degree of relationship?** One department has
many employees.
- **What could be an example of a Many-to-Many degree of relationship?** Students can enroll
in multiple courses, and courses can have multiple students.
- **One-to-Many is denoted as:** 1:N.
- **One-to-One is denoted as:** 1:1.
- **Many-to-Many is denoted as:** M:N.
- **A billing system is an example of tier:** Two-tier database architecture.
- **A library management system is an example of tier:** Two-tier database architecture.
- **A customer relationship management system is an example of tier:** Three-tier database
architecture.
- **Single-tier** of database architecture puts all required components of a software
application on a single server.
- **The simplest and fastest form of database architecture is tier:** One-tier.
- **How many types of DBMS architectures are there?** Three (One-tier, Two-tier, Three-tier).
- **Basic client-server model is similar to:** Two-tier architecture.
- **In which architecture do we have another layer between client and server?** Three-tier
architecture.
- **In which architecture client can't directly communicate with the server?** Three-tier
architecture.
- **Internal Schema** is also known as Physical Schema.
- **Conceptual** schemas describe the structure of a database from a conceptual perspective.
- **Conceptual level is also termed as:** Logical level.
- **Who exactly works at the Conceptual level?** Database Designers.
- **What is an external level also known as?** View Level.
- **User interaction with a database system is described by the view schema?** Yes.
- **Mappings** are what connects the three types of schema within the DBMS.
- **Metadata** data refers to describing the data description, representing data semantics, and
describing the consistency constraints that apply to the data.
- **Entity Sets** are collections of similar types of entities.
- **Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model** is an extension of ER Model.
- **A/An** **State** of a database is the data in it at a specific moment in time.
- **The** **Schema** of a database describes its overall structure.
- **Data schemas represent the skeleton structure of a database. They represent the**
**structure** of the database as a whole.
- **What is the process of database creation known as?** Database Design or Database
Modeling.
- **Schemas** are designed by database designers to facilitate communications between the
database and the software.
- **In the 3-tier architecture, which layer holds the query languages alongside the relations that
define the data and their constraints?** Database Layer.
- **In the 3-tier architecture, which layer is the mediator between the end users and the
database?** Application Layer.
- **In the 3-tier architecture, on which layer does the end users operate?** Presentation Layer.
- **On which data model do we have all data stored on a single plane?** Flat File Model.
- **The data model in which the data is organized into tree-like structure and has just a single
root with the data linked to the root is called?** Hierarchical Model.
- **The data model whose schema can be represented in form of a graph with the relationship
represented using edges and nodes used to represent objects is called:** Graph Model or
Network Model.

26. **Attribute of a relationship in an ER diagram is called** **relationship attribute**.

27. **The statement given is an example of which mapping cardinality: A customer is connected
with only one loan using the relationship borrower and a loan is connected with only one
customer using borrower?** **One-to-one.**

28. **The statement given is an example of which mapping cardinality, A loan is connected with
only one customer using borrower and a customer is connected with more than one loans using
borrower.** **One-to-many.**

29. **The statement given is an example of which mapping cardinality, A customer is connected
with more than one loan using borrower and a loan is connected with more than one customer
using borrower?** **Many-to-many.**

30. **Basic client-server model is similar to** **two-tier** **architecture.**

31. **The operations in a relational model can be categorized into** **DDL (Data Definition
Language) and DML (Data Manipulation Language).**

32. **In which architecture can't client directly communicate with the server?** **Three-tier
architecture.**

33. **Which was developed by C.F. Codd?** **The relational model.**

34. **The degree of a table is the number of** **columns** **in the table.**

35. **In a relation, an absent value that may exist but be unknown or may not exist at all?**
**NULL.**

36. **State in correct ER diagram for tables with binary relations and unary relationship
diagram?** This question seems incomplete and cannot be accurately answered without further
details.

37. **In converting ER to tables, a relationship with cardinality ratio many-to-one with total
participation on one side will require** **a foreign key in the table on the "one" side.**

38. **Total participation on both sides will require** **a foreign key in both tables involved in the
relationship.**

39. **State the syntax for a PROJECT operation.** In relational algebra, the syntax for the
PROJECT operation is: `π_{attribute1, attribute2, ...} (RelationName)`.

40. **A transaction that has completed successfully is called** **a committed transaction.**

41. **A transaction can be used to undo a failed transaction?** **Rollback.**

42. **Primary key constraint** is used to uniquely identify all entities in a weak entity set.

VOICE